A19C. The Sun Horse. .15.17.23.27.-.30.33.

The sun is associated with a rider or rides in a horse-drawn (ecwid) wagon.

Latins, Old Testament, Ugarit, Sumer, Akkad, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Slovaks, Russians (Arkhangelsk), Armenians, Hittites, Avesta, Kafirs (Prasun), Kazakhs.

Southern Europe. Latins [Ovid's "Metamorphoses" (line of er): Phaeton came to the house of his father, the sun god; he promised to comply with his son's every request; Phaeton asked to be allowed within one day control his father's chariot; the sun god was forced to agree and Phaeton set off at dawn; four horses pulled into a chariot rushed at great speed, frightened Phaeton could not was to hold them and dropped their reins; the horses rushed the chariot across the sky and descended so low that the earth began to blaze and the rivers evaporated; the Earth pleaded to Jupiter, who threw his perun, the chariot scattered, and the incinerated Phaeton fell into Eridan]: Ovid. Met. II. 1-366; Hyg. Fab. 152a [Myths attributed to Guy Julius Gigin, who lived at the turn of the eras, but most likely date back to the 1st and 2nd centuries: "Phaeton, son of the Sun and Clemena, secretly boarded his father's chariot and, rising too high above the ground, fell into the Eridan River in fear. When Jupiter struck him with lightning, everything started to burn. To seize the opportunity to exterminate the entire mortal family, Jupiter pretended to put out the fire. He streamed from everywhere and the entire mortal family died, except Pyrrhus and Deucalion. And Phaeton's sisters, who, despite his father's ban, harnessed horses for him, turned into poplar trees" (trans. Torshilova D.O.)]; Hyg. Fab. 154 ["Phaeton, the son of Clemen, the son of the Sun, and the nymph Meropa, who is considered Oceanida, learned from his father's story that the Sun is his grandfather, obtained his chariot, but made poor use of it. Because he was driving too close to the ground, everything caught fire from the proximity of the flame. Striked by lightning, he fell into the Pad River. The Greeks call this river Eridani and was the first to mention it by Ferekides. The Indus, on the other hand, caused the heat of the near sun to darken their blood and turned black" (trans. D.O. Torshilova)]; Manil. Astr. I. 716-749 ["Astronomy" by Mark Manilius (1st century); on the Milky Way: "This light that cuts through the darkness of the night makes the human mind ask about the divine: maybe the building of the universe is splitting into parts and in New light enters the resulting crack; what fears does a person feel when looking at damaged skies? Perhaps the sky closes, and where the edges of the hemispheres converge, a strange scar appears, a seam filled with air that has become dense, holding the foundations of the high heavens together. Or is it more true that in ancient times, the horses of the Sun raced the other way, along a different path? Over the centuries, have the scorched stars lost their color, and the dark blue sky was covered with ash? From ancient times, the story of Phaeton flying across the sky in his father's chariot has come down to us; looking enthusiastically at the unusual picture of the heavens up close and rejoicing like a child, he drove the chariot forward, trying to surpass father, and lost his way, and the rebellious horses took an unusual path; the unsuitable constellations could not withstand the heat of the lost fire and the weight of the chariot, which lost control. Why is it strange that the heavens are burning and the Earth turned into a fire burning in every city? When the fragments of the scattered chariot scattered in different directions, the sky turned white. Today, the stars bear the traces of that ancient fire, showing the consequences of the disaster that occurred in the sky" (trans. E.M. Steerman)]; Alaura, Bonechi 2012 [references to ancient sources and discussion reference to Fulgence, Bishop of Rusla at the beginning of the 6th century; horses in both ancient and ancient Eastern sources, four, are associated with dawn, sunrise, afternoon and evening and have similar color and characteristics]: 61-62.

Western Asia. Sumer [the earliest evidence of ideas about the sun's chariot is the text on King Gudea's cylinder A (XIX:13-16, 22-23): Sun God Utu's magnificent buckle (lo splendente tiro del sole) Utu), due to sunrise; further (XIV:25): the best ecvids (i destrieri scelti - niskum, i.e. something of the highest quality about animals or objects), a famous team, Utu's favorite team; there are no other 3rd millennium BC texts directly mentioning the solar cart]: Alaura, Bonechi 2012:14-15; Sumer, Akkad [in incantesimo a Utu II millennium BC (KAV 64 IV: 24-27) mentions a second team; it mentions "a lion with the face of a bird zú {Anzud?} , terrible, terrible; a lion with a terrible snake eye, devouring everything; a lion with the face of a dragon, a murderer; a beast with a lion's face that gives off a monstrous glow"; the same in the bilingual, the hymn to Utu; there is a lacuna in this place, but judging by its size, it contained the names of the animals of the second team; however, in incantessimo a Utu, animal names are preceded by the anše denominative, which defines them as the end/ecvids {the root is the same as "donkeys" in most languages}; these horses/ecvids seem to take on monstrous appearance during the sun's night journey in the lower world]: Alaura, Bonechi 2012:63; Assyria: Alaura, Bonechi 2012, fig . 2a-b [Neoassirian seals depicting Shamash standing on a horse's back and a winged disc above a winged horse], 3 [adorant leading to a horse before Shamash, Neo-Assyrian seal], 4 [sun god on a chariot drawn by one horse and holding the reins himself, late 2nd - early 1st millennium BC]; Old Testament ["He stopped (giving) horses that the kings of Jude gave to the Sun"]: 2 Kings 23, 11; (cf. Ugarit [A stallion's mother, a mare, daughter of a spring, daughter of a stone, daughter of heaven and sea, speaks to her mother, the Sun]: KTU 1.100).

South Asia. Ancient India (Rigveda): Macdonell 1897:30 [Surya rides in a stallion wagon (lots of stallions, mares, seven horses or mares)], 31 [in one case Surya is named white a sparkling stallion led by Ushas; Surya's horses are his rays; Surya's seven mares are daughters of his wagon].

The Balkans. Ancient Greece ["Historical Library" by Diodorus of Sicily (1st century BC): "Many poets and historians say that young Phaeton, son of Helios, begged his father to give him his father for one day quadruple team. Helios agreed, and Phaeton drove four horses, but could not hold the reins, but the horses did not obey the young man, turned away from their usual path, and for the first time, wandering across the sky, burned him, forming the current the circular Milky Way, and then, burning the ground in many places, burned vast spaces on it. Enraged by what was happening, Zeus struck Phaeton with lightning and brought the sun back on track. The phaeton, on the other hand, fell at the mouth of the river, which is now called Pad, and in the old days it was called Eridan. His sisters mourned Phaeton's death so sadly that, due to excessive sorrow, they even changed their nature into poplars" (trans. O.P. Tsybenko)]: Diod. Sic. V. 23. 2-3; [Ovid's Metamorphoses (Er Er): Phaeton came to the house of his father, the sun god; he promised to comply with his son's every request; Phaeton asked to be allowed to rule for one day father's chariot; the sun god was forced to agree and Phaeton set off at dawn; four horses pulled into a chariot rushed at great speed, frightened Phaeton could not do them held and dropped the reins; the horses rushed the chariot across the sky and descended so low that the earth began to blaze and the rivers evaporated; the Earth pleaded to Jupiter, who threw his perun, the chariot scattered, and the incinerated Phaeton fell into Eridan]: Ovid. Met. II. 1-366; [Myths attributed to Guy Julius Gigin, who lived at the turn of the eras, but most likely date back to the 1st and 2nd centuries: "Phaeton, son of the Sun and Clemena, secretly boarded his father's chariot and, rising too high above the ground, fell into the Eridan River in fear. When Jupiter struck him with lightning, everything started to burn. To seize the opportunity to exterminate the entire mortal family, Jupiter pretended to put out the fire. He streamed from everywhere and the entire mortal family died, except Pyrrhus and Deucalion. And Phaeton's sisters, who, despite his father's ban, harnessed horses for him, turned into poplar trees" (trans. D.O. Torshilova)]: Hyg. Fab. 152a; ["Phaeton, the son of Clemen, the son of the Sun, and the nymph Meropa, who is considered Oceanida, learned from his father's story that the Sun is his grandfather, obtained his chariot from that chariot, but made poor use of it. Because he was driving too close to the ground, everything caught fire from the proximity of the flame. Striked by lightning, he fell into the Pad River. The Greeks call this river Eridani and was the first to mention it by Ferekides. The Indus, on the other hand, caused the heat of the near sun to darken their blood and turned black" (trans. D.O. Torshilova)]: Hyg. Fab. 154; ["Astronomy" by Mark Manilius (1st century); on the Milky Way: "This light that cuts through the darkness of the night makes the human mind ask about the divine: maybe the building of the universe is splitting apart and in New light enters the resulting crack; what fears does a person feel when looking at damaged skies? Perhaps the sky closes, and where the edges of the hemispheres converge, a strange scar appears, a seam filled with air that has become dense, holding the foundations of the high heavens together. Or is it more true that in ancient times, the horses of the Sun raced the other way, along a different path? Over the centuries, have the scorched stars lost their color, and the dark blue sky was covered with ash? From ancient times, the story of Phaeton flying across the sky in his father's chariot has come down to us; looking enthusiastically at the unusual picture of the heavens up close and rejoicing like a child, he drove the chariot forward, trying to surpass father, and lost his way, and the rebellious horses took an unusual path; the unsuitable constellations could not withstand the heat of the lost fire and the weight of the chariot, which lost control. Why is it strange that the heavens are burning and the Earth turned into a fire burning in every city? When the fragments of the scattered chariot scattered in different directions, the sky turned white. Today, the stars bear the traces of that ancient fire, showing the consequences of the disaster that occurred in the sky" (trans. E.M. Steerman)]: Manil. Astr. I. 716-749; [On Astrology by Lucian Samosatsky (2nd century): "Phaeton outlined the path of the Sun, but not quite correctly; he died, leaving his research unfinished. Those who do not know this consider Phaeton to be the son of Helios the Sun and tell a completely implausible myth about him: as if Phaeton came to Helios the Father asking him to drive a solar chariot, he gave and outlined the driving rules. Phaeton boarded the chariot, but due to his age and inexperience, he kept him too close to the ground, sometimes too far away from it, so that he killed people with cold or unbearable heat. Zeus struck him in anger for this with a great lightning bolt. The phaeton fell, and his sisters surrounded him and cried a great deal. This continued until they changed their image, and to this day they stand as black poplars and shed amber tears for Phaeton" (trans. N.N. Zalessky)]: Luc. De astr. 19; Ancient Greece ["From Songs to Nanno" by Mimnerm (late 7th century BC); about Helios: "He rushes quickly through the wave into a concave bed with a winged. /It is wonderfully made by Hephaestus's clever hand/From multicolored gold. He rushes from above the waters, /He rests in a sweet dream, from the Hesperides country/To the land of Ethiopians. Born at dusk, Eos/Fast horses are waiting for him with his chariot there./Having risen, Hyperionov's son ascends his chariot..." (per. V.V. Veresaeva)]: Mimn. Fr. 5 (Gent. -Pr.) = 4 (Gasparov). 5-11; Bulgarians [The Sun is the brother of the Month, the Morning and Evening Stars; he rides a horse in the morning and on a donkey in the afternoon]: Stoynev 2006:303; Macedonians [before noon The sun goes on on foot, in the afternoon he rides a horse; or in winter on horseback, in summer on a donkey]: Tsenev 2004:38.

Central Europe. Slovaks [three laundresses have lost their husbands; they want to bake bread, they are looking for fire; the first, the second go away, disappear; the youngest consistently meets three riders with a dog; each dog gives one a piece of bread, she divides it among herself, the horse and the owner; the first rider is light, the second is darker, the third is dark; the third explains that they serve as the sun, the month, the sorcerer's night; tells throw a halter on the sorcerer, drag him into the fire; the sorcerer turns into different monsters, animals, then burns; on the site of the house, the country and the city; the people sitting in cages, including the first two laundresses, are free ]: Gorbov 1949:177-180; Slovaks [There is a dark country where the sun does not shine. The king has a horse with the sun on his forehead, from which light emanates. So that people can live, he takes him from one side of the country to another. Suddenly, the sun horse disappears. People are desperate. The king and his army are going to look for him. They find a lonely hut in the forest. In it, a tall man reads a big book. He tells the king that he has read about him and that it is useless to find a horse with an army, let him rely on him and find it. He asks him to keep a brave warrior as a servant. The soothsayer and servant travel through six countries, staying in the seventh, where three siblings, married to their sisters, rule, and their mother, a striga (witch). The soothsayer turns into a green bird and asks the queens that their husbands will appear in the evening, tomorrow and the day after tomorrow. A visionary waits at the bridge and kills the elder and middle brother king. The youngest comes on a sunny horse. The visionary comes into battle with him, their swords break, then the visionary offers to turn into wheels and roll down the mountain. Whose wheel breaks will give in. The king wants to be a cart wheel, but invites the seer to be lighter. The visionary wants the opposite, the king agrees. The cart wheel breaks the lung. Weven claims he won, and the king replies that he just broke his fingers. Then they turn into blue and red lights, trying to burn each other out. An old beggar walks by. The red fire promises him a kreutzar if he floods the enemy with water, and the blue fire promises him a penny. The beggar loves a penny more, floods the king's red fire. The blue fire turns into a visionary, thanks the beggar, calls the servant, and they leave on a sunny horse. The old haircut decides to take revenge, takes her three daughters in an armful, sits on the rake and flies. The seer, and especially the servant, is hungry; he sees an apple tree by the road. A seer cuts an apple tree with a sword - blood is shed. This is the elder queen. The seer forbids the servant to drink from the spring, cuts it - this is the middle queen; he does not let the rose pick, cuts the bush - this is the youngest. A little magician with a golden bridle selects a horse. The visionary becomes the boy's servant. The boy is eager to get a princess living in a poplar castle that grows out of the sea. The visionary takes the ship, buys ribbons and jewelry, and goes to the castle as a merchant. Kidnaps a princess who comes down to look at the merchandise. She tells her to ask what the magician's power is. He tells her that there is a tree, a deer grazes under it, a duck in a deer, a golden egg in a duck, and a magician's heart in the egg. A visionary kills a deer, a duck, drinks an egg. The princess gives the ship to return home, picks up a sun horse and flies it to his country. When they cross the border of a dark kingdom, the light from the horse's forehead illuminates the country, people rejoice. The seer renounces half of the kingdom, gives his horse to the king, and returns to his home to rest]: Němcová 1857:215-229 (=Wenzig 1857:156-157, 182-191; =Wratislaw 1890, No. 11:75-82); Russians (Arkhangelskaya: Pinega) [one house (female brownie) ate people, the other was smart, she had a name day, she went and saw: there is a white horse, a white cart, a white man; then the same, red; still going, the same thing is black; came to the first house; there is a hand on the porch, a leg on the last mortar, a braid (hair) on the upper pole, in the intestines hang on the spoke in the corridor, blood in the basement, the heads in the closet, the eyes in the lady; the evil house explains: white - day, red - sun, black - night, leg - kitsynka {?} , hand - rake, braid - panicle, blood - beer, heads - gingerbread, eyes - icons; said that she would go down to the underground for milk, and went to sharpen her teeth herself; the cat tells me to run, the hostess wants to eat the guest; smart the housekeeper spat on that gingerbread, the saliva is responsible for it; the angry one came out, beat the cat with a broom, chased her in a mortar; the clever housekeeper climbed onto the roof and teases, and the angry one can't get up there]: Karnaukhova 2009, No. 71:198-200; Russians (letter, original and place of recording are unknown) [the merchant's wife dies, leaving her daughter Vasilisa a blessing and a doll; the merchant marries a widow with two daughters; a doll feeds, comforts V., does work; the fire goes out, the half-sisters send V. to Baba Yaga for fire; on the way, a horseman passes by on a white horse (dawn), on a red horse (sun), near Baba Yaga's house - on a black horse (night); a house made of bones, on skull stakes with burning eye sockets; Baba Yaga orders to peel wheat from nigella, the next day - poppy seeds; the doll does everything; after learning that V. Blessed, Baba Yaga tells her stepmother to take a skull with fire; he incinerates her stepmother and her daughters; V. buried her skull, asks her father to buy linen; to see the canvas she woven, the king marries her]: Afanasiev 1958 (1), NO. 104:159-165.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Armenians [medieval authors (Alishan F. 1895. Ancient Faith of the Armenians, in Armenian, Venice) talk about four horses of the Sun - Enik, Menik, Benik, Senik {apparently drawn into a wagon}]: Ananikian 2010:51; Hittites [Hymns to the Sun, 3; The four horses of your team /The man, your slave, poured grains, /The end of the four will eat grain, /So you will live, O Sun, you.. You ride around on a chariot/There are four sides of the light.. Bunene is flying to your right -/Kolesnik and faithful adviser]: Ivanov 1977:107-108.

Iran - Central Asia. The Iranian written tradition (Avesta) [sun (hvar, =Vedic svar; surya - derived from svar; related to Greek Helios) has fast horses]: Macdonell 1897:31-32; kafirs (prasun) [two stallions, Suva (Golden) and Uru (Silver), grazed in the pastures of Mount Tirich-Mir; their owner was Aspavoga (Clear Sky); in the morning he released the Golden Stallion into the vault of heaven, When the sun was on him, and as the stallion ran around the sky, the sun sent rays to the ground; when the stallion ran to Lake Sujum and leaned down to drink water, the sun slipped into the lake and1 it was dark; then A. released the Silver Stallion, on which the moon was loaded; he ran across the sky, illuminating the earth with the light of the moon; Purdy's seven sons caught the Golden Stallion and locked him up in the barn; Serebryany thought it was night and galloped across the sky; the brothers caught him; darkness fell to the ground; Gish, A.'s groom, broke the barn doors and drove the stallions to the top of Tiric Mir; seven sons rushed after G., but the Golden Horse had already illuminated the whole earth, the gods woke up and Imra threw G.'s sword; G. hacked Purdy's seven sons and scattered their bodies across the sky]: Abayeva 1978:111.

Turkestan. Kazakhs [before noon the sun rides a blue bull, in the afternoon on a black pacer]: Kuftin 1916:147; Chuloshnikov 1924:242.