B103. Dogwood.. 27.-.29. (.31.35.)

The character thinks that since dogwood blooms earlier than other fruit trees, its fruits will ripen earlier than others. The character is wrong, remains without fruit.

Bulgarians [devil], (Macedonians), Serbs [devil], Slovenians [devil], Romanians [shepherd who became a bear; Gypsies], Western Ukrainians (Transcarpathia) [devil], Eastern Ukrainians (Cherkasy region), Eastern Ukrainians (?) (Kuban) [bear], Crimean Tatars (Otuz) [devil], Karaites [devil], Abkhazians [bear], Ossetians [bear], Kumyks [devil], Georgians [bear; devil], Armenians (Karabakh) [bear], Black Sea Armenians [devil], Azerbaijanis [devil], (Estonians [Ilya the prophet], Siberian Tatars [devil]).

(Wed. Southern Europe. Latins [Romulus, trying his strength, threw a spear with a dogwood shaft at Aventina. The tip went so deep into the ground that no one was able to pull out the spear, and the shaft took root and turned into a dogwood trunk. Subsequent generations honored it as one of the greatest shrines and surrounded it with a wall. If any passers-by thought the tree was less lush and green than usual, he would notify the people he met, and they would shout: "Water!" - and raced with full jugs]: Plutarch 1961 (1), Romulus, XX: 40-41).

The Balkans. Bulgarians (material collected by K. Rangochev): Georgieva 1983 [because dogwood is the first to bloom and its fruits are the last to ripen, the devil put his scales on it to sell the fruits to be the first; but God made dogwood fruits last to ripen]: 38, approx. 140; Stoynev 2006 (southeastern Bulgaria, Mount Strandja) [dogwood (Cornus mas) is a symbol of endurance, health and longevity; when the Lord came from heaven to earth, he sat down relax on the only tree in the vast ocean, it was dogwood; I saw my reflection, said: "Jump out!" this is how God created his opponent - trait; when they shared the plant world, the devil sat under dogwood, because he decided that it was the first to bloom and the first to bear fruit; the Lord chose cherries and defeated the enemy; occasionally in some parts of Bulgaria, dogwood is considered a trait tree]: 96; (cf. Macedonians [dogwood boasted that it blooms first; God: but you'll ripen later]: Ortenzio 2008, No. 9:135); Croats (district of St. Samobor, NW Croatia on the border with Slovenia): Lang 1911 [Kizil is so small and will never grow up because, as they say, one day a bear got out of his den for a Presentation and was very hungry, and nowhere I couldn't find anything to eat, so I thought, "Whoever tree blooms before others, the fruit ripens before others, I'll wait for it." Dogwood bloomed before others, a bear sat under it and waited. Then other trees began to bloom and then bear their first fruits, but not dogwood. And when the bear realized that he had been deceived, he got angry and broke the dogwood, so the dogwood is still so broken today]: 39; Chajkanović 1985 [the same in short, misrepresented as Serbian folklore]: 93; Slovenes [Kras used to be covered with beautiful trees. It was dogwood. It grew tall. Over time, in winter, it began to bloom. The residents of Krasa used this wood for (?). It was really beautiful wood - smooth and solid. At that time, baskets and rakes were made from it. Back then, hell was walking around the world. It was winter. The dogwood was already blooming beautifully. The devil lay down happily under him and waited for the fruits to degenerate. Cherries, pears and apple trees began to bloom in spring. All the fruits are ripe, but the dogwood is not. As autumn was approaching, fruits appeared, which, however, were tart. The devil got really angry and started jumping on the tree: "Damn you, dogwood. You're not going to grow so high again. From now on, you'll be a low bush, the first to bloom and the last to bear fruit." After this curse, he fell into hell, but the dogwood remained; (translated by V.B. Kolosova)]: Šmitek 2012:65; Romanians (translated by N.G. Golant) [Muntenia. I a. The Mother of God went to church with Jesus, who was 5 weeks and 3 days old. She has embarked on a difficult and long journey and would like no one to see her. b. A shepherd who herded sheep climbed a dogwood and, imitating (singing) a cuckoo, greatly frightened Virgo. c. Because of this, she cursed the shepherd should become a bear, and the dogwood was told to bloom first and bear fruit last. d. The sheep were destined to be eaten by St. Petra (obviously, wolves - N.G.), and that they do not bleat. II a. Deva also met a river along the way, across which a bridge of rotten willow stretched. Although she was afraid, she crossed herself and crossed the bridge without incident. b. She blessed the willow to grow anywhere, to accept whatever end it was stuck in the ground, and for people to carry her on Palm Sunday [Florii] to church. P. 176; Transylvania: A.Dogwood, the hardest tree in the world, was once harder than oak. B. Because he told God he wanted to be bigger than all (other) trees and reach the sky at the top, God made it a humble shrub, but has strong wood that will help oak. C. People make some parts for oak mill wheels from dogwood; Moldova and Transylvania: A.God, when he distributed the benefits of the world, he called every kind of people and asked about their tastes. B. The creator distributed goods, women, trees and much more. c.Then distributed fruit trees. d.Peoples, gathered in groups were waiting, when it was their turn, for God to ask what trees they wanted to have. E. The gypsy made his way through the crowd to be first. f.When the doors of paradise opened, nations saw different types of trees. g. The gypsy saw a tree with yellow flowers. H. The gypsy chose dogwood (thinking that it would bear fruit faster). i. Other peoples asked for fruit trees at will. J. Their trees bore fruit and people ate fruits, and only the gypsy had nothing to eat. K.Since then, dogwood has been a gypsy tree. c. After the world, living things and plants were created, the Gypsy was the last to come and most of the fruit trees were given away; he asked God for a tree that blossoms first and bears fruit last, and God gave him dogwood]: Brill, Ispas 2005:175.

Central Europe. The material was sent by K.Yu. Rakhno. Western Ukrainians (Transcarpathia): Chori 1994 [when living in the world, when God distributed trees, there was a devil among those present. He sees dogwood in bloom and thinks: "Once it blooms first, the fruits will ripen before anyone else." He asks God to give him this tree. God satisfies a desire. The devil is happy, waiting for fruit. Spring and summer are passing, autumn is already beginning, and dogwood is still not ripe. Only when it turns red when others have already finished harvesting. This is how God learned the trait for his greed and desire to get ahead of others]: 537; 2003 (Uzhgorod) [When God creates the world and finishes his work, spring immediately comes to earth. The trees bloom buds, the leaves turn green, and all living things reach out to the sun. God tells everyone to choose a plant, a tree or a flower, to care for them. The hell comes, chooses dogwood, which has already begun to bloom - apparently, the fruits will ripen sooner than others. Summer is passing, autumn is about to end, and dogwood is still hard and unripe. The devil comes every day, tries it on the tooth, but although the berries are red, they are still hard and sour. People ask the hell how the hell is dogwood, if it is possible to eat it, and he says that the berry is thick, let them take it for themselves if they want to try it. In late autumn, when they come to the forest, people see a ripe, reddened berry, pick it, laugh at the devil - they do not understand the fruits, they give the berry without knowing how useful it is. The devil is very angry with God and people. I wanted to outsmart them, but he was the only loser. The devil is trying to make sure that next fall the dogwood not only degenerates two or three times more, but also that the berries ripen a month or two earlier. To do this, it begins to disperse the clouds, raise the summer sun to make it hot like hell. The sun really shines hot, and tired of summer, does not want to show up above the ground in winter. That is why December and January are so cold and frosty that human trees in gardens completely freeze out. Since then, there has been a sign: "If the dogwood harvest is good, then the winter will be cold!"] : 75; Eastern Ukrainians (Cherkasy region, Korsun-Shevchenko district, p. Tickets) [Spring is coming to earth. Everything blooms, foreshadowing a berry harvest. People started to grab everything for themselves. God sees a mess on earth and orders everyone to choose only one tree. A woman shaves a cherry tree. Damn it is the tree that blossomed first. This is dogwood. The devil thinks: "Once it blooms first, the berries will ripen faster than others. And the first berry is money." Summer is coming, apricots, cherries, cherries, plums are ripening, and dogwood is green. Then it turns red, but still sour. People mock the devil who wanted to outsmart everyone but was left with a nose. "Then harvest it yourself," the devil replies. Autumn is coming, juicy, sweet black berries appear on the dogwood bushes. People collect them and sell them. The hell's making sure there are twice as many berries next year. A lot of dogwood will be born. For such a harvest, the sun sends more heat. It gets tired and wears out over the summer. The winter is so cold that all people's gardens are freezing out. A sign arises: "When there is a large dogwood harvest, it will be a cold winter"]: Zinchuk 2011a, No. 126:172; Eastern Ukrainians (Kuban) {the plot can be borrowed to the Ciscaucasia after resettlement Ukrainians to the Kuban, but given the presence of not only the Transcarpathian, but also the Cherkasy version, this is not necessary} [God suggests that animals choose their tree, the bear who chooses first prefers dogwood . Having found out that the "tree is bad", it blooms early, but its fruits ripen later than anyone else, "once again"]: Pukish 2007:58-59.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Crimean Tatars (Otuz Valley on the way from Feodosia to Sudak; recorded from Otuz landowner Zh.I. Artseulova, nee. Aivazovskaya) [Allah tells everyone to choose one plant and use it, otherwise all gardens will be spoiled; Shaitan chose dogwood, because it was the first to bloom; but it still does not ripen; S. began to blow on the berries, they turned red, but did not become sweet; S. refused the dogwood, spat on it, it turned black; in the fall others collected sweet dogwood; S. made the sun warm twice as much next autumn, dogwood degenerated more; but when exhausted, the sun could not warm in winter, the gardens froze; since then there has been a sign: if there is a big harvest for dogwood, it will be a cold winter]: Marx 1913:7-8; Karaites [Once upon a time hell {şeytan} decided to join the grocer's shop. He wanted to sell his first fruits himself (the ones that ripen first). But there was one Jew in that shop {yahudi}, and everyone bought fruit from him. The devil has a grudge against a Jew. He went to the garden and decided to see which fruit tree would bloom first, the first to bear fruit. He decided to hang the scales {steelyard} on that tree and sell its fruits himself. Dogwood bloomed the first to bloom. However, he [damn} did not know that even though dogwood blooms first and its fruits bloom early, they sing after all the trees have faded; this is why dogwood is called the berry on which the devil has been deceived]: Joseph Kefeli Mejum, A 212 EF SPbF IV (Institute of Oriental Manuscripts) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, List 32b, reported by Aisha Emirova, 05.11.2012; the text is a handwritten book in cardboard cover (22x18 cm., 80 sheets). The collection contains the following card: "The Mejum is a collection of fairy tales, stories, legends, riddles, songs, poems, medical prescriptions, etc., in the Tatar language. Joseph Yakovlevich Kefeli collected and recorded in 1850." Most of the recordings were made in Crimean Tatar in the Jewish script, and there are also notes in Hebrew and Russian. The text of this legend is in Crimean Tatar in Jewish graphics]; Abkhazians (Recorded by Zurab Dzhapua by Irina Tsugba on January 6, 13) [dogwood blooms before other fruit trees; when the bear noticed this, sat under it and waited; then other trees began to bloom; the bear sits and waits for the dogwood to finally ripen; the fruits of other trees began to ripen; and dogwood, it turns out, is later than others ripens; The bear realized that he was deceived, got up and left]; Ossetians ["The bear waited under the dogwood tree and grew old" (dogwood blooms early, ripens late)]: Abayeva 1962:69; Abayeva Georgians: Virsaladze 1973, No. 104 [in the spring, the bear got out of the den; all the trees were naked, and the dogwood was already blooming; he decided that dogwood would ripen earlier than others, went to bed under it; once he saw how after The rain stream carries ripe forest pears, and the dogwood is still green; angrily hit the dogwood tree, broke off the top, so it is low]: 154; Meskhidze J.I., personal message 23.11.2012 (heard from my grandmother, who comes from Kakheti, although she also lived in Kabardino-Balkaria) [hell chose dogwood, because it bloomed the first to bloom, but did not wait for fruit, because dogwood ripens the last]; kumyks [after The first spring came of creation; Satan decided to eat the fruits before man; dogwood bloomed first, Satan sat on it; the fruits of the rest of the trees were long ripe, man ate and harvested them; Satan ate dogwood after a man; as the man was stronger, Satan began to move into him]: Khalidova 2012, No. 43:61; Armenians (Karabakh) [a hungry bear meets a blooming dogwood in the forest at that time , when the snow has not yet come down from the mountains, he is happy. He sits under it and waits for the fruit. He thinks that since it blooms first, it gives fruit first. But spring passes, summer passes, everything around is bearing fruit, and dogwood does not even think about treating a bear]: Gurunts 1970:212; Armenians (Black Sea) [Angel and Satan are betting whose tree will bear fruit first. The angel chose cherry and Satan chose dogwood. He waited for fruit under the dogwood for a long time, but the fruits did not ripen. Suddenly he sees an angel coming to meet him, and his palms are full of cherries]: Muradyants 1900:118 (sent by Lilit Simonyan); Azerbaijanis [the devil tried to persuade the dogwood tree to bloom for a long time, and when it, yielding to his persuasion, it blossomed, it turned out that spring had barely begun and no fruit tree had yet been covered with flowers for fear of frost; {the legend is probably not fully quoted}]: Akhundov 1955: 333.

(Wed. Baltoscandia. Estonians (Nõo, south of Tartu) [juniper was a big tree, its berries were tasty and edible; after dozing off under it, the prophet Ilya got hungry and began to eat juniper berries; they found themselves unripe; Ilya: If you can't feed me, let your berries remain inedible; since then, juniper has not reached a significant height, and its berries are not good for anything]: Estonian Literary Museum, archive, E 30557 (7), Varssavi, Nõo parish).

(Wed. Western Siberia. The text either dates back to the exiled Crimean Tatars, or even simply borrowed from the collection "Legends of Crimea". Siberian Tatars [Allah gave gifts to all living things; Shaitan asked for dogwood because he thought that fruits appeared on it first; berries appeared on the dogwood, but remained green; Shaitan stood on they blew, they turned red, but remained acidic and hard; the sun, which gave a lot of rays to dogwood ahead of time (under the influence of Shaitan), was poorly warmed in autumn and winter; since then dogwood has been called Satan wood; if it ripens early, be a cold winter]: Korusenko et al. 2013:73).