Yu.E. Berezkin, E.N. Duvakin

Thematic classification and distribution of folklore and mythological motifs by area

Analytical catalogue

Introduction
Bibliography
Ethnicities and habitats

B77b1. The sky was covered with a pestle.. 12.13.19.21.23.-.26.

The sky moved away and/or people's connection with the deity ceased after the sky or heavenly deity was touched, hit while working with a pestle pushed in a mortar, or with a spoon that was mixed with porridge (Eve, Nubians, Nyimang).

Nzema, Kpelle, Eve, Krachi (+ edible sky), Dogon, Ashanti (+ edible sky, tower), aquapim, gisiga and capsiki (+ edible sky), Igbo, Hausa, Lele, Dinka (+ seed porridge), Nyimang, atuot (+ seed), Nubians, Somalis, New Hebrides, Dhimal, Varley, Birkhor, Temuan (mantra), Clemantane, Paywan, Apayao, Mangyan (+ grain porridge), manobo, bagobo, tagals, isneg, (ilokan [bones deer], kalinga [deer bones]), mamanwa, bukidnon, tirurai, blaan, subanon, tboli, chuan miao.

West Africa. Nzema [the sky was close to the ground; the old woman pushed fufu (yam food), her pestle hit the sky every time, she told the sky to move away]: Grottanelli 1967:36; kpelle [the sky was close to the ground; a pregnant woman pushed a potion in a mortar, hit the sky with the other end of the pestle, the pestle was stuck there, God got angry, pushed the sky aside, now we can't see it]: Westermann 1921b, No. 28:533; Eve: Olderogge 1959 [the sky was close to the ground; the woman could not properly interfere with the porridge, the spoon clung to the sky, the woman splashed hot porridge into the sky, hit Mawa in the face; he left the people, picked up sky with you]: 158; Schneider 1857:34 in Fischer 1932 [people went to heaven for fish, fish fell to the ground like raindrops; one woman crushed fufu grains, asked the sky to rise to work more comfortably pestle; the sky rose, then again; the third time it rose to its current height; now you can't reach God, and the fish do not fall from the sky]: 235; wolbari [Wulbari (Woolbari) was lying on Mother Earth Asase-Ya (Asashi-Yya); the old woman crushed the yam, touched him with a pestle, the smoke from the hearths ate her eyes, people wiped their dirty fingers against the sky, and another old woman cut off a piece from V. every time to make the food tastier; so V. went up; animals originally lived with him]: Belcher 2005:111 (=Scheub 2000:262; =Zhukov, Kotlyar 1976, No. 9:41-46); catch-up [the sky was close to the ground, women touched him with a wooden pestle; one woman shoved it to its current height]: Griaule 1938:48; Ashanti: Anpetkova-Sharova 2010 [the sky was low; people cut off pieces and ate; old woman was cooking fufu, crush cassava, touched the sky with a pestle, it moved away; the old woman told the children to put their stupas one on top of the other, get to the sky, cut off a delicious piece; one stupa was not enough; Anance's spider offered to take out their stupa from below, put it upstairs; the tower collapsed, the sky remained high]: 37-38; Cardinall 1920 [a woman pushed yams, pestled over the sky; the sky became angry and moved away]: 23; Scheub 2000 [Aberewa woman (this Asase Yaa was named after the spirit of the earth) cooked meals for the children, hitting Nyame ("sky", "God") with the end of the pestle; N. was tired of it, he retired from Earth; A. decided to be close to him again, put a lot one on top of the other; she needed the last one, she asked the child to give it to her, he did not find it, she told me to give one of the lower legs, then the tower collapsed]: 5; aquapim [Nyankupong sky, incarnation of God Nyang, was close to the ground; it was enough to throw a stick at him when a big fish fell from there; the woman pestled in the fufu mortar, asked N. to move away a little; he got up and asked is it enough; but the woman asked three times and eventually the sky moved very far away; now there are few fish]: Frobenius 1909:380; gisiga (about the same at the capsica) [at first the sky is close to the ground, people walked bent over, eating pieces that they cut off from the sky; the leader's daughter instead picked up grains from the ground, crushed them in a mortar, touching the sky with a pestle; asked Heaven to move away three times; twice it moved slightly, the third time to its current height; people were able to walk straightened up and farm, but were unable to eat pieces of the sky]: Beek 2010:53; Igbo [ the sky was low; the woman crushed the yam, hitting the sky with the end of the peste each time, ignoring God's requests to be more careful; God (=heaven) moved away from the ground]: Scheub 2000:32; Hausa (Niger) [ the sky was low, people broke off pieces from it with their hands, ate; old people forbade children to make noise, grind in a mortar, disturb the sky; one girl began to grind water in her mortar, hitting the sky with the end of the pestle; the sky moved away, people had to eat not semolina from heaven, but grain, old people told women and girls to grind grain]: Mariko 1984:5-7; lele [Kounimo (god of rain and thunderstorm) spread across the ground seeds of cultivated plants; one woman pushed them into a mortar, always hit K. with the end of the pestle, told him to move away; one dog could not find a place to relieve himself - crops grew everywhere; K. went up and took the cereals with him; now they have to be grown]: Ruelland, Caprile 1993:19-21.

Sudan-East Africa. The Nubians [1) the sky was close to the ground, the women could not raise a spoon to prevent the porridge, burned their hands, grabbing pots; one woman pushed the sky with a spoon, the sky moved away in anger; 2) the sky was low, people tore off edible pieces from him; the woman shoved it with a spoon, the sky moved away in anger; therefore, the clouds only rain for a short time of the year]: Parrinder 1967:35; dinka [ the sky was low, people easily climbed a rope into heaven to communicate with the deity; the deity gave the first man and woman Garanga and Abuk one millet a day, forbiding them to grind more; that was enough; Out of greed, the woman began to grind (or sow) many grains at once, for this purpose she took a long pestle (or hoe), it hit the sky; then God sent a blue bird to cut the rope that connected heaven and earth; heaven (=deity) was gone, it became necessary to work, illness and death appeared]: Lienhardt 196:33-34; nyimang (ama) [the sky was on the ground, the earth was suffocating; women had to interfere with porridge, bending low over the cauldron, hitting the sky with a stirrer; one poked the sky with the upper end of the mixer, the sky, the clouds, the spirits were furious, far from the ground]: Scheub 2000:5; atuot [when man was dying, the Creator picked him up and he came to life again; there was enough flour from one millet grain for everyone; one woman decided to crush more and raised the pestle so high that the Creator now told people stubbornly work; the bird flew by, cutting off the rope, the man died, others sprinkled ashes on themselves]: Burton 1991:83; Stubbs 1934 [Nyalich was not high above the ground; one woman left her husband, went into the forest; became to break the grain, raising the pestle high, hit N. in the stomach; he was angry, left the ground]: 243; Somalis [the sky was low, protecting people from the heat and cold; two women were millet in mortars, Pestled through the sky; The sky tried to stop the women, they did not listen, then rose to their current height; rays shine through the holes - these are stars; when a heavenly girl carries home a bucket of water, water overflows and flows down through holes, it rains]: Kapchits 1997, No. 1:15-16 (retelling in Kotlyar 2009, No. 36:56).

Melanesia. New Hebrides {central?} [the sky was so low that a woman would hit him with a pestle when she was cooking; she got angry and told him to move away; that's what happened]: Fischer 1932:234.

Tibet is the Northeast of India. Dhimal [the earth was close to heaven; the old woman was breaking rice and pestling against the mortar so much that the earth settled more and more away from the sky; it became dark at night; people decided to get the moon from the sky; began to tie one bamboo pole to another; one man climbed for the moon; another pole was needed; the others thought he had already taken out the moon, clapped their hands and stopped holding the poles; they collapsed; Dhimals are now called "talipa" - those who want to reach the moon; they don't wear hats because they've lifted their heads and hats hit]: Shrestha 2019:560-561; (cf. garo [after the earth separated from the water, a huge black vessel hung above the ground; Bonépa pushed it away with a pestle, then the sun shone]: Playfair 1909:84).

South Asia. Varley (western India) [the sky was close to the ground, touching the water vessels that women carried on their heads; the woman's pestle hit the sky, it moved away]: Elwin 1949:79; birkhor [ the sky was close to the ground; the old woman was breaking rice, accidentally shoving the sky with a pestle]: Elwin 1949:79.

Malaysia-Indonesia. Temuan (mantra): Hervey 1883 [the sky was low at first, but Blo pushed it away with his hands, because when he was breaking rice, the pest hit the sky]: 190; Skeat, Blagden 1906 [Mertang's older brother and younger B'lo descended to earth from heaven; their mother was a handful of Earth, their father was a Drop of Water; the sky was low; B. pushed him away with his hands, because he ruined rice and touched it with a pestle]: 337; clementan [the sky was low; The giant Usai (brother of the owner of the dead) crushed the sago with a wooden mallet, accidentally hit the sky; it moved away]: Hose 1912:142 (=Hose, MacDougall 1912:142).

Taiwan - Philippines. Payvan: Coyaud 2012, No. 53 [women pushed millet, it was hot, alone peeled off the sun, this sun went blind and became the moon; the sky moved away from the ground, turned black; the Sakidadau bird sang and took one woman as her wife; the woman told S. what she needed out of need, asked to accompany her; the next time S. replied that she should go alone; the woman told her crap to answer for her, ran away]: 113-114; Egli 1989, No. 7 [the sky was low; a man named Kulele crushed millet, touched the sky with a pestle, it rose, it became spacious, the sun moved away and stopped burning unbearably; before from the heat you couldn't leave the house and do anything outside]: 33; Ho 1967, No. 8 [the sky was low, two suns were burning unbearably; two women pushed millet pests on the roof; shoved the sun with pastures, one went blind, it became moon; the sky rose with another sun]: 215; Whitehorn, Earle 2003, No. 8 [two women pushed a grain on the roof; the sky was low and two suns burned unbearably; women touched one sun with a pestle, this the sun went blind and became the moon, and the sky moved away from the ground; Kidadaw screamed, the women fled, K. caught one and carried her to him, putting her on a grindstone, which he placed on his shoulder; woman: I'm afraid of your needles; but K. brought her home and made her a wife; one day she went to wash, caught fish, cooked at home, then she had a stomachache; asked K. to go with her - she needed it out of need; when he was tired of walking with her, she told the crap to answer for her, ran away; when K. heard the vague third time, "Oh," he went and saw only crap; his erected penis hit him on a stone and thus carved a fire]: 71; apayao [the sky was low, some trees sprouted into it; a woman was breaking rice, touching the sky with a pestle, it was frightened, rose, uprooting trees]: Wilson 1947b: 20- 21; mangian [Mahal Makanaako held a tree in his hands, it gave shade; a worm fell from the tree into his hand, his bowel movements became earth; other worms appeared in the ground, it grew larger; MM created the brothers Malvay and Dalidali, ordered the land to be sculpted; M. worked diligently, valleys appeared; D. was in a hurry - mountains; a grain of rice was enough to feed everyone; the machete cleared the field himself; people dumped skin and younger; children were born by men from calf legs; the first were born to M.; Doug's woman ("earth") felt sorry for men, told her brother that women would give birth; stepped over his leg, she had the baby in his stomach; the sky was low, preventing rice from breaking; Dalidali hit him with the upper end of the pestle, it rose; Wild Chicken gave people eggs; D. ran impatiently to see if there was droppings in the basket Wild Chicken refused to give more eggs; D. watched one rice fill the pot; the rice felt ashamed to be looked at, now they needed a lot of rice]: Eugenio 1994, No. 25:73-74 (translated into Rybkin 1975 , No. 1:27-28); manobo: Eugenio 1994, No. 35 [the sky was low; the woman was breaking rice, hitting the sky with a pestle, it rose], 48c [the sky was low, the sun was burning terribly at noon; Eva, hitting the sky with a pestle, I didn't have time to cut the rice when the sun had already risen; I asked God to raise it higher; and so it happened]: 90-91, 110; bagobo: Benedict 1913, No. 2 [you could reach the sky by hand; old woman Mona destroyed rice, hit the sky with the upper end of the pesta, wished it to rise; and so it happened (=Eugenio 1994, No. 49a: 111; translated to Rybkin 1975, No. 4:31)], 3 [=Benedict 1916:66-67; as in (2), but Mona - the common name of the people who lived at that time; they hid in a hole from the heat of the near sun; they were old, did not give birth; after the sky rose, people began to give birth to children (Eugenio 1994, No. 49b: 112)]: 16, 16-17; Tagals: Eugenio 1994, No. 42a [Ingat was hard-working and his brother Daskol was lazy; D. destroyed rice, pest knocked on the sky every time; the sky rose]: 103; isneg [the sky was low; wife destroyed rice slowly; the husband began to raise the pestle on a grand scale, touched the sky with its end; the sky rose, taking with him a necklace (the beads became stars), a comb (became the moon), a flaming hearth (became the sun), a vessel with with a lid; when the moon is full, it is a vessel, when it is not there, a lid]: Eugenio 1994, No. 45:106; ilocan: Eugenio 1994, No. 43 [the husband brought a deer; the wife began to break the bones with a pestle, putting a comb and necklace to the sky, which was low; the pestle knocked on the sky, she asked the sky to move away every time; the sky rose, the necklace became stars, the comb was the moon], 55 [the same, the husband destroyed the rice; she also rose to heaven the stove that became the sun]: 104-105, 119; kalinga [the husband brought a deer; the wife began to break bones with a pestle; he knocked on the low sky; she asked the sky to move away every time, the sky rose to the present height]: Eugenio 1994, No. 44:105-106; mamanwa [the sky was low; the old woman told her daughter to break rice; her pestle hit the sky; the old woman asked for the sky to rise; so it happened, but the old woman died]: Eugenio 1994, No. 47:108; bukidnon [the old maiden destroyed rice with a comb and necklace in the sky; the pestle rested against the sky, she hit the sky harder, it rose; the crest became the moon, beads necklaces with stars]: Cole 1916:124 (=Eugenio 1994, No. 62:125); tirurai: Eugenio 1994, No. 48a [a woman cut rice on a hill, hit the sky; wished the sky to rise, the earth to fall; so and it happened], 161b [the woman broke the rice, touched the sky with a pestle, then it moved away from the ground]: 109, 307; moro [the sky was so low that when the sun passed its way, everyone hid in houses from the heat; the moon and stars were taken to play with them, then put them back; one woman destroyed rice, hit the sky with a pestle, it rose]: Eugenio 1994, No. 48b: 109; blaan [woman destroyed rice by hitting pestle into the low sky; asked him to come up; remembered that she put a bag with a baby in the sky; became a bird whose screaming meant asking him to return the bag]: Eugenio 1994, No. 48d: 110-111; subanon [ the man was breaking rice, he was tired, he threw the pestle up, the sky rose]: Eugenio 1994, No. 48e: 111; tboli [the supreme god d'Wata and his sons dug holes for the pillars of the house; from the excavated land of his wife Hyu We and Sedek We sculpted human figures; H. did the right thing, and S.'s nostrils were open upwards and their genitals were on her knees; S. began to destroy rice, hit the sky with a pestle, it moved away from the ground; S. and H. quarreled, H. hit the figures sculpted by S., their noses and genitals got to where they are now; H. wanted to place the figures on the moon so that they would always be children; S. wanted to place them on a stone so that they were hard as a rock; H. disagreed, turned away, then S. put it on a banana; so people multiply like bananas and die; D. revived the figures by blowing on them]: Eugenio 1994, No. 182:307-308; Philippines ( ethnicity is not a decree.) [the supreme god Maca aco placed a man and a woman in two compartments of bamboo trunks; when Gorlinka sat on bamboo, they went outside; Macalinog ("earthquake") allowed them to marry, they come from people; they began to crush rice and with long rice cutters pushed away the sky that was formerly near the ground]: Povedano Manuscript 1572, in Eugenio 1994, No. 191a: 316-317.

China - Korea. Chuan Miao [the sky was low, covered with a burden of brushwood, a pestle of rice; his great-grandfather picked it up, placing incense wood supports in the four corners; stretched out colored canvases, including multicolored clouds and colorful stones turned out; made the sun out of gold, the moon from silver, stars from colored stones; dwarfs live underground, whose egg shells serve as vessels; they live in the sky giants]: Schotter 1911:326.