Yu.E. Berezkin, E.N. Duvakin

Thematic classification and distribution of folklore and mythological motifs by area

Analytical catalogue

Introduction
Bibliography
Ethnicities and habitats

D6A. Crocodile and fire. .18.19.52.53.55.-.57.59.62.63.

Crocodile/Cayman is the temporary or original owner of fire or lightning.

Australia. Forest River Tribes, Oenpelli [The crocodile made a hole at the bottom, was about to take fire with him; the Blue Parrot took the fire sticks; the sorcerer saw the Blue Sitting by the Fire Parrots, stole their sticks, birds flew away dropping fire]: Kaberry 1935:435 (=Waterman 1987, No. 2005 (1): 71); dalabon [the crocodile owned the fire, the rest eat raw food, the rainbow bird takes it away firesticks]: Maddock 1970:176; oenpelli [only Crocodile and Zuek owned firesticks; when going hunting, the Crocodile told Zuik to light the fire when he returned; he fell asleep, did not light them; The crocodile became angry, grabbed his fingers, ran to the river to drown them; the plover snatched them out, ran to the mountains; since then he has been living in the mountains, the crocodile in the water, thanks to the plover, people eat food cooked on fire]: Mountford 1956:215 in Maddock 1970:176; Drysdale River tribes [Crocodile owned the chopsticks; the parrot took them away, gave them to "sorcerers" and humans]: Waterman 1987 , no. 2005 (2): 71; the murngin [The crocodile tried unsuccessfully to light the fire with chopsticks, broke them, maimed his arms; the lizard (frilled lizard), who wove the basket next to him, showed how to do it; The grateful Crocodile, calling the Lizard his sister's son, said that because of her, people would now have fire]: Warner 1958:519-520 in Maddock 1970:182; cockatoo [women owned fire and baked tubers The lilies that were collected hid the fire from male hunters (apparently, they told them they were baking in the sun; then men discuss why they could not bake dead ducks in the sun); about the approach of male women warned plover; men became crocodiles, drowned women, and have been living in water ever since]: Spencer 1914:305-308 in Maddock 197:183-184.

Melanesia. Kiwai [the fire was owned by the Crocodile, did not let people dry the fish in the sun; Havia received fire from a woman who burned it between her thumb and forefinger; now the Crocodile offered his fire, but it was abandoned; he went to live in the water, eats people]: Landtman 1977, No. 68:212-213.

Mesoamerica Thunders are made from a crocodile's tongue. Tepehua: Ask'at'a t'ajin 2005 [the first couple has a restless boy; every time demons who lived in early times lead beautiful horses along the road, he asks them for a price, asks them sell; angry, the demons crushed him; a small lightning strikes from the cloud that appears, the boy comes to life; so many times; the mother warns the boy not to tease the demons; finally, he is finally killed, his mother buries him in the aisle between buildings behind the back wall of the house; after that, a field of beautiful corn grew up {it is not said whether it is on the grave or somewhere else}; the mother cut off her cobs to cook xamil; a vessel of shamil to the spring to drink food with water; shamil is bitter, she gave it to the fish; the big Turtle picked up one corn seed; it turned into a boy, he considers the Turtle to be his mother, The crocodile is an uncle; when he grew up, he hit the water with a stick, wanting to test his strength and change the world on earth, but he only created a rainbow; he told his uncle that he must have seen badly, grew old, offered to wash it, brush his teeth; when the Crocodile opened his mouth, pulled out his tongue, from those crocodiles without a tongue; using this language, the boy took possession of eternity, hitting him on the water, creating lightning to the sky; hitting the ocean, shaking world; since then, those who do not participate in his storm have died from his scourge; (about crocodile language p. 11-12)]: 9-13; Williams García 1972 [some characters don't like the musician's performance; they invite him to a party they feed him, offering more and more portions; he can't anymore; they call him to play ball, kill him with their iron balls; his pregnant wife wants to have an abortion, the baby from the womb tells her to wait, give birth to him where she bathes; she gives birth and buries a dead baby; corn grows on his grave; a woman cooks a cake, she is bitter, a woman throws it away; a turtle puts it on her back, a cake turns into a boy; the baby is dirty, since then a drawing can be seen on the turtle shell; the turtle makes arrows for him, but tells him not to shoot poor fish; the boy asks the scorpion to take him to his real mother; under the roof of the house finds his father's musical instrument; opponents hear the game again, call the player to their place to subject him to the same tests as his father; he is fed to slaughter, but he asks the shrew in advance to hole in food vessels; during the game, he hits balls, killing opponents; spares three for showing where his father's bones are; revives his father, brings him home, forbiding open his eyes; a leaf falls on him, he opens his eyes, turns into a deer; his son gives him a handkerchief - a tail; tells the crocodile to open its mouth, pulls out his tongue; asks San Pedro to let him through mother (to heaven?) ; the mother turns into a holy rose; the snake moves, producing thunder, lightning, clouds, rain; the young man waves the crocodile's tongue, causing a stronger thunderstorm; Thunders lead the young man to San Pedro ; he admits that he missed him with his mother; tells him to divide his weapons between the Thunders; (on crocodile language p. 91-92)]: 87-92; mountain totonaks: Ichon 1969, No. III-5, 11:65, 69, 72; Nahuatl (Huastec district): Greco 1989:183-187; (cf. chontal [the older brother warns the younger brother not to touch the raincoat; he puts on his raincoat, it rains, the flood begins; the elder sends the turtle and others to stop the younger one; this only succeeds pejelagarto (the predatory fish Lepisosteus osseus looks a bit like a crocodile), on whose mucus the younger one slipped; so Thunder pursues pejelagarto, the mucus of this fish attracts lightning]: Relatos Chontales 1994:24-27 (=Vásquez Dávila, Hipólito Hernández 1994:154-155).

Honduras-Panama. Cabecar [a crocodile lived in the pond; he had a beard and a long tongue that looked like people in his mouth; Sibu gave the man a rod, sent him to pull out the crocodile's tongue; the man pulled out his tongue with a rod and beard, gave them to the Sun to make rays for himself]: Stone 1962:66; kuna [fire owner turns into a crocodile]: Chapin 1989:71-76.

The Northern Andes. Embera [owns]: Arango Bueno 196:185 [fire in the crocodile's eyes]; Nordenskiöld 1929:141; Wassen 1933, No. 3 [the Crocodile had fire; God asked, he didn't give fire; L. went to fish with a net; God turned into rabid fish, L. caught it, gutted it, brought it home, hung it over the fire; the fish's eyes were bright, L. understood that it was God; God jumped out, grabbed a stick, hit L. in the face; He jumped into the water and became a crocodile; God took fire, but there were not enough bananas; God took something and it turned into a banana plant]: 109-110.

Llanos. Sicuani [caiman steals fire from people but has to return it]: Wilbert, Simoneai 1992, No. 44 [see G5 motif; boy asks his grandmother to buy it in a trough; produces starch; people tell him to swim in the river, they collect starch; when angry, the boy tells his grandmother to be awake to hear a rumble; she falls asleep; only Kinkaju hears it and knows where the Kalievirne tree grew; on its branches they grow all edible fruits; Chamani (lizard) gives Kinkaju vomit, people learn that he secretly eats other food; Aguti fails, Paka follows the river beyond Kinkaju, fights with him, finds a tree; C. asks Palemecune for axes, he does not give him; he is given vomit, he regurgitates tools (= bird beaks); gives people parcels of mosquitoes that open them turn into capybaras; people cut K.; outside the trunk - clean cassava, and the core is strong; the next morning the barrel is intact; you need a fire drill to work at night; Cayman swallowed it; Frogs lure it; Cayman rips open its belly, takes the drill; the barrel cut], 51 [Kinkaju found a Kalivirne tree with all the fruits on the branches; Tsamani and his men came to Palemekuni to ask for tools, he does not give it; T. sent one two mosquitoes to crawl through P. (one from back to mouth, the other on the contrary), he coughed, regurgitated machetes, pistols, knives, blankets, and other European things; the woodpecker took a hatchet; began to cut down the thicket the next morning; they began to work at night, but The crocodile swallowed and carried away the fire; T. turned one of the young men into a frog; the frogs began to sing, the crocodile swam to eat them, killed him, found a fire in his belly, lit a fire again; a felled tree hold vines attached to the sky; The squirrel cut them, people took possession of the plants]: 191-199, 227-229.

Southern Venezuela. Cayman keeps a fire in his mouth; birds lure him out of him, making him laugh. Sanema: Barandiaran 1968 [Cayman Ibaramë has a fire in his mouth, people eat meat raw; a boy finds a charred leaf in I.'s cave; the boy's father has a party; Tinama chicken, then the Dog defecate at the dancers, everyone laughs except I.; a bird as red as fire defecates into I.'s mouth; he laughs, throwing fire out of his mouth; his tongue is burned, now the caimans have no tongue; a black and white bird blows away fire in her beak, hides it in a tree; I.'s wife tries in vain to fill the tree with urine]: 4-7; Wilbert, Simoneau 1990b, No. 49 [(Colchester 1981:75-78); only Cayman owns fire, Quails eat caterpillars raw; A quail boy finds a charred leaf at Cayman's hammock; people are about to dance but Cayman doesn't laugh; The Bat just got out of the hammock with his classic mother Ant, his penis red and shiny; but Cayman did not laugh then; the Antthrush bird drenched the audience with its excrement, and then Cayman laughed; the tyrant bird caught the fire, Cayman's wife Frog could not fill it urine; fire placed in the cores of trees], 55 [(Borgman MS); only Cayman baked caterpillars on fire; the bird's son found a burnt leaf; people celebrated a party, but Cayman does not laugh; the bird excrement on Queues of everyone present; when he hits Cayman, he laughs too; the birds put fire in the trees], 59 [(Knobloch 197:151); Cayman kept the fire in his mouth; the bird's children found coal on the ground; people became dance, one of the birds defecated on Cayman, carried away the fire; now the fire in the core of the trees]: 111-115, 126-127, 132-133; Yanomam [(Albert MS); Cayman kept fire in his mouth so he had his short tongue and mouth are red; his wife is a Frog; Bird people find baked caterpillars near his house; they danced; Ant Thrush beat himself in the chest, but Cayman just smiled; Wren dances, Cayman laughs, the fire falls from his mouth; the frog fills most of the coals, but the Oropendoles have managed to carry the coals away, put the fire in the core of the trees; the frog curses people, says their children will burn]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1990b, No. 50:116-119; Yanomami: Wilbert, Simoneau 1990b, No. 51 [(Finkers 1986:171-173); people ate raw food, only caiman Iwariwë baked caterpillars; the old woman found under his grilled caterpillar's head with a hammock; people danced; Tohomamoriwë covered everyone with excrement; Cayman laughed; his wife tried to extinguish the fire with urine, but the fire was carried away and placed in trees; Cayman my wife jumped into the water and stayed there], 52 [(Finkers 1986:171-173, sic!) ; only Cayman Iwariwë baked caterpillars; while he and his wife were away, Pokorariyoma found a burnt leaf; people danced; Teshoriwë was the last to dance, Cayman laughed; the fire fell from his mouth, his put in trees; Cayman and his wife jumped into the water and stayed there], 53 [(Becher 1974:33-34); people ate meat raw, Cayman hid the fire in his mouth; the hummingbird began to fly in front of him and fool around; Cayman laughed, fire fell out of his mouth], 54 [(Cocco 1972:381-382); Cayman Ivarivö hides fire under his tongue; others eat meat raw; when he catches a cold, I. sneezes, the fire falls out of his tongue mouth; black bird Yorekitirami stands ready, blows fire, puts it in trees; one woman predicts that the fire will burn, jumps into the water, becomes a frog], 56 [(Lizot MS); Cayman held fire in his mouth, only he baked caterpillars; children find burnt caterpillars; people had fun, Antthrush bared his ass, covered Cayman with excrement, he laughed, the fire fell; Cayman's wife Prueheyoma tried to fill the fire with urine, but Oropendola saved the fire; P. cursed people, saying that this fire would burn corpses, grind leftovers (and eat them)], 57 [(Lizot MS); only Cayman baked caterpillars, others gave raw; the girl found a baked caterpillar; people began to dance, Antthrush drenched the audience with a stream of his excrement; Cayman laughed; his wife Prueheyoma tried to fill the fire with urine, but Oropendola saved the fire; P. cursed people, saying that corpses would be burned in this fire], 58 [(Knobloch 1967:151); Cayman Iwariwe kept fire in his mouth; but he and his wife Iwariome ate bloody meat; Y.'s enemies put There was a burning barrel in front of him, he and his wife jumped into the water and became caimans]: 120-121, 122-123, 124, 124-126, 128-130, 130-131, 132.

Guiana. Akawai [animal people mistakenly think a caiman swallowed fire and tear out his tongue as punishment]: Brett 1880:132-133; Im Thurn 1966 {1883} [Aguchi finds a tree with cassava, bananas, and other cultivated plants on branches; people cut down a tree; a stump turns into stone; water gushes from it, someone has covered it with a basket; a curious Monkey lifted it up, the flood has flooded the ground; the first ancestors climb a coconut palm tree; the Howler Monkey roars, his throat remains swollen; a man throws seeds down to see if the water is deep; the first ancestors descend; the Trumpeter Bird's ants have eaten its legs, now they are skinny; a man makes fire by friction; a Penelope marail turkey swallows a spark, wakes, his throat stays red; people think Cayman has swallowed fire, pulls out his tongue]: 379-381; taruma [ After Duid caught his wife in the river, he and his older brother Ajijeko lived in separate huts but worked together; they ate raw food, but knew that the woman only ate raw fruit; she hid where does the fire come from; when she had already given birth to many children and was old, A. came to visit her; at sunset he went back, leaving his bag, asked the woman to bring it, told her to come closer, grabbed it, threatened by rape, unless she reveals the secret of the fire; she sat down, spread her legs, the fire rolled out of her vagina; it was cold; to make it hot, A. mixed it with hot bark, fruit, pepper; gave keep Duida; he was sitting by the river, Cayman swam out and swallowed the fire; returned at A.'s request; the fire burned his tongue; soon the maroudi bird fell off the fire, flew away; returned his burnt throat at A.'s request remained red; D. left the fire on the trail; the Jaguar came, burned his legs, now tiptoes; Tapir burned his legs harder, they turned into hooves]: Farabee 1918:145-147.

NW Amazon. Piapoko [after eating the fetus, a person becomes pregnant, is allowed without pain as a boy; when the grandmother bathes him, the trough is filled with manioc flour; the boy asks to cut off his fingers, sows phalanges, from them cassava grows; the father does not love his son, so he leaves, taking away all the crops and placing them on the same tree; the tree is found by a night monkey; agouti picks up the pineapple she has dropped and brings them to people; they cut down the trunk day and night, but Cayman swallows the fire; in the morning it turns out that the felling is overgrown; Cayman is killed, fire is taken out of his belly, the trunk is cut; the tree remains hanging behind the Barbasco vine ( fish venom) attached to the sky; The squirrel cuts it, falls with the tree; the branch with all the fruits falls into the water; the tapira is sent to dive; as he gets the fruits, people hide them; he discovers deception, hides some of the fruits; current cultivated plants come from those taken away by people]: Wavrin 1937:604-606; baniva [wild pig (mother of fire) keeps fire in stomach; the hero sets fire to the bark, bringing it to the pig's mouth, runs away; the caiman swallows fire; the hero asks frogs to croak; the caiman opens his mouth to swallow frogs; the hero brings the bark to the caiman's mouth; part the fire remained in his eyes]: Saake 1968:272; vacuenai [Made of bone went with his men for fire to the fire master Yáwali; he reluctantly gave, the Squirrel placed the fire in the vessel; Cayman opened swallowed it, disappeared into the water; when the vessel was reopened, so only smoke, it's called "belkin fire"; the UK found Cayman (and apparently forced him to return the fire); Cayman stopped talking, the fire burned him language]: Hill 2009:80-82; kabiyari [all the water and fish were in the hollow of the Itshuna tree, owned by old Kamatana; bathed and fished, then plugged the hole; the youngest of the Mujnuyi brothers (he is a shaman ) became a hummingbird, spied; the brothers did not have manioc flour, and K. took it out of her husband Mapitare's body (he is a white worm) during copulation (this is his sperm; var.: he copulated with a clay pot, K. I took sperm from there); the brothers refused to eat it; they burned coca leaves over the worm's mink, he died; they met the howler monkey; he told them to paint black, come to the Jejechu jaguar maloka, where holiday; daughter J. hid one of Muhnuya in her mouth; the brothers began to cut down old woman K.'s tree, but the felling overgrown; began to carry the chips away; Squirrel cut down from above, the chips flying from him were drizzling rain; chips fell on Muhnuya's head, since then people have had a headache; the tree fell along with the Kumaka vine, which formed the river; from the branches - channels, lakes; the root - the mouth of the Apaporis River; a woman- The ant (is she K.?) locked her brothers in an anthill; they turned into mosquitoes, five days later, when the exit was open, they flew away; they came to Thunder while he was sleeping, replaced his lightning with feathers from the parrot's tail (they became parrots Thunder's daughter let them in); they came back to K., asked them to cook fish; while K. was collecting fuel, one of Muhnuya stole coal; on a Cayman boat he sailed across the river, Cayman went under water, took the fire; Muhnuyi turns into a frog, lures Cayman ashore; his brothers cut his belly, the Wasp finds fire inside; masks have been made from his vertebrae and intestines - they're like fire]: Correa 1989:43-50; barasana [like a kabiyari; an old woman keeps fire between her legs]: S.Hugh-Jones 1979, No. 2C: 268-269; Tarian [opens her mouth and gives one of three brothers in exchange for a fetus]: Brüzzi 1994:228;: S.Hugh-Jones 1979 , No. 2C: 269: Correa 1989:50; bar [father-in-law gives fire; caiman swallows fire; caimana is drunk, mouth is opened, fire is extracted]: Pereira 1980 (1): 224-225.

Central Amazon. Manao? (recorded in lingua geral; the exact location of the recording is probably not known, probably the Rio Negro basin) [only Tupana had fire; the rest ate fish, because (raw) it is easier to chew; the caiman saw T. leave, leaving the fire; swallowed it and disappeared into the river; T. sent an otter that did not dare to approach the ferocious crocodile; sent Tukunaré fish (a delicious big cichlid fish; on the tail "peacock" eye", on the bottom of the body and tail there is an orange backlight resembling the silhouette of flame); the caiman came to the dabukuri, drank kashiri and swam back; T. sent the toad chief; the toad ordered a drink for the feast macoari (a perennial herb) called green oropendole, told the caiman that the women were waiting for him; he came, intoxicated, he was pushed against poisoned arrows; the fire was found inside the ear canal, gave it to a toad; a toad lit a fire at home, carried the Mother of Fire to Tupane; he is now among humans]: Amorim 1928:371-373 in Zeller 1983:35-36, in Maslova 2018, No. 3:47-49.