H50. Heavenly god and mistress of the dead. .20.-.22.24.25.35.38.
A pair of deities or first ancestors disperse. A man stays on earth or goes to heaven (stays in heaven), a woman becomes the mistress of the world of the dead, the earth, the lower world, and is usually associated with diseases and poisonous animals.
Mangareva, Maori, Lepcha, Limbu, Palaung, Ngaju, Tirurai, Bagobo, Ketas, Yugi, Northern Selkups, Ancient Japan.
Micronesia-Polynesia. Mangareva [Tiki made the first Hine-one woman (Virgo Earth) out of the ground; married her; they have a daughter Taiki-te-keukeu; pregnant H. descended to the lower world, became its mistress, and gave birth to twins Kuri and Kuro; the full moon is a symbol of Hine-one because she was pregnant when she left T.; T. decided to get together with his daughter; settled on the other side of the mountain, warning his daughter that one of her might come to her brothers born in the underworld; began to come to her at night by himself, leaving before dawn; the daughter, out of disgust, went underground for her mother; both decided to bake T. alive in the oven and eat it, but K. and K. warned his father, who framed another person instead]: Buck 1938:307 (a brief retelling in Anell 1989:19); (cf. Tuamotu [Tiki made the first woman Vahome out of a pile of sand, their daughter Hina, T. got along with her, V. found out that H. was ashamed to the moon, T. committed suicide]: Anell 1989:19); Maori: John White in Poignant 1967 [Tane first wanted to marry his mother, who rejected him; then he converged with other creatures, but rivers, reptiles, herbs, stones were born; his mother told him to make a woman out of sand, this is Hine- hau-one, "A Virgin Sculpted Out of the Ground"; they had a daughter, Hine-titama, "The Maiden of Dawn"; T. and married her; she asked him who her father was; T. told me to ask the pillars of the house, they kept silent, HT realized that the father - T. himself, fled Hawaiki to the lower world of darkness, Po; T. tried to follow her, but she replied that she "cut off the rope of this world", that she should return to the upper world to raise their children, and she would take them into darkness (the origin of death)]: 41-42; Best 1923 [is mostly the same, but Hine is described as the patroness and protector of the dead by Whiro, a symbol of evil and death]: 113.
Tibet is the Northeast of India. Lepcha [originally created by the Himalayas, the male mountain and the female mountain; they are the older brother and sister of the rest of the mountains and rivers; the Earthquake spirit is their son; the last to be born are brother Takbo-thing and sister Nazong -Ngyu; married, gave birth to many children; first, disease spirits and poisonous snakes were born; N. threw them away; then lizards, centipedes - also threw them away; the couple went down to earth; for the night N. took off her a bracelet, it grew into a mango to the sky; Rum (the supreme god) asked N. who the father of her children was, she did not confess; only the Dog told how T. came to N. at night; N. threw a ball of thread at her for this; R. told N. and T. to part; they shared their property; N. let her animals and birds go freely, they became wild; T. placed his own in China, India, so they were poor; T. put his house on the mountain; N. she rushed after him, but could not climb; told her children (different grasshoppers) to make stairs; most ran away, taking away her jewelry, two species remained (now they live a long time); when N. reached the top, gave birth to a human child, gave him a breast (she did not give him animals and perfume); N.'s other children were jealous, so the child died; N. prepared two graves - for Mung and for Rum ( It is not clear: gave birth to twins? the twin from the afterbirth?) ; sent two birds to T. for water of life and water of death; T. gave, ordered to pour water of life on Rum's grave, death to Mung's grave (mung is spirit, evil spirit); they poured the opposite; therefore they die and come to life in Rum during incarnation, and Mung is born only once (and do not die); N. reached N., but he did not accept her and she built a separate palace for herself; the Creator decorated the sky with stars and clouds; began to send the land of his various children (bumblebees, grasshopper), but they planted the wrong plants; the latter took ginger, garlic, and a tree whose resin burns slowly, went down to the ground to become a shaman, a healer; there mungues are already everywhere; they agreed to give them the opportunity to treat the sick if they donate chickens, eggs, etc.; another son, Tarbong-mu, was born, went down and grabbed a heavenly fairy who stole birds from him from snares, married, she is pregnant; the wasp stole sourdough from the old woman for an alcoholic beverage; old woman: people will quarrel over him; various snakes tried - they got excited, but did not die; everyone drank on Tarbong-mu and Narib-nom wedding]: Stocks 1925, No. 1:345-354; limbu (kirati) [at first, the gods created man from precious metals, but he did not answer their call; then they mixed yellowish earth with water, the droppings of several species of birds and the ash of bamboo, which grows high in the mountains, and sculpted the figure; the man came to life and began to answer; they were indignant and cursed him; accidentally spit on him, after which the man died; therefore people are mortal; the wind blew on the first woman and she conceived, gave birth to a son Susuwoengba Lalawoengba; he became a good hunter, he has 4 wives; his mother told me not to go north (i.e. to the side Tibet) and south (towards India), for there are girls who can harm him; S. went there, met a girl, she gave birth to him a son; then S. went towards the South Sea, where another girl gave birth he had a daughter; the children were named Sutchhoro Suhampheb and Tetlar Lahadongna. TL and SS began to live together and gave birth to seventeen children; the supreme god sifted them through a sieve; let those who fell to the ground belong to the mother, and let those in the sieve belong to the father's group; they stayed upstairs and are considered deities; after learning about the vicious nature of their relationship, TL and SS decided to separate with their children, or the dog complained about them]: Tumbahang 2013:80-81, 90-91, 97-98, 337; retelling taking into account other sources in Streltsova 2019.
Burma - Indochina. Palaung: Obayashi 1966:51-54 [(Milne 1924:379-383); the naga princess I-ran-ti took the form of a girl, went to earth, met the Sun; 7 days later he returned to heaven, leaving her his chariot; I. laid 3 eggs; the Sun sent I. a bag with a letter and a wonderful gem, giving it to the golden crow; he stopped pecking carrion, the fisherman found the bag, changed the treasure with a pebble; the Raven brought I.'s bag, who found a simple stone inside, threw it at the Raven; the Sun, as punishment, painted the Raven black, ordered her to live on earth; I., in the guise of a naga, returned underground, throwing her own a hairpin and three eggs; a barrette and two eggs turned into placers of gold and precious stones; the third egg was stuck at the fork in a tree floating along the river; it was found by the elderly couple and raised the born Kok-ya boy; his Sun Father sent him a bow; his naga mother sent her daughter to earth from her marriage to a naga, K. married her, she gave birth to a daughter; K. killed an ogre bird; his naked wife forgot that she should not completely plunge into the water, became a snake again while bathing; told her daughter to make clothes striped like snakeskin, gave the clothes the color of snakeskin scales by touching them; people began to copy these patterns; K. became the ancestor and king of Palaung], 54-55 [(Scott 1918:276-277); snake princess Thusandi lived in a mountain lake, met Hsuriya (from Sanskt. Surya is the Sun), the son of the Sun King; when T. gave birth to three eggs, the Sun called his son back to heaven; he sent T. a letter and a gem, letting them be taken to two parrots; parrots chatted with others Taunghtu caunghtu is a gem, letting two parrots carry them; parrots chatted with others, a boy on the ground; the son replaced the stone with bird droppings; the princess threw her eggs in anger; one sailed upstream of Ayeyarwady, picked up by a gardener and his wife, who was born a boy, married the daughter of the Shan Prince, one son became Emperor of China, the other became the leader of the Palaung; the other the egg floated downstream, was also picked up, and the boy born from it became the ruler of Pagan; the third crashed into rubies]
Malaysia-Indonesia. Ngaju [Mahatala is the god of the upper world, associated with the rhino bird, Djata is the goddess of the lower world, associated with a water snake, and its people are crocodiles that take the form of reptiles when enter the middle world; there is an exchange of traits (scale-covered rhinoceroses and feathered snakes)]: Schärer 1946 and other sources in Stöhr, Zoetmulder 1965:22-24.
Taiwan - Philippines. Tirurai [God Sualla lived in the sky, his sister Sinoggol lived in the lower world; in the palace of the rising sun there were 8 pillars from the core of hard wood leaning against the walls of the sky; one of them was S. turned him into a man, turned his rib into a woman; their son Mantalalan fell ill, his mother sent her husband to S. for medicine; on the way, the demon king changed the medicine, the child died; S. thought it was his machinations sisters; S. sent his four brothers from four parts of the world to heaven to the Prophet Mohammad, who gave soil to bury M.; corn grew from his teeth, rice from his navel, bananas from his hands; Sister S. threw his comb, he became a pig to ruin banana plantings and serve as food for itself; he spat to create rats; because of it, people die and starve; she lives in a world of the dead, so she wants to come to her More people, animals, insects - all dying people came there]: Eugenio 1994, No. 181a: 304-305; Bagobo [Lumabat quarreled with his sister because she refused to go to heaven with him; sister sat on a mortar, began to fall into the ground; since then her name was Mebu'yan; she said that a lemon tree would shake in the lower world; when a ripe lemon fell, an old man would die, when a green lemon was young; she became Throw crushed rice out of a mortar in handfuls; as many people will die and come to it in the lower world, and no one will come to heaven; in the lower world, dead babies suck M.'s countless breasts, and when they grow up, join other dead in Gimokudan; a black river flows through the village of M.; those who bathe in it forget about their past life]: Benedict 1913, No. 1:20-21 (translated to Raats 1970:36-37).
Western Siberia. Kety: Anuchin 1914 [Hosyadam was Ysya's wife, but left by the Month (Heung is grandfather); Yes threw her and her servants to the ground; since then H. has been evil the onset of cold, illness, etc.; some of the servants are now together with H., others fell in the distance; those who fell into the lake became watery, into the forest became goblin, etc.; The month is punished by what time and weather should indicate; spots on him - traces of H.'s stay there; hero Alba drove H. from the upper reaches of the Yenisei to a dead island in the ocean]: 3-4; Dulzon 1969, No. 66 (Sym River) [the son of an old man and an old woman says he will go hunting; mother tells him to wear a fur coat, but he went out naked; his father, in order to frighten him, blows a cold wind, his son ran and froze; his mother scolded the old man, they quarreled; the old man threw her down; she says that she will God below, and he is above]: 210; 1972, No. 85 [the son of heaven went hunting; the father ordered him to dress warmer, he did not listen, froze; the trail of his ski track was the Milky Way; the wife of heaven was angry that her husband froze her son; she went down and said: "I'll make a stone plague at the entrance to the sea, and water will flow on both sides of it. No one is going to pick me up. The current will bring the garbage of the earth to me, and I will hear its friction (singing). You're a god, I'm a goddess too. When your thought dawns, I'll guess "]: 103-104; Yugi [the son said he would go hunting, his mother told me to dress warmly, he refused; the father let a cold wind from the west, the son froze; mother got angry, went to earth, told her husband that he would be the upper god and she would be the lower god]: Werner 1997, No. 26:282-283; the northern Selkups [Ylinta kota was Noma's wife, quarreled with him, went to live deep underground; at the same time she gave birth to layers of the upper tier of the earth, i.e. the inhabited land of the Middle World; she has two daughters with fiery faces; one, the heavenly Sun, harnesses every morning in a sky deer sledge, travels around the world; the second daughter lives with her mother in the underworld, her face is covered with green fire; this is the sun of the dead; when she goes upstairs, you can see the northern lights]: Pelikh 1998 : 29.
Japan. Ancient Japan: Kojiki 1994, ch. 8 [Izanagi and Izanami marry and have children; giving birth to the fire god, I-mi burns his bosom, dies; I-gi comes to the Country for her Korney (Land of Yellow Waters, Land of Darkness); I-mi says she has already eaten local food; tells me not to look at it until she goes to consult local deities; I-gi Tires of waiting, enters her chambers; sees worms and eight Thunders in her body; I-gi runs, I-mi chases furies (Ugly Women of the Underworld); I-gi throws a headband, then a comb; they turn into wild grapes, into bamboo shoots; the furies stop picking them up and eating them; I-gi sends Thunder and demons to an underland; I-gi drives them away by throwing a peach at them; I-mi chases them herself; I-gi blocks the passage to the underland with a rock; I-mi and I-gi divorce; I-mi promises kill a thousand people a day on earth; I-gi promises 1,500 newborns a day]: 47-49; Nihon Shoki 1997, scroll 1 [as in Kojiki; Izanagi urinates to create a river and reaches the ground until furies cross it]: 127-128.