I11. Space turtle/toad. 11.12.19.21.-.23.24.26.-.29.34.36.44.-.48.51.52.57. (.62.) .64.67.
Theturtle (toad, frog) serves as the support (embodiment) of the earth (sky).
Pygmies of Gabon (next to fang) [turtle], fula [toad], San Cristobal [turtle], Tibetans [turtle], lepcha [turtle], bulang [turtle], Ancient India [turtle], Bombay [ tortoise or turtle on a frog], Bengali Hindu [turtle], Santals [turtle], bhuya [turtle], Oraons [turtle], Tamils [4 turtles], Semangi (batek) [turtle], Malays [turtle], Bali [ turtle], Ancient China [turtle], Chinese (Sichuan, Shanxi, Henan, Jiangsu) [turtle], Bulgarians [turtle], Belarusians [turtle], Kalmyks [turtle, frog], Karachays [turtle], Altaians [frog], Baraba Tatars (the same Khakas, Shors, Teleuts, Kumandins - images on tambourines) [frog], Tuvans [frog], Baikal Buryats [turtle], Trans-Baikal Buryats [frog], Mongols (Khalkha) [ turtle, frog], Mongols (Inner Mongolia) [frog], Mongors [frog], Oirats (durbuts) [frog], Baikal Evenks [turtle, frog], horse Evenks of the Nerchi district [frog], Evenki Orochons [ frog], western ojibwa (chippewa) [turtle, toad], hurons [turtle], seneca [turtle], oneida [turtle], onondaga [turtle], tuscarora [turtle], delaware [turtle], dakota (santi?) [turtle], mandan [turtle], arapaho [turtle], shayen [turtle], shoni [turtle], proptu [turtle], patvin [turtle], maidu [turtle], tarahumara [toad], Aztecs [toad?] , totonaki [turtle], classic Maya [turtle], kogi [turtle], (kabiyari [turtle]), spiking [toad], takana [frog].
Bantu-speaking Africa. The Pygmies of Gabon (next to the fang) [at first there was water everywhere; a huge turtle swam, partially covered the waters with its shell, laid eggs, animals, birds, reptiles; a boat sailed, two eggs fell into it (or the snake put them there), of which a man Ntaum and a woman Rae were born]: Trilles 1932:72.
West Africa. Fula [the Koran says that the earth rests on a huge bull standing on a huge toad; when these animals breathe in, the sea overflows its banks, the tide sets; when the exhalation is low tide]: Moreira 1948:236-237.
Melanesia. San Cristobal [the island stands on a stone pillar; during an earthquake, the pillar wobbles, but a turtle (usually with a bird's head) keeps it from falling]: Fox, Drew 1915:182; Fox 1924:133 -134.
Tibet is the Northeast of India. Tibetans: Hermann 1941-1944 [water first; 1) The turtle pulls a piece of land from the bottom, our world grows out of it; 2) the Manchushri bodysatva created a monstrous Turtle, let it into the water; shot at her with a golden arrow; fire blazed, blood flowed, bowel movements poured out; the turtle turned over on its back; peace stands on its chest shell]: 833; Ogneva 1982b [for the Himalayan and eastern zones of Tibet]: 833; Ogneva 1982b [for the Himalayan and eastern zones of Tibet the idea of the universe is characterized by a continent swimming on the back of a turtle or fish, crushed for greater stability by a mountain (Lepcha has Mount Kanchenjunga), at the base of which there is a serpent Begsha; when a fish turns its head from fatigue, earthquakes occur]: 508; lepcha [one water at first; Tashey-Takbo-thing created two fish - ordinary and serpentine; the turtle keeps the world on it and T. placed birds and animals; T. made the first man out of oil, but he blurred; made of oil, people would be beautiful; then he made man out of earth and clay, and the wind breathed life into him; T. did blood from water and poured into man, made bones out of stone; but man was silent, without veins and nerves; T. made them from vines; man came to life but did not have a woman; T. caught birds in snare, once hit by a snare woman; at first a man and a woman could not get married because there was no matchmaker to agree to marry; then (supreme god) Rum sent an owl]: Stocks 1925, No. IV.1:355-356.
Burma - Indochina. Bulang: Yoshiyuki Kojima 1993 in Matsumura 2011 [giant Gumyar caught a sea turtle, placed the ground on it, put the rooster as a watchman; when the turtle tries to move, its rooster bites; when the rooster gets tired and closes its eyes, the turtle moves and the earth shudders]; Miller 1994 (blang, south Yunnan) [at first only the sky and clouds, among them rhinoceros-like li; Gumiya runs He made the sky out of his skin, stars out of his eyes, earth from flesh, water from blood, all kinds of plants from wool, humans from his brain, animals, birds, insects, etc.; four legs the supports of the sky; placed the earth on the turtle; as soon as the turtle tries to move, Gumia's rooster bites it in the eye; if it falls asleep, the turtle moves, shaking the ground; then people pour rice on the ground to wake up the rooster; 9 sun sisters and 8 month-old brothers decided to destroy G.'s creation; there is unbearable heat on earth; at this time, crabs lost their heads, fish lost their tongues, snakes lost their legs, frogs lost their tails; before going out from the shelter, G. smeared the straw hat with wax, but the wax melted and flowed into his eyes; G. made a bow out of wood with green bark, a bowstring from wild rattan, arrows from bamboo, moistened the tips with poison from the reservoir in which the dragon swam; climbed the hot stones to the top of the mountain, hit 8 suns and 7 months with arrows; their blood poured into the ground, cooling it; the remaining Sun and Month fled ; tired G. fired the 18th arrow, it hit the Month, which survived, but lost his fever; it became dark and cold, people plowed, tied their lanterns to the horns of oxen, the rivers stopped; G. sent the swallow to look sun; when she returned, she said that the Sun and the Moon hid in a cave in the east; G. sent all the animals and birds to ask them to return; he did not go himself, because those who hid were afraid of him; two partridges did not go - with a black and white tuft; the first smeared her tail red - supposedly she had diarrhea; the second smeared her head with white - she was in mourning for her parents; all of them were banned; there was a swallow in front, followed by fireflies; led birds are a rooster, animals are a boar; in the cave, the Sun and Month spouses are starving, but afraid to go out; the rooster called them, the rest promised that G. would not shoot at them; rooster: from now on go out after I binge; cut the knot, threw half to the Sun and the Month, made himself a comb out of the other (a cut knot is a sign of the conclusion of a contract); daughter G. Gumishafema feeds the Sun three times a day with golden juice and the Month with silver juice; she is a young girl in the morning, a young wife in the afternoon, an old woman in the evening; the Sun and the Month are allowed at the end of each month return to the cave to connect (the moon is not visible at this time); the Sun is a shy wife, the Month gave her needle rays to stab the eyes of those who glanced immodestly at her; the entrance to the cave was blocked the stone, only the boar could push it away; all is well]: 88-93.
South Asia. Ancient India [gods and asuras together plow the ocean to get the drink of immortality amrita; they use the mythical Mount Mandara as a whorl, placing it on the back of a giant turtles that sank to the bottom of the ocean and wrapped Shesha (Vasuki) in a space serpent like a rope; from the ocean, in addition to Amrita, appear goddess Lakshmi, the Parijata tree of paradise, the sun horse Uchaikhshravas and others; as a by-product, Kalakuta (halahala) poison appears, threatening to destroy the universe; Shiva drinks it]: Erman 1980:536; Gujarati or Marathi (Bombay region) [a cobra holds the ground, cobra on a turtle; some say turtle on a frog]: Enthoven 1924:80; Hindu Bengalis (Sylhet County) [the ground is supported by an elephant that stands on a snake and a snake on a turtle; if anyone- one of them moves, the ground shudders]: Bhattacharjee, Binod 1930:122; Oraons [the ground rests on a turtle held by a crab; sometimes the turtle tries to change its position, but the crab does not allows]: Elwin 1949:13; Santals: Bodding 1942 [water first; Thakur Jiu created various aquatic creatures (crocodile, crab, shrimp, earthworm, etc.); sculpted two human beings out of clay figures; when he was about to put his soul into them, the day-horse came down from above and trampled on them; then, taking the material from his chest, T. made two birds Has Hasil, revived them, they flew, but there was no land anywhere so they returned to T.; he drank water, spat, foam appeared on the water; T. told the birds to sit on it, they swam on it on the waves, but complained that there was no food anywhere; the crocodile agreed to dive, get it from the bottom, but it was washed away on the way back; Prawn is the same; Raghop Boar (Buar) fish is the same (it has no scales since); Crab is the same; the Earthworm asked the Turtle to be ready; he took the ground from the bottom, placed it on the Turtle's back; T. harrowed it, mountains appeared; foam stuck to the ground; vegetation appeared, two birds laid eggs, of which a boy and a girl were born]: 3-5 in Osada 2010; Campbell, ii, p. 16 ff. in Elwin 1949 [Sole fish, Crab, Prince Earthworm, Prince Lendom lived in the water; Thakur Jiu told them to get the ground out of the water; Fish failed, the Crab swallowed, it fell out, drowned again; Prince Turtle was found in the water, chained to his feet; Prince Earthworm brought land, placed it on the Turtle; after that TJ grew tree and grass on the ground]: 8; Culshow 1949 [water everywhere; Thakur called on the kings of the sea, but they could not reach the earth from the bottom; the Crab agreed to dive, but on the way to the surface, the water made sense of the pieces of land he had seized; the Turtle; the Worm asked for gold a dish on the Turtle's back, promised to swallow the earth at the bottom and empty his stomach on the dish; he did so, the ground was uneven, T. tried to level it, the sea flooded the lowlands; T. created from seeds sirom herbs of two geese, female and male, Hans and Hansil (Goose and Gander); they laid two eggs in the grass, humans came out of the eggs - pilcu Haram and Pilcu Budhi]: 65-66 in Osada 2010; Shrestha 2019 [first water, over Thakur and his servant Jahereda; Malinburi lived under water; T. told her to make two human figures; she sculpted them out of clay, brought it to the bottom of the sea, put it to dry in the sun; a horse flew in Sinsadom broke the figures with flaps of his wings; M. made new figures, asked T. to revive them; T. sent her for souls, but M. brought not human souls, but bird souls; T. breathed life into them and they flew to the sky; these are the first swans, Hans and Hansini; they have no place to sit, there is water everywhere; they asked T. to give them a habitat; Solehako fish, Katcom cancer and the Lenden worm lived in the water; S. and K. could not raise the ground ; L. began to throw bits of earth to the surface, but they sank again to the bottom; T. called Kachik the turtle, told it to lie motionless on the water; L. began to throw the earth on the turtle shell, formed island; T. grew a Kadam tree and Syrom grass there; Hansa and Hansini built a nest of grass; Hansiner laid two eggs, the beast ate them to Raghopab; T. sent his servant J. to guard the eggs; they hatched boy and girl; children grew up, T. created a cow and two calves for them; taught the young man how to plow and plow the land, he started farming; Maranburu (big mountain) was the guardian of a boy with a girl; taught them make an intoxicating drink; they got drunk and got together; M. told them not to worry, let them be husband and wife; they have 7 sons and 7 daughters; they quarreled and began to live in different places; the father took them with him sons, and the mother of daughters; girls and boys met, began to live in pairs; their parents also reconciled and came to live with them; 7 clans went from 7 brothers and sisters]: 567-570; bondo [pregnant Olenikha hears Belka telling her son that there will be a flood; afraid of a man at a watering hole; her son reminds her from the womb that there will still be a flood; man hears, asks Olenikha to explain what is going on; from the womb The deer told Mahaprabhu to place the children in the pumpkin; the rain flooded the ground with a flood; M. wanted to know if there were any people left; collected dirt from the body, made the Crow, threw a tree trunk into the water so that she could sit down; opened the crab, there was no land, found soil in the worm's stomach; the pumpkin settled on the ground, brother and sister came out; M. gave them smallpox, they did not recognize each other, got married; M. gave the girl a remedy What caused her period]: Elwin 1950:136-137; Tamils [when 7 sons have grown up, the father asks how they are going to help the family; starting with the eldest; harvest and sell firewood like a father; grind rice like a mother; fish; herd goats; herd oxen; sculpt and sell cow cakes; younger: marry the 7 heavenly maidens of Cannimar and provide for them all, as well as you; his father kicked him out furiously ; he settled in the mountains with an old woman; 7 maidens came down from the sky to swim, he grabbed his robe alone and rushed to the house; 7 maidens tell the old woman to unlock; she turned the young man into a five-year-old child and sings to him a lullaby; the maidens did not find the young man, left without clothes and had to be left; began to play panti with the young man; he lost the second game and fell asleep, she took her robe and returned to her sisters; the old woman young man: Before you go in search, make a fire in the hole and burn me; he did so; reached the sky; says the Raja in the golden throne room that he has come for the bride; the Raja tells 4 in the morning 1) harness 7 pairs of oxen, plow the field 7 times, sow 12 bushels of sesame seeds, harvest and bring them to the bins; 2) fill a deep well to the brim; 3) bring lots from the lake, where snakes are teeming, and tigers and lions are around; the young man plowed the field and sowed sesame, and then asked Shiva and Parvati to tell the ants to complete the first assignment; after that, the Raja ceded the throne to the young man for 7 days; on the eighth he filled the well, turning to the frogs; the third performed, asking for help from the 4 turtles on which the world rests; the young man got a wife; the Raja sent him to earth on a magic horse with gifts; the young man and wife fell asleep and woke up in a luxurious palace; that old woman (came to life and) grazed oxen, he called her to him; his parents and brothers too]: Blackburn 2005, No. 31.
Malaysia-Indonesia. Semangi (batek) [a horned snake turtle swam to the surface in the middle of the ocean; a piece of land or celestial worm excrement fell on its back from the sky, and the snake turtle itself or descended from the bird carrier knocked the sea foam into a ball; the substance extracted from the sky and the sea became Earth on the back of the snake turtle}: Endicott 1979:33-34; Malays [the earth rests on buffalo horns; when one horn gets tired, the buffalo throws its load less than in the western and eastern United States, and the other, an earthquake occurs; the buffalo itself is on an island in the middle of the sea, on a turtle or on a Nun fish]: Skeat, Blagden 1900:5-6; Bali: Covarrubias 1956 [at first emptiness; through the meditation of the world's serpent, Antaboga created the foundation of the world - the Bedawang turtle with two snakes curled up on it; at the world The turtle lies Black Stone; this is the lower world, there is the god Batara Kala, the goddess Setesuyara, the serpent Basuki; Kala created light and Mother Earth; above it is a layer of water; above it is a layer of clay, it has dried up, forming earth and mountains; above the layers of the sky, each with its own deities]: 6-7; Parnickel 1983 [the turtle and the world serpent serve as the support of the earth and the throne of the sun god]: 268.
China - Korea. Ancient China [the spirit of water Gungong was defeated by his father, the spirit of fire Zhuong; wanting to commit suicide, G. beats his head against the western mountain of Buzhou, which served as a support for the sky; the top of the mountain breaks off, the sky leans to the west; part of the sky has fallen off, a world fire and a flood have broken out; Nuiva melted stones of five colors, filled a hole in the sky; this is explained the difference in the shades of the sky; N. cut off four legs from the turtle, used them as supports under the sky; the sky remained leaning to the west, the stars roll to the other side; the earth squinted to the east, rivers flow there]: Yuan Ke 1987, ch. 2:51-52; Chinese (Jiangsu): Zhou Yang et al. 1998, No. 3 (y. Hai'an) [many have heard that Mother Nuiwa patched the sky with molten stones; in fact, she melted ice and patched the sky not only in the northwest; when Pangu separated the sky from the ground, there were no pieces it was enough in the northwest and southeast; N. at first saw only a part of the sky from the NW and said: "Wrong! If there are holes in the sky, it could collapse. How will the people live then?" She came up with the idea of melting ice; ice is better than stones: when the sun shines on it, it shimmers in different colors; Matushka N. melted the five-color ice and patched the sky in the NW with it, and it became the same as everywhere; after that, Matushka N. turned around and saw that a piece of sky was also missing in SE; she had a kerchief on her head and patched the sky in the southeast with it; so the wind was cold and SE was warm: the sky the NW is made of ice, and from there it blows cold; the sky in SE is from Mother N.'s kerchief, and she keeps her warm and perspiration], 3 (y. Donghai) [Jiang Ziya (CC) was the youngest of 12 students; he defended Jie, but then went west and defended Wen Wen Wang; V. the state was called Zhou, and his last name was Ji, and his name was Wen-wang Ji Chan; he had one hundred sons, and Lei Zhenzu was one of them; ZC arrived in Xiqi and went to the Fishing Terrace (Diaoyutai) to fish; his hook was straight and only frightened the fish; that day he went to lunch, his wife came to replace him, saw that the hook was straight and bent it; he came back, continued fishing and caught a northwestern turtle; it is said that the 4 corners of the sky hold 4 feet turtles; when the turtle was caught, the sky fell on the NW; when the CC saw it, he let the turtle go back into the water, but it could not raise the NW sky to its previous height; then they began to say that Nuiva when she saw that the sky had collapsed, she melted stones to cover the sky; but she realized that it would take a long time to melt the stones, so she took a piece of ice from the NW river and patched it up the sky in the NW; how the wind will blow NW, it immediately gets cold]: 4, 5; Chinese (Sichuan): Zhou Yang et al. 1998, No. 4 (y. Baxian) [Gungong fought for supreme rule with Yellow Lord Zhuanxu's grandson, was defeated, angry, and hit Mount Buzhou with all nine heads, knocking it over; this mountain was one of four pillars of heaven and supported the sky in the west; when it capsized, the sky became covered with holes and tilted to the west; the waters of the Heavenly River began to flow through the holes and the flood began; people and the animals began to flee to the high mountains; Mother Nuiva saw this in the sky and decided to patch the sky; went to the East Sea and caught a huge turtle there, cut off its leg, and supported the sky in the west with it; collected colored stones in all parts of the world, borrowed Lao Jun's Furnace of Eight Trigrams, melted the stones 49 days to liquid, and patched the sky with them; then it became bright, even more beautiful, than before], 5 [After Nuiva melted the five-color stones and patched the sky with them, she saw that it was still wobbling, was afraid that it would fall again, found a giant turtle, cut it off its paws and the sky supported them; the turtle's paws were of different lengths, the sky and earth warped; the leg that supported the sky to the NW was shorter, and people can still see that the sky was tilted northwest]: 25, 26; Chinese (Sichuan, Wu. Gongxian) [In ancient times, there was a huge tree in the east, on which a thick branch grew westward, and people called this tree Xingfu (apricot support); in the west, there was also a huge tree, And it also grew a thick branch, but directed to the east, and people named this tree Shensan (divine mulberry). The branches of these trees intertwined to form a bridge, and every morning the sun rose from the foot of Xingfu, crossed the bridge, and went underground at the foot of Shensan in the evening. There was a huge turtle underground, which carried the sun on its back from Shensan back to Xingfu every night through the underworld. This is how day and night alternated. One day, the turtle got drunk and fell asleep, so the sun did not have time to rise in the east. The turtle slept for several decades, and all this time the earth was dark. One day, a loud sound suddenly rang in the east, thunder began, lightning flashed, a hurricane and a downpour began, the mountains began to collapse, the ground cracked, and the flood began. The land was covered with water and all people, livestock and crops were under water. Brother and sister, named Fusi and Nuiva, lived. When the flood began, they climbed the Xingfu tree, and when the flood receded, it turned out that they were the only two of them left on earth. The brother said that if they died, humanity would cease to exist and invited his sister to marry, but she refused. After much persuasion, the sister decided to put up a test: her brother with a thread would stand on the top of the east mountain, and she with a needle would stand on top of the western mountain, and if his thread was threaded through her needle, they would become husband and wife. So they did, and it was a success. However, the sister still refused and invited her brother to stand again on the top of the two mountains and roll down the stone millstones: if they joined below, they would become husband and wife. The case was successful again, and as a result they became husband and wife. Nuiva soon gave birth to a lump of meat. They divided it into many pieces and scattered it on the ground, and the next morning people appeared everywhere. People, made from pieces hanging on peach branches, began to bear the name Tao (peach), and from the plum that hung on the branches, Lee (plum). There were more and more people, but there was still no sun, it was still dark and people could not farm. Then Nuiwa, standing in the Xingfu tree, told her children to ask the rooster to call for the sun. The rooster stood at the top of the eastern mountain, and turned east and screamed. The turtle woke up and quickly blown the sun from the foot of the Shensan tree. When the rooster screamed for the third time, she had already brought it to the Xingfu tree so that it could ascend. Since then, day and night have reappeared on earth, and all living things have flourished. People began to prosper, and the rooster has been calling the sun every morning ever since]: Zhou Yang et al. 1998b, No. 28:51-52; Chinese (Shanxi, Wu. Pingding) [Lord Yan-di died, his descendants Gong-gong and Chuan-xu began to fight for power; Gong was defeated, hit his head against Mount Buzhou, knocking over the pillars supporting the sky; the sky collapsed in the NW, the sun and moon stopped shining, the rivers overflowed, the Jade Lord sent Nuiwu to earth to patch the sky with molten stones; N. smelted two mountains of stones; to make the supports of the sky, went to the sea ; at this time, the jug she had forgotten continued to burn, broke, half fell into the gorges; N. defeated the sea turtle, cut off its paws, made the supports of the sky, patched it up with five-colored stones, but not one it was enough, because when the jug burst, one stone flew off; N. sighed, exhaled blue air, so the sky was blue]: Zhou Yang et al. 1999, No. 2:4-5; Chinese (Henan, wu. Anyang) [In ancient times, the sky stood on five pillars, each holding its own turtle. One day, the water in the seas dried up, the turtles in the four corners were left without water, became angry, began to spin, and the pillars supporting the sky collapsed. Nuiva sent a heavenly spirit to cut off these turtles' legs and prop up the sky with them. However, holes remained in the sky, and through them black mist descended from the sky, causing people to die. Nuiva and his heavenly army used three hundred and sixty methods, patched the sky for three hundred and sixty years, but never finished. Eventually, the spirit of Venus suggested taking stones from Venus, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, and Saturn, melting them and patching the sky with them. Nuiva went to the center, where the sky did not collapse, made a fire there, melted the stones and began to patch the sky with them. Because there were not enough five-color stones, a hole remained in the northwest corner, and Nuiva covered it with a piece of ice, so the northwest wind is cold and sometimes brings black clouds and hail with it. Nuiva finished patching up the sky, was very tired and began to look for a place to relax. She didn't like it anywhere, and as a result, she settled in a place where she melted five-colored stones. The slag left after Nuiva melted the stones turned into a mountain that kept warm. It was reaching the sky, and the Jade Lord sent thirteen dragons to cool it down. The dragons were icy, and when they got down to the mountain, it immediately cooled down. Even during the hottest summer, this place is cool, which is why people nicknamed it "Cool Mountain" (Qingliangshan)]: Zhou Yang et al. 2001b, No. 10:17-18.
The Balkans. Bulgarians [the ground rests on a turtle; if it moves, earthquakes occur]: Stoynev 2006:165.
Central Europe. Belarusians: Belova et al. 2019 (Brest) [the turtle is the support on which the earth rests]: 437; Sudnik, Tsivyan 1982 (Velikiy Bor, Khoiniki District, Gomel Oblast) [the earth rested on a frog ; God (to strengthen her support) added a shell to her (Yana bula bu, boo toad. God nakin h apan)]: 146.
Caucasus - Asia Minor. Kalmyks: Basayev 2004, No. 6 [(zap. E.K. Lidzhiev from his mother); Tengir Khan proposed to create land; Burkhan-Bakshi turned one khubilgan into a turtle, let her into the ocean, shot it, she turned her paws up, created her stomach Earth; Esrin Khan and Tengri Khan descended to it, sent to heaven the moon in silver and the Sun on a golden chariot; Tengir Khan found and took a jug of arza, and Esrin Khan found and took a jug of arza, and Esrin Khan with a living arshan water; the manjik stole it, replacing it with a jug of arza; the holy water brought by Manjik for Tengir Khan was secretly drunk by the double-headed Arakha, urinating in a jug, and ran; Ochir-Vani-Geghyan went to look for him; The sun nodded towards A., the Moon pointed directly at him; A. cut A. in two with a scepter, attached one half to the Moon's chariot, the other to the Sun; A. said he would torment the moon every three months, and The sun - every three years (eclipses)], 13 [The earth rests on the frog, when it croaks, the earth shakes; there are two towers on the ground; when the hero sleeps in the west, the wind blows from there, and when in the east, from east]: 35-37, 47; Krappe 1938 [there is a huge turtle at the bottom of the sea; when it gets hot, it moves, shaking the ground; at the end of time, the sun will dry the earth altogether, the turtle will turn over, the world will end] : 192-193; Karachays: Karaketov 1995:17 [Dragon and Fish lived in the ocean of ice; Tagyr-Kyachi's highest spirit (Tagyr-Kyachi did the authors of the early 19th century?) went down, slipped on the ice, fell on both hands; the right one melted the ice, became the Aji-Kush bird, the left became the Biji-Kush bird; AK defecated to the surface of the Dragon, from excrement Earth arose, and rivers arose from the wing feathers; the fish ate the excrement of BC, spewed it to the sea surface, from which Kara-Jackie and Emegenes appeared (teratological creatures, see Karajek. motive I51); k. were expelled under the ice, and e. continued to rule the earth until two birds born from the Tamlynyk egg (or Tashchy Katyn; "Stone Woman" came, meaning Tamlun turtle); one was black and the other was red (these are Hummai and Gummai birds, aka Ala-Kaaz and Kara-Kaz, or Ala-Kaz and Boz-Kaz, see motif C6 ("diver")], 74-75 (and apparently Balkarians) [the world is covered with water; on the water lies a huge monster that looks like a snake; two Erreity (Erre) twin brothers, Teiri and Choppaw, live on its back (Choppey) -Tairi; a mountain begins near their home, the top of which is at the back of the head of a snake (jelke); in the middle of the mountain there is a cave, a crow flew out of it, and the brothers quarreled over the golden bowl and knife; bowl and knife (sword?) the snake fell off the crown; the struggle over objects has been going on for 999 years; Thu, grabbing a knife, sticks it into the crown of ET, from which a white liquid flows out that covers the entire sea; the wounded ET goes into the cave; The raven, grabbing the bowl, he decided to carry it away, but, catching on the mountain, he misses it into the sea; the bowl melts, turns into a monster that looks like a turtle; the turtle laid an egg because (explains the narrator) that THU hit it; a tree has grown on its shell; the egg is snatched by a raven, but when it catches on the crown of the tree, it misses it; the egg breaks against the turtle shell, leaving it 19,000 souls; ET sometimes comes out of the cave in guise snake; glaciers appeared from the egg film; in the conspiracies and spells of snakes, it is called Er-Jilan, whose habitat is the underworld].
Southern Siberia - Mongolia. Altaians [Altai paper calendar; there is an orange frog in the center, there is a wide light blue stripe around the sea, two fish (apparently pike) swim in it; apparently, fish and a frog support the ground; the land itself is depicted as green, red, orange and yellow stripes surrounding the ocean]: Ivanov 1954:628-629, Figure 72; Baraba Tatars [the shamanic tambourine is identical to tambourines Altai-Kizhi and Telengits; another tambourine is of the Shor type, which was known to the Kachins, Sagais, Beltirs, Shors, Teleuts, Kumandins; in all cases in the middle of the lower field depict fantastic creatures like dutpa ("swallower"), aka ker-balik ("great fish") and frog; most similar to the Teleuts]: Diószegi 1978:101-110, 123; Tuvans [the ground lies on the Frog; when it moves, the earth will fall; once it moved, the sea flooded the earth with a flood; an old man made an iron-bound raft in advance, escaped with a few people]: Potanin 1883, No. 42g: 208; Baikal Buryats: Gomboev 1890, No. 12 [the land stands on a mykhley animal shaped like a turtle; when it gets tired and shudders, the earth fluctuates] : 72; Sharakshinova 1980 [1) (according to Zhamtsarano, hand.) the world was created by a thousand heavenly burkhans; in search of land, the Swan flew through the air, and the Raven was under water; they saw the Golden Turtle, which was in its paws held the ground; Huhudei Mergen was told that he shot the Turtle, which overturned, formed a firmament on which the earth and vegetation were created; a thousand heavenly Burkhans basked in Ulgen on the ground and Under in the sky; Arhan Shuther began to ask for a part of the land with a thin vine; stuck the vine into the ground, mosquitoes, flies, gnats and other harmful ones began to crawl out of the hole insects; 2) the earth was created by God on the four legs of the Golden Turtle, which lies on its back and supports our land]: 25; Trans-Baikal Buryats (Aginsky, Nerchinsky District, Art. Razmakhninskaya) [there used to be only water and only a frog looked into it; God turned the frog with his belly up and built a universe on it; on each paw he created a separate type (dvipa); Zampu-tip (Jambu-dwipa) placed one of his paws; on the frog's navel he erected Mount Sumbur-Agula; at the top of this mountain is the North Star, Altan-Gatasun {letters. 'golden call'}]: Gomboev 1890:140; Mongols: Neklyudov 1982a [according to cosmogonic stories dating back to the myth of Vishnu, the demiurge turns on his back floating in the oceans a giant turtle (or frog) and puts on it the land it has just created (or turns into a turtle himself)]: 173; Potanin 1883, No. 46b [(recorded by your missionary. Postnikov from Khalkhas); water was everywhere, the Ochurmans lived in the sky; decided to make land, looked for a friend, found Chagan-Shukuta; both went down to the water; the Frog that noticed them dived; O. sent ChSH find it in the water; he took out the Frog, put it belly up on the water; O. sat on it, told ChSH to dive, get the ground; he brought an armful of liquid earth from the bottom, said O., If it weren't for me, you wouldn't get it land; the earth immediately fell out of his hands, fell into the water; O. told him to dive again, take the land and carry it on his behalf; O. poured the land he had brought onto the Frog, the earth began to grow, both sat on it, fell asleep; Shulmus grabbed them to throw them into the water, but the earth grew faster than he ran to its edge; he left them; O. and ChS made a man, went looking for a soul, left the dog as a guard; promised find hair for the dog; The devil gave it wool, fed it, lit yarn, blew smoke into the man's nose, reviving him; O. and ChSH put a cup of water; on whoever side he would grow up in the cup, rule the earth; Sh. he also asked for land, got as much as at the end of his stick; stuck worms, snakes, reptiles in the ground, crawled out; the flower grew from O.'s side, but he dozed off and ChSH put it on his edge; O. said that now both people and animals will steal and enmity; he has gone to heaven; he is a real god, and Ulgen was invented by the kams (shamans)]: 220-223; Skorodumova 2003 [there were water and air, Buddha Ochirvani was in the sky; he decided to create the earth, found Tsagan Schuhert's assistant White Umbrella; told him to turn a turtle swimming in the water over his stomach, dive, bring it from the bottom of the earth, think about it (O.), sat on the turtle himself; grabbed the ground, but felt that something was interfering; thought that O. should take the land; immediately a handful was filled with earth, the CSH surfaced; poured the earth onto the turtle's stomach, earth appeared instead of the turtle; both the celestial fell asleep; Shulmas went to the edge of the island to drown them, but as he ran to the edge, the earth expanded; O. and the CSH sculpted the people, O. ordered the CSH to make a guard, who sculpted the dog, Oh . and the CSH went for intelligence for man and hair for the dog; Damn gave the dog hair, said that it would be fed by its owner, a man; he lit a thread in front of the man's nose, he came to life from the smoke; O. and the CS argued which they should rule by living beings; decided who would have a flower in a cup of water first; O., but the CS put it in his cup; O. said that now people would deceive each other, flew to heaven] : 35-37; Sharakshinova 1980 [The turtle was going from north to south; the hero shot at it; the arrow pierced it through and got stuck in the body; the turtle capsized and gave off its breath; on the left side The turtle's body was sticking out the wooden feathered end of the arrow, forming a forest from it; an iron arrowhead protruded on the right side; the side where it was directed was called the Iron Side ( tumer zug); when the Turtle died, the liquid that formed the sea poured out of it, this side was called the North Water Side; flame was burning from its mouth, this side was nicknamed the South Fire Side; lumps of earth were clamped in the Turtle's four legs, which formed a firmament with vegetation]: 26; Nassen-Bayer, Stuart 1992 (Inner Mongolia?) [Shakyamuni Buddha flies over the ocean, sees a golden frog swimming from north to south, shoots, an arrow hits a frog from the east, turning it north; fire blazed from the frog's mouth, water gushed out of his ass; B . threw gold sand at it, earth appeared; the arrow shaft protruding from the east became a forest, the tip protruding from the west became metal deposits; the north became connected to fire, the south to water; so the earth consists of five elements: fire, wood, metal, water, sand; earthquakes occur when a frog moves its paws or head]: 327-328; oirats (durbuts) [Maji Shiri turned to the frog, lay down on belly, stretched out his arms and approved the land he had created on his belly; if one finger of a frog moves, an earthquake occurs]: Potanin 1883, No. 46e: 224-225; the Mongols (Urga) [created the earth Burhan Shagji-Tubi; he threw a pinch of land he had brought from the sky into the ocean; a pinch grew to form land; grass and animals appeared on it; S. brought man to it; people gradually degenerate; they will live seven years as tall as an elbow, horses will be the size of a hare; then there will be 3 suns, everything will be burned, mountains will remain; lead rain will level them, sand will remain; then two whales and a frog on which the earth stands will be released; Maidari will create a new land by placing it on the same whales and a frog]: Benningsen 1912:13-14; the Mongors [first one water, God cannot find not a piece of land; saw a golden frog swimming; snatched a handful of earth out of the air, put it on its back; the frog went under water, the ground was washed away; when the frog surfaced again, God shot, the arrow pierced it, the frog turned over on its back, pressed the ground with its paws to its stomach; this is how land and five elements were formed: metal, wood, water, fire, earth; because God shot from the east, it turned out to be on this side tree (arrow shaft); the frog had its head south, spewed fire from its mouth, so the south was fire; the metal tip was in the west - there were metals; the frog peed itself, so the north was water]: Stuart, Limusishiden 1994:41.
Eastern Siberia. Baikal Evenks [the idea of the earth as a tetrahedral body supported by four stands, frogs or turtles (call list. MAE, No. 1879), came to Transbaikalia from its southern neighbors and reindeer herders brought it to the origins of Vilyui and to the west]: Vasilevich 1969:210; equestrian Evenks of the Nerchi-Chita district [the creator's assistant was a frog; she carried the earth in her paws to the surface of the water, but the creator's evil brother (later, a heavenly shaman) shot her; she turned over, and since then she has paws to support our land among water area]: Vasilevich 1969:214-215; Evenks (the group is not specified; judging by the Buddhist context, Trans-Baikal) [from the anonymous manuscript "On the Tungus in General", stored in the National Library of Russia and dating back to at the end of the 18th century: "This faith, the Tungus believe that instead of [A] tlant of the ancient Greeks, a frog carrying our ball and, describing the power of the Almighty Creator, lament a favorite or pleaser close to him, called by them honey the noise of the body garden, which they ask for intercession for them, being sure that the creator always hears his request"]: Titova 1994:374; Evenki Orochons [there were water and sky, a snake lived in the water and frog; the sun was shining in the sky, the moon, the star Cholbon (Venus), the enekan buga; the snake was old, tired and cold in the water; asked the frog to get land, strengthen it on the water so that the snake could rest and bask in the sun; the frog dived, took out the ground; when it began to strengthen it, the earth began to sink; at this time a snake swam, the Frog was afraid that the snake would scold her for her helplessness, turned over, began to support the ground with her paws; she has remained so far]: Mazin 1984:19-20.
The Midwest. Western Ojibwa (chippewa) [someone comes to the young man at night; he stains his mistress's thigh with something; in the morning his sister is sitting on the ground; he wants her dress to catch fire; the girl jumps up, he sees his mark; if he wishes, his sister falls through the ground; falls on a Turtle in the middle of the sea; gives birth to a daughter, the Turtle marries her; she gives birth to twins Flint and Venetian; Flint kills mother at birth, W. kills Flint; in Jones 1917, 1919, pt. 1:431: Grandma V. is Mother Earth; often referred to as the Toad Woman]: Barnouw 1977, No. 5:73-74.
Northeast. The earth rests on the turtle's back. See motif B1; for a complete list of sources from 25 versions of the Huron and Iroquois myth, see Fenton 1962. Hurons [1) in the sky, Aataensic sees a bear, followed by a dog chasing him into a hole; then falls into the water, the water dries up; var.: A sick husband A. dreams that a tree must be cut down, with whom people got their food; A. begins to cut down, the tree immediately falls through, A. falls after him; down into the sea, the Turtle puts his back in; sends Beaver, he brings it from the bottom of the earth, she growing up; A. was pregnant, gave birth to a daughter, who soon gave birth to twins Tawiscaron and Iouskeha; they began to fight; T. beat his brother with rose hips, and I. with a moose horn, killed him, flints appeared from his blood; A. - Moon, I. - Sun; 2) (p.43); at first there is water everywhere, there is only a tiny island; the man asks Lisa to dive, she is afraid, he throws it into the water; asks "a small animal like a marten" to dive (Muskrat, Mink?) ; the sea turns out to be shallow, the Muskrat hits the bottom, brings land, man creates land]: Brébeuf in Greer 2002:42-44; hurons [woman falls from the sky into the primary ocean; animals and birds they dive to get the earth from the bottom; the toad brings silt in her mouth; the earth grows]: Barbeau 1960, No. 1 [sister lives in heaven with her brothers; plucks all the cobs from their corn at once; for this they throw it down through a hole in the sky; first Geese, then the Turtle support the woman; she sprinkles silt on the Turtle, creating land; finds two twins, good and evil]: 4; Connelley 1899 [daughter of a heavenly leader fell ill; my father told me to dig a huge tree to collect medicine from its roots; a tree and a woman fall into the abyss; two Geese (Swans?) they pick it up; the Little Turtle sprinkles the ground along the edge of the Big Turtle's shell; when it moves, earthquakes occur; a woman comes to her grandmother; she has two twins, Fire and Flint]: 120-123; Hale 1888 [husband throws his pregnant wife to the ground; Loons pick her up in the air, put her on the Turtle's back; she tells the animals to dive; Beaver, Muskrat, Dive can't reach the bottom, some they pop up dead; when the Toad pops up, the Turtle finds some clay in her mouth, gives the woman, who puts clay on the Turtle's shell, the earth grows, the Turtle has been supporting the ground ever since; the twins in The woman's womb is arguing how to be born; the good Tijuskeha (Ioskeha of French sources; "good", "savior") is born normally, the evil Tawiskarong ("flint") comes out of the mother's side, killing her; she is buried; a pumpkin has grown from her head, corn from her breasts, beans and other cultivated plants from her arms and legs; makes snakes, predators, huge mosquitoes, a huge toad that has drunk all the water on the ground; good makes harmless and useful animals; the partridge flies to Taviskarong in search of water; Tijuskeha follows her, rips the Toad's belly, the water pours out; he reduces evil creatures in size; the kind says that he can only be killed with a bag of corn and beans; evil - that he can only be killed with a deer horn; the first to hit the evil, but the good comes to life, kills the evil with the horn; he goes west, becomes the master of the dead ; the good wanted the rivers to flow in both directions, the evil one demanded that only one way]: 180-183; oneida: James Dean (1770s?) in Elm, Antone 2000:157-162 [in a country in heaven, a man asks to dig a tree with flowers of light, pushes his pregnant wife into a hole, explains that she was unfaithful; there is water below; only the Turtle can support the ground; Mink dives, pops up dead with the ground on its paws and muzzle; Loon lays the ground on the Turtle, the earth grows; a woman gives birth to a daughter; animal people marry her; the mother agrees to Turtle proposal; husband puts two arrows crossed on his wife's belly with flint and bark tips; two boys quarrel in the womb; younger Tan-lon-ghi-au-wan-goon (hereinafter T., good) wants to go out normally, the elder Than-Wisk-a-Law (hereinafter Th.) - through the mother's side; as a result, she dies; the grandmother kills her grandchildren, throws them into the sea; they come back; the grandmother divides her daughter's corpse in half, throws up; the top turns into the sun, the bottom turns into the moon; Th. has his father's flint, he kills game with it; the grandmother loves him; the old man gives T. corn; says he must kill an evil brother whose body is flint, otherwise people will not be able to live on earth; T. pretends to be afraid of beech branches and reeds; Th. replies that he is afraid of flints and deer antlers; defeated, runs away, creating ravines and mountains, turns into Rocky Mountains; an evil grandmother tries to destroy people with a flood, snow; brings them all the disasters that people are currently suffering from], Frederick Waugh (West 1912-1917) in Elm, Antone 2000:164-168 [brother and sister lives in heaven; sister gets pregnant, people believe it is from a brother; he uproots a tree with glowing flowers, pushing his sister into a hole; water below; The turtle agrees to maintain the ground; Mink dives, pops up dead with the ground on her legs and muzzle; Loon puts the ground on the Turtle, the earth grows; a woman gives birth to a daughter; a stranger takes her as his wife; puts two arrows on her stomach crosswise - with a blunt and with a sharp end; disappears; two boys quarrel in the womb; Talohiavago wants to go out normally, Daviesgal through her mother's side; as a result, she dies; grandmother kills grandchildren, throws them in lake; they come back in the morning; they race to her; T. would have won, but his grandmother does not love him, let D. grab herself; their mother would have risen from the grave ten days later, but D. broke her head with an ax; the old man gives E. corn, T. exchanges flint from his brother for it; T. sees D. picking up a stone, killing a bear coming out of the ground; T. releases game, scatters it on the ground; D. replies that most of all He is afraid of tree buds; he says he is afraid of deer antlers; T. makes the river flow in two directions, D. spoils creation; brothers fight as long as they have only bones left; T. promises to return at the end times]; Seneca: Converse 1908 in Turner 1978 [A Great Chief pulls a tree in the sky, sends a pregnant woman down; birds pick her up without letting her fall into the sea; Beaver dives to get the ground from the bottom , disappears; Duck pops up dead; Muskrat brings clay on its paw; clay is placed on the Turtle, the earth grows; when the Turtle moves, earthquakes occur; a woman gives birth to twins; an evil one goes out under her arm; she dies giving birth to a good man]: 36-38; Cornplanter 1938, No. 1-2 [in heaven, the leader thinks his wife is pregnant with the Blue Puma or the Fire Dragon (=Meteor); pulls out the Tree of Light, drops off the Light Tree, drops the wife into the resulting hole, throws characters who turn into cultivated plants and animals on the ground; birds catch a falling woman; everyone dives to get the ground from the bottom; brings the land in the mouth of the Muskrat; the turtle puts her back; the woman throws the earth around, the earth grows; the woman gives birth to a daughter; a stranger hangs two arrows over the girl, one of them with a flinttip; a girl gives birth to twins; one of them kills a mother when she is born through her armpit]: 19-26; Curtin, Hewitt 1918, No. 74 [in heaven, a woman is instructed in a dream to dig a tree with flowers of light; people dig it up, it falls into the abyss; the chief tells the woman to leave after her; Loon tells the Osprey to pick her up; rejects the Horned Serpent's offer to take care of a woman; the Turtle is chosen for this role; animals and birds they dive to get the ground, pop up dead; Hell-diver brings some land; they put it on the Turtle, Beavers and Ducks make the earth big; a woman gives birth to a daughter; she gets pregnant by a person who turns out to be A turtle; gives birth to twins; one comes out of her armpit, killing his mother; his head is flint]: 409-415; Hewitt 1903 [heavenly leader suspects his wife of infidelity, pushes her into the abyss with her little one daughter; she falls on the Turtle; sprinkles the earth she holds on the shell, the earth grows; her daughter is pregnant with the Wind; gives birth to twins; the youngest, Warty, goes through her mother's navel, killing her; The elder comes to his father Wind; he invites him to run around the earth with his two other sons; then gives him a bag with all the animals; the grandmother secretly eats corn, which he hides among his things; the grandson spies, finds an ear, cooks porridge; brings a beaver from hunting; the grandmother splashes blood between his legs, says that he is now menstruating; he splashes blood on his grandmother's feet; says that women will not have menstruation, but men; grandson: let the menstrual period last as many days as the spots on the deer's skin; grandmother: as many stripes on the back of the chipmunk (four); he Agrees]: 221-254; onondaga [like Seneca; the Chief's wife becomes pregnant from his breath before she can get along with him; Ducks pick up a falling woman; many cannot reach the ground from the bottom; Muskrat pops up dead with the ground in its mouth; only the Turtle, but not the Otter, can bear the weight of the earth; the earth grows]: Hewitt 1903:141-182; 1928 [The beaver finds clay in the Muskrat's mouth; cannot bear the weight of the earth; Fox, Raccoon come to marry Heavenly Woman's daughter, rejected]: 470-486; mohawks: Hewitt 1903 [like Onondag in Hewitt 1903; man hangs an arrowhead over a woman's bed; after that she gives birth to Flint and Maple Escape; a woman's mother makes the moon out of her head, the sun out of her daughter's body; Escape lies that he will be killed by sedge or grass (cattails); Flint says yellow flints and reindeer rolls; brothers fight; Flint killed, turns into a mountain range]: 255-339; Rustige 1988 [a man dies in the world in heaven for the first time; a girl whose father is unknown goes to his remains; after her they watch, hear her call the deceased father; he tells her to go to the leader at the end of the world; the leader likes how she cooks porridge, he marries her, sends her home for a while; as a result, she falls from above corn; the woman becomes pregnant, the leader falls ill; tells the tree to be uprooted, asks his wife to look down, pushes her, recovers immediately; ducks pick up the falling one, put it on the turtle's back; a woman asks animals to dive; Beaver, Otter emerge dead, Muskrat brings silt under her claw; while a woman sleeps, earth emerges from it; a woman gives birth to a daughter; a man comes at night, leaves about girls have an arrow; she conceives twins; good brother Rostock is born normally, evil Flint comes out of the mother's side, killing her; proves to her grandmother that it was Rostock who killed her daughter, she throws Sprout into willow thickets; Flint and grandmother hide animals; Sprout finds and opens the door in the rock; monsters are still in the rock; Flint and grandmother hide the sun on the tree on the island; Beaver, Spider, Rabbit, The hawk does not go to take the Otter Talker with them; they take out the sun, the Rabbit runs away with him, the shine has whitewashed his belly hair; the otter talker is hit with an oar, his jaw is short; the sun is thrown into the sky; Flint and Rostock fight to create irregularities in the landscape; Flint is thrown into the lower world, creating evil spirits; Grandma Rostock cuts off her head, makes it a moon]: 3-18; Tuscarora: Cusick 1827 [ a woman in the upper world is ready to give birth to twins; at this time she falls down; sea monsters pull some land from the bottom, put it on a turtle; when a woman lands on it, the land begins to grow; the good son Enigorio (E.) is born normally, the evil Enigonhahethea (EH) is born through his mother's side, killing her; E. turns his mother's head into the sun, the body into the moon; creates plants, animals, people, it turns out to be monkeys; E. lies that he can be killed with reeds; EH replies that he can be killed with a deer horn; brothers fight, E. kills OH, he falls into the ground, becomes an evil spirit] in Leland 1968:24 in Beauchamp 1922:8-11; Rudes, Crouse 1987 [in the upper world, a sister got together with a brother, gave birth to a girl; brother died, people in heaven had never died before; put in a coffin; girl stops crying when she comes to father's coffin; talks to her father; he sends her south to marry the chief; he tells the woman who comes to undress, cook porridge, not show that she is in pain when hot spray burns her body; cougars lick her with rough tongues to blood; the chief spends three nights with her, sends her back to tell her people that corn will fall from the sky at night; they remove roofs, the barns are filled with corn; the woman returns to to the chief; he feels unwell; tells him to dig a tree with the flowers of light, pushes his wife down; then he is healthy again, tells him to put the tree of light back in its original place; below there is water, birds and animals At first they think that a woman comes up from below; a duck sees her falling from the sky; only a Turtle can support the earth; only a Beaver brings earth from the bottom in her mouth and paws (the manuscript breaks off)]: 18-36; Delaware: Bierhorst 1995, No. 2 [collected 1679; there was only water; the turtle raised its back, the ground dried out; a tree grew in the middle of it; the first man came out of its roots; the first woman from the top of its head, when she leaned to the ground], 9th [meeting in the 18th century; the survivors of the flood gathered on the back of the Turtles; they ask the Loon to reach the ground; he does not dive to the bottom, flies away, returns with the ground in its beak; indicates A turtle, where to swim; people land on the ground], 30 [there was a sun-like object in the sky called a cornstalk; there was a woman with a child, she fell ill; thought of recovering by pulling out the stem; everything fell into darkness; people threw it with the child into the hole where the stem grew; she was picked up by the Hawks, placed on the Turtle's back; the Loon dived, brought earth from the bottom], 65 [ The Great Spirit created the world, then flooded it with a flood (some Mansi (a Delaware subgroup) say it was Nanapush, but others claim it was an Ojibwa influence); the Great Spirit sent different animals to dive; The muskrat brought land from the bottom, placed it on the Turtle's back, the earth grew], 77 [the earth rests on a huge Turtle; when there was only water everywhere, Muskrat began to create land by placing it on its back To the turtle; then the Beavers added land], 187 [West 1977; the turtle is the "mother of the earth", for it first brought silt from the bottom, from which the Creator made the earth]: 28-29, 30, 34-35, 38, 44, 46, 71-72; Hitakonanu'laxk 1994 [(looks like a summary of versions at different times); the Toad was the mistress of the water; the Toad's battle with the Horned Serpent leads to a flood; Nanapush picks up animals, first climbs a tree, then swims on a raft; Loon, Otter, Beaver emerge dead, N. revives them; Muskrat brings silt in his mouth and paws; N. places it on the Turtle's back, the earth grows; N. sends the Wolf to find out if it's big the earth; he returns at increasing intervals, finally disappears altogether; the first man was born from the roots of a tree, the first woman from the top of her head when she leaned to the ground]: 49-51.
Plains. Dakota (Sioux, band not specified; identification from Dakota in Thompson 2000, No. 92:299) [recorded from members of the secret society; Bubble and Monster are twins, sons of the Turtle; the Monster's body was from stone, he killed his mother at birth; The bubble looked everywhere to kill it; the turtle brought earth in its mouth from under the flood, the aquatic bird a blade of grass; it was put on the Turtle, the earth grew; in some stories instead of the Turtle, Muskrat or Coyote; only the initiates know that the Turtle is earth and we live on its shell]: Meeker 1901:161-163; Mandan: Bowers 1950:348 [A Lonely Man Wants make a powerful tambourine; beaver skins, badger skins, and the shell of an ordinary turtle are not suitable; the main turtle says that the world rests on the backs of four turtles, but OCH can make a tambourine out of bison skin by taking turtle shell as a model], 359 [same, one turtle]; Maximilian in Will, Spinden 1906 [earth is a turtle; Europeans pierced its shell with a knife, it plunged into the water, causing a flood]: 140; arpaho : Dorsey 1903 [After the Flood, the Creator summons anyone who can dive; Ducks, Kingfisher, Crane, and other birds do not reach the bottom; the Creator turns into the Red Duck; he and the Turtle both bring clay from the bottom; The Creator puts it on his pipe, the earth grows; the turtle represents the earth]: 191-199; Dorsey, Kroeber 1903, No. 1 [as in Dorsey 1903; short version], 2 [man, his wife and son swim on a wooden tube; a son wants land; Ducks don't dive to the bottom; a turtle brings clay, man creates land], 3 [as in (2); the earth is in the shape of a turtle]: 1-4; Sheena [Maheo creates sky, salt water, light, waterfowl; tells them to dive and get land from the bottom; Goose, Duck, Loon do not dive; Coot brings silt from the bottom in its beak, puts M. in his hand; he makes a lump, creates land; M. is looking for whose back to approve land; snails, crustaceans, fish are not suitable for this; only Grandmother Turtle is able to hold this weight; this is Mother Earth, she generates plants; from her right and left Ribs M. creates a man and a woman (retelling in Cooper 1996:222)]: Marriott, Rachlin 1968:22-26.
Southeast USA. Shawnee [Creator descends, creates a turtle, places land on it]: Voegelin 1936:8.
California. Screw [water at first; waterfowl do not dive to the bottom; the turtle dives, it is pulled up by a rope; there is some dirt left on its ears and claws; it is made of an island; from islands grow land]: Dubois, Demetracopoulou 1931, No. 4:287; patvin [Falcon, Old Coyote, Turtle from the sky watching the flood; Turtle dives with a rope tied to its leg; emerges; Falcon scrapes off dirt from under her fingernails; puts it on water; the earth dries]: Kroeber 1932a, No. 1:304-305; Maidu: Curtis 1976 (14) [Heavenly Leader (HB) sends the Turtle to the bottom; for the second time she brings under the claws of the ground; HB puts it on the water, the land grows; the Talking Through the Nose (GN) eats a piece of salmon placed in the river; the river dries up; causes not two deer or badgers, but many at once, cannot get none; HB calls salmon from the hollow tree, fills the basket; warns not to eat the first fish; GN eats, calls fish from the next tree, frogs and snakes fall from there; HB puts it side by side two sticks, by morning they turn into a man and a woman; a woman tickles him, he doesn't laugh; GN brings ten sticks, HB takes eight of them; the remaining two make two beauties; they tickle GN, he laughs, they are made old women; NV creates a rejuvenating lake; Kuksu swims in it, becomes young and beautiful; GN says people should die and hold memorial ceremonies; NV sends a rattlesnake, the bitten son of the GN dies; the GN regrets that the death was made irreversible; NV goes into the mountain, meets the first dead, the son of the GN; sends back the GN himself, because he is alive]: 173-176 ; Dixon 1902, No. 2 [The turtle and the Creator swim on a raft; the turtle dives, brings clay; the Creator kneads it, puts it aft; clay grows into the ground]: 39-40; (cf. mountain mivok: Barrett 1919, No. 1 [The frog invites the Coyote to create land; the Coyote is looking for the best diver; the Duck and the Water Serpent don't dive; the Frog brings two handfuls of sand; the Coyote throws sand, earth appears]: 4-5; coastal fleets [the world is covered with water except Mount Sonoma north of San Francisco; the Coyote sails on a long raft of sticks and reeds; throws it into the water with the long side along the north south line; Earth appears; the center of the raft was on the mountain; the frog sits next to him, jumps into the water whenever he wants to grab it; when the water falls, he does not have time to jump to the water; she is the wife of the Coyote; he does feather people]: Merriam 1993:203 -205).
NW Mexico. Tarahumara [the horned toad keeps the world {Ceratophrys?}] : Lumholtz 1903 (1): 308.
Mesoamerica The Aztecs [the world is made from the body of a monstrous toad]: Furst 1974:88; Krickeberg 1928:4-6; Mendieta 1870:81; mountain totonaks [Earth (Montizón, from a distorted Montezuma) like others second-row deities (Thunder, Winds, Fire), appears in masculine and feminine aspects; corn grows on it, the dead are buried in it; but it is also associated with the Turtle from the myth of the birth of the Young The God of Corn; this Turtle is pilmana (an old woman assigned to look after a child); she keeps people on her back; the woman gave birth to a boy, he died right away, she buried him, corn grew, she I made xambe (flour from green cobs), which turned out to be bitter, she threw it into the river; most of it was eaten by fish, but the turtle carried the largest lump on its shell; turtles appeared in the cave from it boy, he scratched her shell until the pattern appeared on it; when it became too heavy, the turtle carried it ashore; after cutting off the crocodile's tongue, he cut it into four parts, placed it in four foam-filled reeds, this is how he made lightning, then gave them to the Thunders; he is the true Creator]: Ichon 1969:64-65, 77, 128; classic Maya: Davletshin, personal report February 2004 [bowl K1892 (encoding by J. Kerr); the earth in the form of a turtle is split by the First Rain God Ya'x-Ha'al-Chaahk; the Young God Maisa Ju'n-Yeeh-nal ((First-Grain-Maisa) appears from the divided earth; recodings of this scene are known for example, Ya'x-Ha'al-Chaahk tells the House of Mirrors; under the turtle there are water lilies and water symbols, sometimes fish as markers of the Underground (= Underwater) world; the caption for the turtle looks like a WAW (waw) sign - a water turtle as opposed to a land kok or land turtle and in general 'ahku'l)]; Kerr 1997 [(numerous paintings on vessels); the god of Corn in the Renaissance scene: it is clear from the context that a water turtle is depicted , not a land turtle; Taube (1987:175) suggested that the appearance of the Lord of Corn from a turtle means identifying the latter with the land; the god of Corn may also be depicted appearing from a split mountaintops, split skulls, and even bakers from the back]: 894-897.
The Northern Andes. Kogi [turtle keeps the world on its back]: Reichel-Dolmatoff 1991:151
(Wed. NW Amazon. Kabiyari [Kabiyari turtle shell sees an image of the world; the central axis (sillon) is a river flowing along the middle of the world, side furrows (sillons latéraux) are tributaries]: Bidou 1996:75, note 36) .
Eastern Amazon. Sipaya [Marušawa is now invisible; lives in Kurišiši, with him his family and great shamans who spoke to M. during his lifetime; he used to be like a human, now looks like a jaguar; three women they collect saliva dripping from its mouth into a vessel; if even one drop falls to the ground, misfortune happens (someone cuts himself, bites a snake, etc.); M. sits facing north; when he turns around and looks around, people will die; next to him is the Kududú toad, holding the ground on its back; when M. wants to destroy the earth, he will bypass the toad from the outside of the sky and pull it out so that the sky will collapse; writing M. - people without an anus, Adji, who were once killed by his son Kuñarima; when the meat runs out, M. blows on the remaining bones on the roasting rack, they are again overgrown with meat]: Nimuendaju 1920:1022.
Bolivia - Guaporé. Takana [the bururu frog (Leptodactylus pentadactylus labirinthus Spix) is mother earth, an old woman with huge breasts, mouth and vagina, living underground]: Hissink, Hahn 1961, No. 5: 42-43, 153.