Yu.E. Berezkin, E.N. Duvakin

Thematic classification and distribution of folklore and mythological motifs by area

Analytical catalogue

Introduction
Bibliography
Ethnicities and habitats

I125. Hyades are the animal's jaw .24.25.59.61.62.66.

Hyades (sometimes possibly the Pleiades or Orion) are the jaw or severed head of a large animal or anthropomorphic creature.

Clemantan, dusun, tetum, hama mapun, bukidnon, carinha, kalinha, makushi, trio, lokono, siona, sekoya, napo, carijona, chayahuita, konibo, shipibo, amuesha, kanamari.

Malaysia-Indonesia. Clemantan [Pleiades - "well", Pegasus - "barn", Aldebaran - pig's jaw]: Hose, MacDougall 1912:139; dusun [people planted yam, Caladium (xanthosome? plants of American origin), beans (there was no rice yet), but wild boars ravaged the garden; in a dream, the old man told the man to make a trap; the boar fell into it, but when the person found it, the meat was already deteriorated; he poked his head with a stick, his jaw fell off; the old man appeared again in his sleep, told him to plant rice; the puru-puru mark on the boar's head with a stick, the jaw and the trap would become constellations; when puru-puru will be a quarter of the sky above the horizon shortly after dark, it's time to plant rice; the por jaw and the blantek trap will follow]: Evans 1913:434-435; tetum [{ the constellation has not been identified, but Orion and the Pleiades have a different interpretation}; the boar ravaged the human field; he ordered his seven sons to guard, but only the youngest killed the boar with a knife; the brothers went home, but the youngest returned for his father's forgotten whetstone; he was captured by enemies; three months later they wanted to kill him, but two birds of prey took him up the tree; the enemies began to cut down the tree, he invited them to stand below, the tree crushed them; the birds lifted the young man to another tree; the same; raised them to the top of Lakan (apparently a mountain); the parents told six sons to take the jaw of the boar, go up to heaven; about the fate of the younger brother is not says]: Vroklage 1952:139.

Taiwan - Philippines. Mapun (hamah) [The Big Dipper is a fish trap with a rope tied to it; if you see many stars, the fishing will be successful; the Pleiades are the pig the spear is aimed at - Orion's Belt; Pleiades mark the beginning of agricultural work; the Milky Way is a snake; the V-shaped pig's jaw is linked to Orion and the hunting myth]: Peralta 2013:213; bukidnon [Magbangal hunter killed wild boars on the mountain; once told his wife that he would clear the plot there; forbid his wife to go with him; in the morning he refused to eat the food prepared by his wife, promising to come by dinner; making a bench in the forest, sat down and told axes and machetes first sharpened themselves on the stone, and then clear the forest; hearing the sound of falling trees, the wife decided that her husband was not working alone and went to see who was with him; as soon as she looked, M. woke up and cut off his own hand with a machete; realized that someone was peeking; told his wife that he would now go up to heaven to tell people the time to sow, and the wife would become fish; Cole's comment: near with the constellation Magbangal, the V-shaped constellation is the jaw of one of the wild boars he killed; the other constellations are hill, axes, bamboo water vessel, Magbangala pet lizard; comm. Emmanuel Salas (http://www.filipinoastrologer.com/magbangal-the-agricultural-guide-of-the-bukidnons/): the constellation M. - Orion {considering that within the annual cycle it rises and enters completely different times, this is very likely; definitely not the Big Dipper}]: Cole 1916:127-129.

Guiana. Carinha, Calinha: Magaña 1983, No. 1 [(Ahlbrinck 1931:433-44; =Jara, Magaña 1983:125); seven brothers chase tapir for a whole year; kill, fry, return to the village; they decide to go to heaven because their sisters are late in cooking; they turn into Sirityo (Pleiades), taking the head of the tapir (Maipuri Yuman) with them into the Giades, a roasting grill ( Sirityo sura-ri) in Pegasus], 2 (Maroni County) [as in (1); the brothers' mother does not prepare meals for them on time]: 32; akawai or kariña of Guyana [Wawaya (wawa means sister, or wife) takes Tapir as a lover; he promises to take her to where heaven meets earth; her husband Serikoai (sirikio means star) climbs a tree for with fruits; when she begins to descend, she cuts off his leg with an ax; his mother cares for him; he walks east on crutches in the footsteps of lovers; kills Tapir with an arrow, cuts off his head; V. and Tapir's spirit flee to heaven, S. after them; V. turns into the Pleiades, Tapir's head into Hyades (Aldebaran - eye), S. into Orion]: Brett 1880:191-200 (=Roth 1915, No. 211:265-266); the tops [seven brothers are forever hungry and they cry; their mother throws their tapir's jaw to eat, calls them lights; they join hands, dance and sing, ascend to heaven; now their mother offers them food; they refuse, but they are not angry with her; become Pleiades {it is not said right at the transformation of the tapir's jaw into Hyades, but it is extremely likely}]: Barbosa Rodrigues 1890, No. 6:223-225; translated into Lévi-Strauss 1964, No. 131b: 248; at Koch-Grünberg 1921, No. 45:141-142; trio [Koelewijn, Rivière 1987:30; Orion rises to heaven with a wild pig's jaw and a feather crown; jaw - Hyades]: Magaña 1989a: 212; curl [the Arawaks have the "tapir jaw" constellation (Kamatala); dates back in June {means the Pleiades or the Hyades} when tapirs begin to mate]: Magaña, Jara 1982:116 {link to Penard, Penard 1907: 105, but it's not there on p. 105}.

Western Amazon. If not otherwise: a caiman bites off the leg of one of the two brothers; the brothers turn into small birds as well as a constellation. Siona, Sekoya: Chaves 1958 [Three brothers went hunting, killed a tapir; on the way back they asked Cayman to transport them across the lake; jumping ashore, the latter shouted that Cayman was not theirs a girl, but only a Cayman, Cayman bit off his leg; shamans began to drink yazhe, making the Sun shine and dry the lake; Cayman's stomach was ripped open, the young man was alive but without a leg; all three brothers became to drink the drug, they flew away; the sister refused to drink, the brothers left her at the top of the tree; there she cries, calling her brothers; the caiman's jaw turned into the Pleiades]: 146-147; Vickers 1989 [Baira creates earth after the flood, helps people get out of the ground, kills his father-in-law, who turns into Tapir; B. goes to heaven, tells his nephews to pursue Tapir; they follow the trail of Tapir's excrement, they're all fresher; Cayman carries them across the river, bites off their younger brother's leg; they kill Cayman with an ax, pull out their leg; the Pleiades brothers, the Axe - the Orion Belt, the Hyades - Cayman's jaw, the Milky Way - the trail tapira]: 161-167; Napo: Foletti Castegnaro 1985:57-58; Mercier 1979:28-39 [the wife is pregnant, her month-old husband is missing somewhere; she goes looking for him, asking about the twins route in her stomach; she She picks flowers for the twins, gets bitten by a wasp, she claps her stomach saying they are to blame; the twins fall silent; she comes to the Jaguar grandmother; she hides her under the roof, the woman spits; Murupuma, Puka-Puma can't reach it, Wimba-puma jumps; they eat it, the grandmother asks for giblets, takes it out, hides the twins in the pot; they grow up, call her to the plot where they quickly grew corn; she almost got lost in it; she tells them to bring water, they bring a lot, her grandmother almost drowned; asks for firewood, they bring a lot, firewood has filled her up; they eat wood-grown mushrooms, it turned out that Grandma's ears, she's still alive; the brothers' name is Kuillurkuna ("Stars"); they lured her into a cave with musical instruments, asked her to dance, she sat on a glued bench, stuck; she was closed, she will come out at the end of time; the brothers lured the jaguars to the bridge over the abyss they had dug, brought them down; hid in two rubber bags, let themselves be carried away by the cannibal eagle Anga, who brought them to a nest on a rock; when fell asleep, the eldest killed the male, the youngest did not finish off the female, she flew away to sunset; the duck replied that she could not transport the brothers across the river; Cayman drove, asked what it smelled like; the elder said nothing The youngest does not feel that he smells like caiman; the eldest managed to turn into a fast Suwisuwi bird, and the youngest into a slow Partridge, Cayman bit off his leg; the eldest dried the pond, found him caiman, tore off their jaw, took out their leg, put them back; they climbed the vine into the sky, the eldest became the Evening Star, the Younger became the Morning Star, took the jaw with them (Hyades)], 51 [Hyades - caiman's jaw]; Wavrin 1937 [the man fell into his own trap, hung on a tree, his penis came off, fell; his wife dug a hole for his penis, began to water the chichi, covered it with a vessel; stomped her foot, removed the vessel, the penis came out out of the ground, they copulated; her two sons and daughter wonder why their mother cooks so much chichi; brothers turn into a cicada and a cockroach, watch; later they stomp on the ground like their mother, a penis appears, they they tie him with a rope and tear him off; his mother beats them; the brothers flee to the end of the world where the Morning Star rises; Cayman offers a transfer across the sea, asks if he stinks; they say no; younger The brother sits on Cayman's head, the elder turns into a bird; jumping ashore, the elder shouts to Cayman that he stinks, Cayman bites off the younger's leg; the elder shoots into the sky; the second arrow gets stuck in the sky, then falls into the sea, it dries up; the elder kills all the Caymans, cuts off their tongues; takes his leg out of the latter, his leg grows; continuing their journey, the brothers ask for the excrement of the yns, cuts them off tongues; the last tapira, how long they lie; several years, then a year, six months; when he finds a tapir, the elder pierces a spear; the back of the tapir falls into the water, turns into a manatee, the front into the current tapir; returned to their sister; the elder sent a parrot to make notches in the vine hanging from the sky; the parrot picked up his sister in the basket; the younger brother got up holding four fish; the elder with a harpoon, a forest, and jaws caimana; mother turned into a snake eagle, carried her husband's penis in her beak; siblings and objects turned into constellations; when their coexistence sets, brothers on earth turn into birds]: 611-614; 1979:63-67.

NW Amazon. Carijona [{that the jaw is Hyada is not explicitly stated, but this is likely given neighboring traditions}; the mother tells Tukučimobi (The Sun) and his little brother, a month old, that she will die, tells him cut off her hand, put it in the basket with cassava, hang it over the hearth; when her sons returned from hunting, the food would be prepared; she said that the garden was ruining the agouti, and went to set a trap turned into an agouti, died deliberately trapped; on her paw there was a trace of the place where T. took a sand flea out of his mother's leg the day before; the brothers did as his mother told her, but T. did not believe that the food was eating cooks aguti's paw; tells the kuckuck bird to shout to warn if women appear; but the brothers were far away, did not have time to run; the same with the woodpecker (the brothers noticed the traces of two women); the third time the bird cacambra, the brothers grabbed two women, both wanted a lighter and younger one; T. managed to grab the eldest before she put on her vulture outfit, and the youngest put it on and flew away; because the eldest's clothes were torn, she remains human; in order to take possession of her brother's wife, the Month asks T. to get the parrot's chicks; puts her penis instead of a pole; the erection stops, T. stays in the tree, falls into the hollow; everything the animals were looking for T., the mouse found; rodent animals gnaw through a hole; T. creates a pond, carves two large fish ("whales"; originally catfish) out of wood, fish of all kinds appeared from chips; T. created a dry season for the fruits to burst and the fish to eat them; turned itself into fruit, let the fish swallow itself, went out through the gills, so caught fish, brought it to his wife and children; the Month is ashamed; he went to fish in the same way, fish swallowed it; T. cut many fish before he found a brother in one of them; the month began to beat the fish with a harpoon; tied the tench to an ordinary tree rather than a particularly strong tree, two fish, a male and a female, dragged him away forming the Caquetá River; therefore, it has a wide channel, many islands; T. tried to stop them by creating rapids; T. caught a piece of the Month's leg with a net; the rest of the Month crumbled, so in the sky so many stars; separately in the sky you can see the jaw, head, and leg bones of the Month; people are children like Sun-T. (with lighter skin) and Months (darker; while T.'s wife was owned by his brother, she also gave birth)]: Schindler 1979, No. 1:44-54.

Montagna - Jurua. Chayahuita [Orion - Nunu Paya Nanto ("Nunu's leg"; Nunu - Aguaruna Indians); bright stars in the Orion constellation were people on earth; they fought, killed and ate many others; men The Chaiyahuita went fishing and did not return; the yo'natrashi bird (man) met a beautiful girl ahun, she invited him to her house; yo'natrashi' did not answer her, came back, said where men go; the Chayahuit decided to fight the Awahun, called a kunk woodpecker and an inshi monkey, killed almost all the awahun; the rest rose to heaven to escape and became stars Nunu Paya Nanto; Pleiades - Nunu Ya'pira ("Nunu eyes"); Hyades - Taya Kuvirato' (thaya - "white caiman", kuvirato' - "jaw")]: Shlyakhtinsky 2008; conibo [caiman swallows one of the brothers; they kill a caiman, make a boat out of its bones; take the swallowed leg with them; climb the vine into the sky, turn into a constellation]: Castañeda 1923:405; shipibo [caiman bites off younger brother's leg, brothers turn into constellations]: Eakin et al. 1986 [into stars]: 37; Gebhaert-Sayer 1987:63 [three brothers looking for father or chasing tapir; shooting at the sky, make a chain of arrows, climb it; the eldest turns into the Pleiades, the middle into the Hare, the youngest, whose leg was bitten off by the Cayman, into Orion; Hyades is the head of the caiman], 350-351 [lonely young man uses calebasa instead of his wife; she becomes a woman, gives birth to three sons; they sit on a tree and eat fruits; Tapir constantly comes and asks for fruit for themselves; they throw unripe fruit at his head; he knocks on the trunk, making it fat; brothers go down as ants; follow the tapir's trail; ask his excrement or the trees that have grown from them when the tapir passed; a year, six months, a month, ten days ago, a day ago; he's here; the eldest turns into an ant, climbs into the tapir's anus, hurts his heart; brothers are fresh in the carcass; everyone tries to be a pot to cook meat; only the older one can to withstand the heat for a long time; they ask the Duck to transport them across the river; she replies that her boat is small; Cayman asks not to step on his head; his younger brother steps, Cayman grabs him by the leg, drags him under water; the Sloth drains the river, the brothers take the youngest's corpse out of the caiman's womb; the leg is not enough; they shoot at the sky, make a chain of arrows; Termite and Little Squirrel are afraid to climb, the Big Squirrel returns says the sky is good; the turtle turns the chain into a ladder; the brothers take Cayman's head and brother's corpse, go up to heaven]; Roe 1982, No. 7 [the old man (this is Tapir) makes a boat under the Guava tree; children , sitting on a tree, they throw fruits at it; the old man kicks him with his foot, the tree grows huge; children turn into ants, descend on leaves, then become human again; follow the old man's trail, asking for directions from the genip trees; they find more and more fresh tapir droppings; one became an ant, climbed a tapir in the ass, cut his heart; the tapir died; one turned into a pot, meat was cooked in it; everyone tried but only the strongest could withstand the heat; they had to cross the river; the man sent a boat, a caimana; sitting on his back, the brothers thought what to become, they chose birds; one decided to become a bird panguana; on the coast, the caiman bit off both his legs; Panguana is part of Orion, without legs; all turned into Pleiades, Hyades, Orion's Belt], 8 [at night the young man masturbates to a calebasa; his mother began to put him one at a time and throw it away; two boys came out of the broken calebas; they ask who killed their mother; the grandmother replies that Lightning; they killed the Lightning Spirit; they ask again if they threaten to kill the grandmother herself; she replies that Tapir killed ; they found Tapir from fresh droppings; the youngest became an ant, climbed Tapira into his anus, cut off his heart; the eldest cut the tapir's stomach, released the youngest; the youngest turned into a pot to cook meat; the eldest puts it on the fire, then in the water; the meat is cooked; the Sloth promised to call a bird that will transport the brothers across the river; the bird asks not to step on the bow of her boat; the elder listened, the youngest stepped on the shore, the boat turned into a caiman, bit off his leg; the Sloth dried the river with a magic spear, the eldest cut off the caiman's jaw, took out his brother's leg; returning to his grandmother, the brothers again ask who killed their mother; she replies that they will receive the answer in heaven; the brothers climbed a chain of arrows, the eldest in his hands is the jaw of Caiman, Hyada]: 62-63, 63-66; Waisbard 1959 [into the Pleiades]: 67; amuesha [Yompor Pencoll understood into the sky, playing the flutes and dancing, became Orion's Belt (good constellation); his father-in-law Oncoy (the name is borrowed from Quechua} sang and beat the drum, became the Pleiades (evil constellation); on the way he remembered that he had forgotten tapir's jaw, came back for it; tapir's jaw became Hyades]: Santos-Granero 1989:102 (=1991:70, =1992:117); kanamari: Carvalho 2002 [caiman jaw - Taurus (i.e. clearly Hyades), Pleiades - scorpion, which determine the beginning of the year]: 286; Reesink 1989 [Pleiades are the jaw of a tapir; the Pleiades determine the beginning of the year; {since informants' knowledge of the starry sky was flawed, it is possible that The Pleiades were mixed with the Hyades}]: 123-124.