I13A. Horned serpent, B91.3. .11.12.15.-.18.21.-.30.32.33.35.-.38.40.42.-.53.55.58.65.68.74.

A huge water-chthonic or heavenly serpent, dragon, snake-shaped creature has horns on its head.

Como, Tiwi, Von, Ladins, Bretons, Babylonia, Mehri, Tiwi, Tibetans, Zhuang, Ancient India, Sora, Nayar, Semangs, Bataks, Javanese, Bali, Paiwan, Ancient China, Chinese (province not specified), Chinese (Shanxi, Zhejiang), Koreans, Miao (Guizhou), Chuan Miao, Lisu, Ancient Greece, Belarusians (?) , Kalmyks, Nogais, Armenians, Avesta, Shah-name, Uzbeks, Komi, Kyrgyz, Dungans, Mansi, Eastern Khanty, Southern and Northern Selkups, Kets, North Baikal Evenks, Evenki Orochons, Yakuts, Orochi, Nanais, Udege, Japanese, Central Yupik, Quakiutl, Puget Sound, Vishram, Yakima, Umatilla, Klikitat, Venatchi, Kordalen, Tolova, Cous, Menominee, Western Swamp Cree, Eastern Cree, Northern Ojibwa, Marsh Cree, Steppe Cree, Northern Solto, Chippewa, Ojibwa, Fox, Sauk, Kickapoo, Ojibwa Steppe, Montagnier, Nascapi, Hurons, Mohawks, Seneca, Onondaga, Mikmak, Delaware, Sarsi, Blacklegs, Grovantre, Assiniboine, Santee, Teton, Mandan, Omaha & Ponca, Iowa, Sheena, Arapahoe, Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, Shawnee, Spyro Mound, Moundville, Shawnee, Yuchi, Chirokee, Caddo, Natchez, Screams, Alabama, Koasati, Chickasaw, Yurok, Kato, Yuki, Yana, Pomo, Vintu, White River Utah, Navajo, Western Apache, Chirikahua, Lipan, Hopi, Zunyi, Western Ceres (Laguna, Akoma), Tiwa (Isleta), Tewa (Nambe, San Juan), Baja California, Tarahumara, Yaki, Mayo, Tarasca, Aztecs, Popoluca, Veracruz Nahuatl, Zapotecs, Mihe, Classical Maya (Calakmul), Kekchi, Tsotzil, Juice, Chorti, Shinka, Lenka, Hikake, Sumu, Guaimi (Dorasque), Nonama, Guajiro, Varrau, Culture mochica, lambayeque culture, Wari culture (Peru's central coast), Huancavelica, Iranche, paresi, Araucana.

Bantu-speaking Africa. Como [the rainbow is a snake with heads on both ends of the body; each head has a pair of horns; a male symbol, dangerous]: Mahieu 1975:238.

West Africa. Background [The rainbow snake is depicted as a curled horned snake made of clay and placed in a vessel]: Herskovits 1938:247.

Southern Europe. Ladina [the tailor decided to become a shepherd; got cheese for work in the fall; when he woke up, he saw that the cheese was covered with flies; killed 50 with one blow; wrote "50 with one blow" on his hat, went to wander; the king tells him to defeat the giant, promises his daughter; the tailor fed the bird, put it in his pocket; the giant offers to crush a stone in his fist, the tailor crushed the cheese; to throw a stone - released the bird; the giant bent the tree, the tailor climbed to the top of his head, the giant let go, he took off; invites the giant to learn to fly too; he fell into the ravine and crashed; now the king orders to kill the horned dragon ; the tailor hid behind the tree, the dragon's horns are stuck in the trunk, the tailor decapitated him; the king: I have already promised my daughter to the Minister; let her lie between you; whoever she faces in the morning will marry; At the feast, the minister got drunk, he was full of fumes at night, and the princess turned towards the tailor; he received the princess, and after the death of his father-in-law, the throne]: Brunold-Bigler, Widner 2004, No. 44:261-268.

Western Europe. The Bretons (Lannion County) [a rainbow is a big snake with a bull's head and glowing eyes, descends to earth to drink water from a river or lake]: P.Sebillot, Le Folklore de France, 1904 (I): 69 in Roheim 1945:196-197.

Western Asia. Babylonia: Afanasieva 1982b (Susa, 12th century BC, relief on a kudurru boundary stone) [five horizontal registers with symbols of deities; in the uppermost crescent, the star and the sun as symbols Sina, Ishtar, Shamash; in the lowest horned serpent and scorpion]: 651; Kurtik 2007 [bašmu is a horned serpent with or without front legs; "Bashmu the serpent was created in the sea, its length is 60 double miles";" tower" is a horned snake dragon with a crown (or without it), with two front clawed legs (or without them), a long tail, sometimes with wings; bašmu is usually considered a Mesopotamian prototype Greek Hydra; constellation within present-day Hydra]: 94-95, 356-361; Beaulier 1999 [drawing on a Seleucid plaque from Uruk: a horned winged serpent with the signature MUL MUŠ, depicting Serpent constellation (our Hydra)]: 92; mehri [the sultan told five sons that his mother would kill their mother because she took the Jew as a lover; the youngest son Muhammad warned his mother, they were gone; there was no fire, M. saw there was a fire in the distance, seven were sitting there, cooking a camel, telling him to cut the meat; he took his share and the fire, but on the way the rain put out the fire; M. returned, they were angry, M. killed them, began to live with his mother in theirs castle; one demon was alive, his mother found him, cured him, took him as a lover; to get rid of M., the demon suggests sending him to a garden with lions and snakes for olives; the mother is sick, she will be cured olives; M. met a man, brought him water, he gave him hair - if burned, he would come to the rescue; became a horse, took M. to the garden, M. let go of the chained lion, took olives, brought him to his mother; she sent him to bring him clothes; he arrived on horseback to where the Sultan's daughter was given to be eaten by a 7-eyed, 7-horned snake; killed a snake, breaking its horns with stones, gouging out his eyes with a spear; put his head on the mountain; sultan: whoever takes off his head, killed by a snake; M. takes off, gets a princess; returns to his mother; she ties him up - to see how strong he is; tells the demon to kill him; but he is afraid; then throws him out of the castle; caravans he is found and released; M. kills the demon, the two children that his mother M. gave birth to him, throws him away; under the guise of a dervish, she comes to the Sultan, who gives her youngest daughter; she sees M. hiding horse and sword; lemon throws at him; other daughters married wealthy merchants; the Sultan's eyes hurt, wild goat milk will cure him; M. milks wild goat and hyena, gives his older sons-in-law hyena milk, for which he cauterizes their scrotum; hyena milk made the Sultan worse, and the goat's milk brought by M. cured him; M. defeated the attacking enemies; injured his hand, tied her with a handkerchief; the slave recognized the handkerchief; the sultan saw stamps on his elders sons-in-law; made M. sultan, became a vizier himself]: Jahn 1902, No. 7:21-37.2 c.

Australia. Tiwi [giant iridescent colored Maratjis lizards with horns on their heads and a beard on their lower jaw live in water bodies; if anyone comes up, there is a rumble and gurgling, they send a stream of water to the sky, it rains; one of them then turns into a rainbow, trying to harm that person or anyone else]: Mountford 1958:155.

Tibet is the Northeast of India. Tibetans (Amdo) [two young shepherds lived together; one was smart, the other was stupid; during the downpour, the stupid man jumped out, waved his ax, threatening the rain; the king promises half the kingdom for a missing daughter; both young men find a trail of blood, come to the cave, the clever one lets the stupid man on a rope into failure; there the kidnapped princess says that the demon is wounded by a stupid man when he waved an ax; the stupid finishes him off; the smart one picks up the princess, leaves the stupid one below; he finds a shackled dragon, frees him, the dragon takes him to the ground; the foolish comes to the clever; at night he cuts him with an ax, He descends the river in a basket; the maid finds her; the dragon descended, took the gem that was between his horns, healed the young man; he received the princess and soon the whole kingdom, and the smart one was driven away]: Kajihama 2004, No. 2:7-12

Burma - Indochina. Chuang (Yunnan) [the sky was close to the ground, since then the tops of bamboo have been crooked as they rested against the sky; the thunder god emitted lightning, blinking his eyes, creating gusts of wind with his wings, blows legs - thunder, an ax and a chisel in his hands, destroyed everything with them; came to visit a man named Bubo; after eating and drinking, he decided that he should collect tax from farmers; B. offered him a choice of tops and roots ; he said he was a celestial, so he chose the tops; B. planted a tarot, the thunder got rotten leaves and dry stems; the following year he chose roots and B. planted rice; the following year he chose roots, and B. planted rice; the following year the thunder promised to take both the tops and the roots, but B. planted corn and took the cobs; the thunder told his General Lumeng not to send rain anymore; B. told people to open the locks of the heavenly river, water irrigated the fields; then the thunder raised the sky higher, leaving only the sun and moon tree to communicate; B. led the people to take water from the underground dragon, but he was the thunder's brother and refused; then B. grabbed him by the horns and told him to pluck his beard; the dragon gave him water; but in the third year there was drought again; the thunder sent General Lumang to repair the locks; B. climbed a tree into the sky, pushed L. into river; one of the warriors, Qigao, warned that the thunder was going to kill people by drought; B. put his sword to the thunder's throat, making it rain; the thunder descended to take revenge, slipped on the wet mats, caught and tied; B. went to get salt to kill the thunder and pickle his meat; tells his children not to let him go, drink him, give him an ax; the thunder persuaded them (they gave him water with indigo paint, so he turned blue), gained strength, flew out; gave his tooth, telling him to plant it: only Fuyi and his sister will be saved during the flood; the thunder opened the locks of the heavenly river, and the dragon released the waters underground lake; B. swam in an inverted umbrella; the thunder wanted to hack him with an ax, but B. cut off his legs himself; the thunder was afraid that with the waters of the flood B. would be in the sky, dropped the water; B. fell along with his umbrella, he broke, his heart bounced to the sky and became Venus; F. and his sister escaped in a pumpkin (which grew out of a thunder's tooth); left when the waters came down; turtle, bamboo: you must get married; brother and sister: if you come alive, we'll get married; they killed a turtle, cut a bamboo, they were reborn; Venus B. also told them to get married: light fires on two mountains, if the columns of smoke merge, then you can; sister gave birth to a piece of meat; they cut it and scattered it, people came out of the pieces; the thunder attached cockclaws to his legs instead of the severed feet; after the dragon's beard was pulled out, two were left scrap: his carp children have them; Qugao has become an earthworm; when he crawls out, the thunderbird tries to cut it in half; if worms crawl out, it means a thunderstorm; shamans over turtle shells and bamboo stems began to know the future]: Miller 1994:137-150.

South Asia. Ancient India: Mahabharata (Mhb.3.185) [ascetic Manu stood on one leg for 10,000 years with his hands up; a little fish asked her for help, save her from the big ones; M. placed her in a jug, it kept growing, he carried it to the pond, then to the Ganges, to the ocean; the fish tells me to make a boat, take seven holy sages with them, seeds; the flood will begin, the fish will appear, there will be a horn on its head, to it it is necessary to tie a rope; during the flood, the fish pulled the boat by the rope for many years, brought it to the top of Himavan, ordered the boat to be tied there; admits that it is Brahma; M. recreated life]: Vasilkov, Neveleva 1987:378-381; Grinzer 1982 [(Shatapatha Brahman I 8:1); Manu (man; cf. English man; in the Vedic tradition, the son of the solar deity Vivasvata and brother of Yama) caught a fish at the spring ; she tells her to grow, she will save him in the impending flood; M. raised a big fish, let it into the ocean; on her instructions, he made a ship; when the waters rose, tied it to the horn of the fish, she dragged it to Mount Himalaya, where M. survived the flood; he sacrificed by throwing butter and cottage cheese into the water; the girl Ila arose from them; they gave birth to people]: 106; Vedas [the horned serpent Shushna swallowed up heavenly waters and laid eggs from which evil bred; Indra killed him, freed the waters that were raining from heaven]: Temkin, Erman 1982, No. 4:20; nayar [horned monsters {reptiles live in the air?} ; in summer they draw water off the ground, and during the wet season they spit out at Indra's request; the friction of their horns causes lightning]: Iyer 1912:89.

Malaysia-Indonesia. Semangi (batek) [a horned snake turtle swam to the surface in the middle of the ocean; a piece of land or celestial worm excrement fell on its back from the sky, and the snake turtle itself or descended from The carrier bird knocked the sea foam into a ball; the substance extracted from the sky and the sea became Earth on the back of the snake turtle}: Endicott 1979:33-34, 168 [at night the Sun passes through the body of this snake]; bataks [Páne na Bolon is a horned serpent, the lord of the lower world and the sea; in a year she turns around the Earth's disk, sending warriors, epidemics and other misfortunes on his way to earth]: Chesnov 1982l: 281; Javanese [a rainbow is a snake with deer or cow heads on both ends; stretching out in an arch over Java, it drinks water from the Java Sea with one head and drinking water from the Indian Ocean with the other]: Hooykaas 1956:305 in Blust 2000:525; Java (Borobudur) [decoration of niches and passages; anthropomorphic mascoid on top; on either side of it there are snake-shaped macara descending on the sides of the aisle creatures with a monster head at the end (elephant head, bull ears, goat horns; possibly symbolizing heavenly waters descending to earth]: Carlson 1098, fig. 3, 4; Bali [rainbow - snake with deer heads at both ends, each has three diverging horns]: Loewenstein 196:32.

Taiwan - Philippines. Paywan [a huge horned snake gave birth to a boy and a girl; they got married, their children had no noses; the noseless ones got married, they already had normal children]: Egli 1989, No. 51:119-120.

China - Korea. Ancient China: Shu-Jing [water snake... after 500 years changes into jiao (scaly snake), that after 1000 years into a lung (dragon), then 500 years later into jio-lung (horned dragon) and more 1000 years in Ying-Lung (winged dragon)] in Visser 1913, in Ivanov 1949:136-137; Shaughnessy 2005 [relief brick, Eastern Han, from a burial in Qingbaixiang, Sichuan: Siwanmu ("mistress of the West") on a throne formed by a tiger and a horned dragon, next to a nine-tailed fox, a hare, a toad (an anthropomorphic character resembling a toad?) , three-legged raven]: 42-43; Ancient China [images of horned dragons; for example, on a late Han stone sarcophagus; (though this image is from Hama, not from Han ethnic Han territories, but there are probably many others)]: Willetts 1080:184, Abb. 28; Chinese: Tishkov 1957 [Yudi invites animals to the Jade Palace to identify those to count for years; the mouse promised to wake the cat up and go together, but left alone; the dragon begged the rooster to lend him horns for a week; the centipede persuaded the rooster to agree; they chose 12: ox, horse, ram, dog, pig, hare, tiger, dragon, snake, monkey, rooster, mouse; let the biggest be the first; the mouse sits on the ox's back, people say What a huge mouse (no one says How huge ox), the cycle begins with the mouse, the ox is behind it; the dragon did not return the horns to the rooster, the rooster now bites the centipedes; in his cry you can hear a request to the dragon to return the horns; the cat is offended by the mouse for not woke her up, hunts mice]: 77-79 (=Riftin 1972:27-32; =1987:27-31); Chinese (Shanxi, w. Zhangzi) [during the time of Fire Lord Shennong in Jizhou, a black dragon climbed into the Zhanghe River and caused a flood; the Shandang Basin was filled with water, and the waves reached the foot of the mountain Yantou, and they almost took away S. Five cereals; the guardian of the scepter, Geng Zhu-tzu, reported, S. gathered advice; S.'s youngest daughter named Nuiwa (the second character is different from the one in the name of Nuiva, the creator of mankind); went to catch the dragon, S. gave her the Putas to pacify the dragon; he hid in the East Sea; N, waited a long time by the sea, and then began to check the rivers and lakes; after a few years, the waters of Zhanghe began to boil again; N. saw Geng Zhu-tzu, who taught people agriculture in the field; N. went to G, left her fetters, a huge wave carried them away, a one-horned black dragon appeared out of the water; the flood flooded the Taihangshan Mountains and the plains Jizhou region; the dragon hid in the sea, and N. and G. died; after death, N. turned into a turtledove with a white beak, a motley head and red paws and screams, Jingwei! Jingwei! It's a shame (cankui)! ; throws pebbles and branches into the water to cover the sea and crush the dragon, thereby correcting his mistake; G. also regretted that he could no longer teach people agriculture and turned into a cuckoo; flies, shouting: Sow cereals (boo-gu)! Sow cereals! because the mistake was caused by his love for N., the turtledove flew east, and he flew west and reached a mountain on the banks of the Fenhe River; it became known as Jiwang ("The Millet King")]: Zhou Yang et al. 1999, No. 7:9-10; Chinese (Zhejiang) [the rooster had horns; he lent them to the dragon so that he could impress the sky; the dragon did not return them; in the morning the rooster screams, demanding its horns back]: Eberhard 1937, No. 1:13; Miao (Guizhou) [lamb dragon horns like a ram, buffalo like a buffalo, and no snake horns]: Bender et al. 2006:194; Chuan Miao: Graham 1954:15 [horned body the dragon was in the sky when he stretched his neck, could reach the sea], 129 [a man waits for a thunderstorm in the forest under a rock; sees a horned snake with a red crown and a red pearl sticking out of the cave on the head and that lightning cannot hit it; shoots at a snake; after a new thunder strike, he is over 10; runs back, sees that the snake is cut into 9 pieces, the ground is covered with blood; realizes that The thunder thanked him by suffering from the lightning strike]; the fox [brother and sister are orphans; two birds told them that there would be a flood; told them to sit in the pumpkin and go out when they heard their voices; brother and sister tried warn people, but they did not believe them; for 99 days the sun hung above the ground, it did not rain, the earth began to burn, the foliage crumbled; then the thunderstorm began, the flood flooded the ground; when the waters came down, the pumpkin I was on the mountain; when I heard the voices of the birds, my brother and sister went out; after the flood, 9 suns began to burn the earth, and 7 moons began to freeze it at night; the birds told brother and sister that a 9-horned lived in the lake under the rock dragon; if you get its golden bow and silver arrows, you can destroy excess suns and moons; the birds gave a hammer to break the rock, silver mites grab the fish sent by the dragon; he consistently sends three fish, brother and sister threw them ashore; grabbing the dragon by the nose with ticks, they forced him to give up his bow and arrow; 8 suns and 6 moons were knocked down from the top of the mountain; brother and sister went looking each people, no one was found; the birds told them to marry; they agreed after the abandoned turtle shells lay one horse down and the other up, the two halves of the millstone descended from the mountain lay on top of each other a friend, and the brother's arrow hit the sister's needle eye; and so on three times; they gave birth to 6 sons and 6 daughters; the couple left in place became the ancestors of the fox, and the other 5 were the ancestors of Han, Tibetan, Bai, and Keqin]: Miller 1994, No. 3:78-84; Koreans ("Historical Records of Three States (Samkook Sagi") by Kim Busik, 1145) [in the fifteenth year of Isagym Silson's reign (416), a big fish with a carcass the size of a cart was caught off the East Sea coast]: Kim Busik 2001:114.

The Balkans. Ancient Greece ["The sign here appeared to Dionysus in love: /Ampelos is intended for early death! /He crawled by the cliff, shiny with scales, horn/A serpent carrying a young deer on the ridge. /Bypassing the lower stones, he makes its way higher, /Throws a deer from there, throwing a deer/Into the abyss, and tumbling in the air, falls with a stone/The animal falls down, the howl of the unfortunate can be heard for a long time./The blood stream is like a messenger of a fait accompli. God Evius saw all this, /How this serpent threw off the deer, accepted the sign: /A frivolous young man must die from the horn/Beast..." (per. Yuri Golubets)]: Nonn. Dion. XI. 83-96.

Central Europe. Belarusians (? Polesie, ethnicity is not specified) [according to Polesie beliefs, if a person has not seen a snake for seven years, then it has horns on its head, and wings and feathers on its body, and it turns into a flying snake]: Plotnikova 2009:440.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Kalmyks [Nyamin-Nyamin rides across the sky on Lu's multi-legged dragon, pursues a one-legged white demon, shoots arrows at him; to make the dragon run faster, NN ties his horns with iron bars, tightens them more as needed; thunder is the tramp of the dragon's feet; when teeth grind in pain, lightning]: Basayev 2004, No. 17:49-49; Nogais [carp appears in the sky among the clouds in spring and in summer before the rain; portends heavy rains and crops; looks like a snake, but with the head of a deer with branched horns; increases the wind and the shine of lightning; after the rain it goes to the ground]: Kereytov 1980:125; Armenians [snake kings have a jewel or golden horns on their heads; Zagros and Taurus were horned vishaps fighting each other]: Harutyunyan 1980a: 105 (details in Harutyunyan 2007:30-31).

Iran - Central Asia. Avesta [Serwara - letters. "horned"; the name of the dragon snake killed by Kersaspp]: Steblin-Kamensky 1993:160, 203; Shah-name [book 7; the daughter of citizen Haftwad, spinning at the foot of the mountains, found a worm in the apple, possessing who brings good luck to H.; the worm turns into a huge black horned snake, he was placed in a pool in the castle that H. built for himself on the mountain; with the help of two young men, Ardashir enters the castle, pours molten tin into its mouth; lit a fire on the roof of the courtyard as a sign of victory; when leaving the country, he built a fire temple in it]: Shukurov 1983:62; Uzbeks [poor girl settled in a cave; a winged fire-breathing dragon found her, kept her; closed the entrance to the cave with his golden horn; the princess promised to marry a young strongman if he killed the dragon; he killed him with an arrow, cut off his horn, took it with with himself; going to the cave, opened the entrance blocked by a stone with a horn; stayed with the girl; the princess decided that he was dead and married the son of the vizier; the Shah and the army came to take the girl away from the boy, but he rolled a stone from the mountain, the army fled; one day they both came out of the cave and found themselves in the garden; he grew out of tears shed by a girl while she was imprisoned by a dragon]: Afzalov 1972 (2): 25-29.

Volga - Perm. Komi [The mouse quarreled with Sparrow, the birds began to fight the animals, killed each other, the Eagle with a broken wing remained by the sea of blood; the old man picked him up; the old woman tells the Eagle to be shot twice, Every time the eagle asks not to do this; when he recovers, he carries the old man, throws it twice, picks him up from the ground so that he will be afraid; Eagle's sister gives a box, does not tell him to open it on the way; the old man opens, gold falls asleep; another old man (this is an evil tun) puts gold back for promising to give back in three years what you don't know at home; the old man has been away for fifteen years and has a son; the old woman tells the young man to watch for the twelve swans, the daughters of Tun, to hide the youngest's clothes while they are swimming; she gives him her ring, flies away; Tun marries him, sets tasks, his wife teaches him how fulfill; 1) build a palace overnight (monsters are building); 2) create a river with fish, gardens on the banks (same); 3) a crystal bridge (the same); a daughter steals her father's handkerchief, runs with her husband; tun pursues them; she waves her handkerchief, creating a forest, then a river; a young man pierces tuna with an arrow, he turned into a pine tree]: Konakov 1999, No. 7:433.

Turkestan. The Kyrgyz [Alp-Karakush bird with bronze claws and an eagle's head in the desert in a nest in the tree of life, whose branches support the sky, brings out chicks; every year they are devoured by a horned dragon; Er Toshtyuk kills him with a sword, feeds pieces of his body to the chicks; the bird flies with rain and hail, brings forty deer on each wing; swallows and belches ET, gives him a herd of end and a magic feather]: Er Toshtyuk 1958:144-155; Dungans: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 34 (Yunnan) [Ganhan boy ("To Drought") is born after two years of pregnancy; the drought lasts, G. goes to look for the dragon palace; from behind the door to The princess's voice tells the cave to bring a plaque to the dragon; it is given to him in the mosque; G. enters the cave, grabs the pearl from the sleeping dragon, swallows it; with the blow of the sign, blows the dragon's horns, breaks the skull; turns into a dragon, takes off, it starts to rain]: 185-188; Shujang Li, Luckert 1994 (Inner Mongolia) [the dragon responsible for clouds and rain sent rain only after receiving offerings; Lalang said that the Dungans did not eat pork and could not serve it to the dragon; he stopped sending rain, hunger began; he was fed stones - hail began; then they fed an iron chain on top of the dough, like pies; the dragon begged for mercy, since then it has been sending rain]: 103-107.

Western Siberia. Mansi [anten variety - pike up to four fathoms with deer antlers; lives in lakes, eats people; twist - bear or elk that has passed into the water; at the same time, the elk has grown long straight lines in place of the old ones horns, fish tail appeared]: Chernetsov in Ivanov 1949:137; Eastern Khanty: Ivanov 1949 [Salym: mammoth pike - whole (according to Gorodkov 1911); the Khanty have huge horned pike overgrown with wool, and underground animals, which cause the ice in lakes to break miserably (according to Sadovnikov, r. Vakh, 1909:21 and Tretyakov 1869:459)]: 137; Kulemzin, Lukina 1977 [The water monster Wes (its horns are mammoth tusks; in the Vakhov Khanty ənti-Sart, "horned pike") does not reproduce; it can turn into an old dog or pike; a dog's digging the ground was explained as a desire to go down underground, where this transformation takes place]: 130; northern Selkups: Prokofiev 1949a [into deaf the lakes were inhabited by koshar picci, a mammoth pike; these pike are old, large, covered with moss, steal fish from the tops, can eat humans]: 159; Tuchkova 2004 [snakes had horns; man tied a horn with a thread a sleeping snake to a tree, carried its horn on the way back; hung the killed snake in a tree so as not to come to life after hibernation; this is how the snakes became hornless]: 319-320; southern Selkups [Püne swallows rocks, trees, people, animals; in the middle of the sea there is a "fish with a hairy horn, a fish with a spotted horn"; it can raise the ground; the bird grabs it, its claws get stuck, break off; I. agrees to help; the bird carries it over the sea; to test his courage, he drops it three times, picks it up; he plays a seven-string instrument, all living things come to listen to him; the fish too; she asks to remove his rotting claws; I. takes it out, pus flooded the whole sea; the fish tells I. to go into her ear, there is a room in her, the daughter of a fish, I. takes her as his wife; attaches the bird's claws three times weakly to avenge the fear of falling; on the fourth once firmly, the bird can hunt; after the adventures, I. and his wife return home]: Donner 1915:42-44; the chum salmon [in some fairy tales, the mammoth (tel) is a monstrous horned fish whose horns they can freeze to ice in winter]: Nikolaev 1985:104.

Eastern Siberia. Severobaikal Evenks [mammoth - a horned fish in the sea or a creature with an elk head, tail and body of a fish]: Levin v Ivanov 1949:137-138; Evenks - Orochons [shamanic pendant costume depicting a mammoth sali in the form of a fish with horns (resemble moose)]: Mazin 1984, Figure 12; Yakuts [performances are close to Evenk; mammoth is also a water bull; when the ice hits, it bursts and breaks]: Middendrf: 821, Pekarsky, Popov in Ivanov 1949:138.

Amur-Sakhalin. Orochi [see B2E motif; to the west of our continent lies another mudur in the form of a dragon; he is depicted with a sting, mustache, branched horns, and an eight-top ridge-back]: Aurorin, Kozminsky 1949:327; Nanais: Bereznitsky 2003, Figure 139 [dragon with horns on his head (drawing from Lipsky's archive)]; Ivanov 1954 [drawing on a shaman's skirt: two horned snakes (legless dragons) their heads facing each other; under them, in the same position, a leopard and a tiger, between them a circle with a cross (sun?) ; snakes in the lower part of the skirt, with their heads pointing upwards]: 314, figure 166; Lopatin 1922 [a frog with gold and silver horns brings happiness and good luck; you have to throw her something from her clothes, she will drop their horns, they must be taken; many are frightened and do not take the opportunity]: 325; Okladnikov 1981, figs. 66 [dragon applique (mudur) on a festive women's costume], 70 and 71 [paintings with inclusion images of dragons (mudur) wearing shamanic costumes]; Poniatowski 2009 (recorded in 1914) [hunter gold heard a tiger roar, went to the place and saw a huge snake with horns on its head wrap around the tiger's legs; Gold grabbed a knife and cut the snake into several pieces; the freed tiger fell kneeled in front of him, bowed three times in gratitude and went to the forest]: 117; Udege [images of horned dragons on shamanic skirts (figures 195, 203, 208) and birch bark tambourine covers (fig. 224)]: Bereznitsky 2003, Figure 107; Ivanov 1954.

Japan. Japanese: Popov 1969 [(Hitachi-fudoki); a huge snake living south of Shirotori village wants to go to the East Sea; swarming the shore and making a lair breaks its horns; the area gets its name Tsunoore (horns)]: 52; Toropygina 2010 (Otogi-zoshi Homyo Doji (Homyo Boy), 14th-16th centuries) [a rich man lived in India, in the land of Haran; when his only son was eight, he was chosen as a sacrifice to a huge snake that lived in a mountain cave; a rich man goes to seek a replacement, finds an eight-year-old boy, Homyo, whose mother is begging; H. sells his life to a rich man and leaves home; before going down to the cave, H. prays; when the prayer is finished, from the cave Sixteen horns of the snake stick out, and it turns into a sixteen-year-old boy; the rich man makes H. his adopted son; the sovereign learns of H.'s filial reverence, he gives him the throne]: 241.

The Arctic. Central Yupik [on the sides of the Umiak boats depicts a pol-rai-yuk creature with a long body, six pairs of legs, a toothy mouth, and a pair of short horns; he used to live in the swamps of the Yukon-Kuskoquim Delta, ate people]: Nelson 1899:444-445; (cf. Greenland [kiliopak (or kukoriak, kukiopagak, atalik) is an animal with six or even ten legs; kugdlugiak is a worm, sometimes giant, with many legs, moving at monstrous speed]: Rink 1875:48).

NW Coast. See motive I79. Quakiutl [most data on siciutl: a snake with heads at both ends of the body; each head has a horn-shaped, curved protrusion; centered on the body a full-face anthropomorphic head with two with the same horns]: Boas 1932, No. 578 [they recently believe in the existence of a horned sea serpent with fire at the end of its tail]: 233; Coe 1972 [carved timber above the front wall of the house], figs. 89, 94; Gunn 1966 [horizontal beam inside the house]: 13; Harner, Elsasser 1965 [wooden mask]: 44-45; Macnair, Hoover, Neary 1984:150, fig.50 [wooden mask]; Rock 1924, Abb.1 (by Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Vol.v, pl.49) [wooden mask].

The coast is the Plateau. Puget Sound [Norka was trapped by Ayashos, the most powerful creature in the world; his front body is like a deer and the rest is a snake; he also caught his niece Otter, that almost died; people wanted to kill him but turned into birds]: Ballard 1929:124; (cf. chalkomel [tits are a snake with heads at both ends of the body; sticks them out of the lake; heads 15 cm in diameter, with round ears, with red circles on the crown; the black round body is more meters across; can stretch, but there is bloating in the middle; quacks like a duck]: Duff 1952:118); vishram [a horned serpent in the mountains swallows people; chased two brothers; arrows are not hurt him; they started throwing stones into his mouth, he choked to death]: Hanes 1998, No. 21:96-99; yakima: Hines 1992, No. 21 [the mountain split, people see a huge writhing snake with deer antlers on their heads], 22 [in rivers, mountains (where a landslide occurred) live huge horned rattlesnakes; one horn was white with yellow and black ends], 23 [those who see a horned serpent (with deer head and horns) die right away]: 81, 82, 83-84; umatilla [a horned serpent, aka a water elk, lives in a lake, causes water tornadoes and storms; can go ashore]: Blust 2000:528 (reference to Ray 1942:255 but it's not there); klikitat, kittitas, venatchi [horned land serpent]: Ray 1942:255; kördalen [horned water serpent]: Ray 1942:255; tolova [huge snakes, some with horns from dentalium shells on their heads, lived in lakes and rivers]: Drucker 1937:267; cous [girl bathes naked; a snake as thick as her hair swims up to her; she brings it home, keeps it in moist moss; the serpent grows, it has horns, they can't fit in the house; he crawls into the forest, brings deer, moose; brings whales from the sea; says she goes to sea forever, but will continue to send whales]: Frachtenberg 1913, No. 15:85-91.

The Midwest. Menominee: Bloomfield 1928, No. 68 [The creator raises the Earth from the depths, which has a human appearance, humans are Earth's grandchildren; she has a daughter; the Creator wants animals; the old woman does not tell daughter, leaving the house, turns north; she turns around, the wind penetrates her bosom, she gives birth to Menapus ("big rabbit"), then all birds and animals; Flint is the last to come out, kills mother at birth; an old woman buries her; her fire goes out; she tells M. that the owners of the fire live overseas; M. swims across the sea in a dolblenka, turns into a rabbit, picked up by two daughters of a blind owner fire; they plant him by the fire to warm up, he runs away, carrying the fire, the owner chases him; the Big Hairy Fish with horns carries him across the sea; he brings fire home], 116 [the widow remarries; stepfather mocks his stepson, leaves him alone without fire; the Great Mosquito and the Horned Serpent give their blessing to the young man]: 137-147, 555-559; Skinner, Satterlee 1915, No. II5 [see motif K35; horned snakes Two dangerous sisters guard the house; the hero scares off the guards, takes sisters as wives], II6 [older brother asks underground horned snakes for advice on how to kill the youngest; playing ball on ice, younger brother steps on a sharp snake's horn sticking out of the ice, unable to move; the sister lets two beavers into the ice-hole, they gnaw off the horn; three crows pull the end of the horn out of the younger brother's leg], II8 [see motive J19; the twins descend to the underground gods, killing the guardian, the horned serpent; four underground gods allow them to stay with them], II9 [the youngest of the ten Thunderbird Brothers grabs a horned serpent but is dragged away under water; two Snakes hold him under the hill with their copper tails; his son has made friends with his son Serpent; he reports that there is a hole in the top of the hill; Thunders kill the father and uncle of the Snake boy, free him brother], 49 [man sees Thunder carry a Horned Serpent into the clouds], 54 [Horned Serpent kidnaps a girl; gives game for her; causes storms on the lake], [kidnaps and kills a baby], 59 [a person dives into Lake Michigan; comes to the Bears and Beavers living under the hill; their guards are horned snakes; the person receives a love potion]: 322, 327-329, 341-342, 342-350, 485, 490-495 (cf. Skinner, Satterlee 1915, No. II10 [the girl comes to the Ten Thunderbird Brothers; they have copper beaks, they call her niece; they fly south in autumn, leave Chickady to take care of her; living in hairy snakes kidnap her at the spring; the thunders free her, turn her into a frog that screams in the spring; turn Chickady into a chikady]: 350-356); Western Swamp Cree (stone crees) [grandfather is lucky Ayā s to the island to collect bird eggs, tells you to move away, sails away in a boat; the Horned Serpent says that he is Grandma A., tells you to sit between the horns, drives you across the lake, asks me to say if a storm cloud appears ; A. denies that the cloud is close, says that it is only the noise of water being cut; jumps off the shore, lightning strikes the Horned Serpent; in the morning A. collects blood in a birch bark vessel, the Horned Serpent revives, sends to grandmother A. Frog; she does not repair his moccasins well, the stitches are wide; the next grandmother Mouse repairs well, warns of two blind old women with sharp elbows; A. comes to their house, says he is going to go out, he gets out of the teepee in another place, the old women pierce each other; from another old woman A. feeds poisoned food to a fox hidden under her clothes, throws a fox at the old woman, the fox kills her; A. comes to a scabbed woman who cuts wood; a bird tells her that her son has returned, she does not believe it at first; says A. that those people burn her face and hands every night; A. tells her to ask for a baby throw him into the fire, call him; A. says he will burn the earth, his grandfather and his people do not believe; he fires arrows, everything lights up; A. turns into a crow, his mother into a woodpecker; the woodpecker has a black back and a white apron on the chest]: Brightman 1989:105-112; Northern Ojibwa (Sandy Lake) [see motif K1; Wai-Mishus has two wives; one scratches her body with raspberry stems, accuses the other's son of trying rape; the young man's name is Iyas; V. leaves him on the island, tells the seagulls to kill; The seagull carries I. on his back, defecates on V., returns to the island; the Green-horned serpent carries I. to the other side; asks to let me know if a black cloud appears; I. is silent, the Thunderbird carries the snake, I. manages to jump ashore; revives the snake from pieces of its skin]: Ray, Stevens 1971:112-120; Northern Solto : Hallowell 1934 [thunder and lightning causes a huge, hawk-like bird]: 394; Skinner 1911:158 [like marsh crees], 171 [see motif K27; father-in-law goes with his son-in-law to catch sturgeon, pushes him into the water calls the snakes to swallow him; the Horned Serpent takes the young man to the shore, asks for warning if thunder sounds; the young man is silent; when he hears thunder, the Serpent throws the young man into the water, but the shore is already nearby]; eastern swamps Cree: Ellis 1885, No. 9 (West Bank Hall. James) [Ayas tyranted his wife, the son objected; then he went with his son to the island, left, left unnoticed; the young man was also Ayas; the horned creature was lucky to the shore, asking him to warn him if there was a thunderstorm; He ordered the shores to go by foam, sailed away himself; on the shore, A. saw Thunder smash his savior to pieces; a drop of splashing blood reproached him; A. came to his grandmother; she gave a small pot of food; if A. eats everything, he will not die when he meets dangerous creatures; A. ate with difficulty; entered the teepee, where there are two blind old women; moved their pot of food; they say that A. must have come; they want pierce him with his sharp elbows; he threw the skin on which he slept, the old women pierced each other; sharp bone shoulder blades hang above the path; A. jumped over them, but hit them, the dog barked, the owner ran out; A. disappeared into a hole, wearing a mink skin given by his grandmother; spent the night with a man who killed sleepers with his big leg; A. did not sleep, plunged his grandmother's point into his leg, killed a man; came to his mother; at his father another wife and child; A. told his mother to throw this child into the fire; when he sees his son, the father pretends to be happy with him; A. fired arrows, killed his father, the ground caught fire; his mother became a good plain by the lake, himself A . - the larch from which skis is made, old woman {stepmother A.?} - with a stone]: 45-59; Simms 1906 [on his son's grave, a person sees a rainbow first, then a horned serpent; he grabs him by the horns, he teaches rituals]: 335; Eastern Cree: Petitot 1886, No. 1 (Quebec, Lac Hameç ; on) [see motive K1; one of the two wives hates the other's son; asks for a live partridge, puts her under her clothes, scratched, accuses the young man (his name Ayatz) of trying to rape her; the father takes her he collects seagulls eggs on the island, throws him; A. puts on the skin of a seagull, flies above the water, falls on a rock; the water serpent Pisikiv plants him between the horns, tells him to warn him if thunderclouds appear, takes him ashore]: 451-459; Skinner 1911 [see motif K1; the father has two wives, he is jealous of one of them for the other's son; swims with him to the island to collect bird eggs, throws him; the Horned Monster carries a young man Asks to say if he hears thunder; the young man lies as if the Beast itself is making the roar they hear; next time it throws the rider into the water, but the shore is near; Thunder kills the Beast]: 92-93; chippewa: Barnouw 1977 [a shaman summons a Horned Serpent from the water, cuts off a piece of his flesh, makes a witchcraft], No. 28 [evil shaman], 29 [good shaman; sacrifices his children to the Snake]: 134-135 [ the hunter, his wife and young son live alone; Windigo comes, eats prey, brings killed people, but does not touch the owners; gives goodbye two arrows that do not know a miss; the other V. in the absence the hunter pulls out the woman's insides, devours the body; the hunter buries his wife's remains in the hollow; the boy plays, his arrows are picked up by another coming out of the hollow; asks his father not to talk about him; he came from the remains of the dead; the father hears two heads, catches the Wild; tells not to go to one, then to another lake; the boys go; the first one climbs the mountain into the Thunderbird's nest, bring two chicks, lightning shines from their eyes; in another lake they catch the Horned Serpent, also bring them home; they feed the Snake to the Chicks; the Father turns into Autumn Thunder, raised to heaven by the Chicks]; Ojibwa: Radin 1914, No. 35 [father envies his youngest son because he is a good hunter; sends him to kill a giant, a cougar, a horned water snake, an elk; a young man kills them all; puts on a moose, it freezes, he cannot free himself; his the sister turns into a wolf, finds her brother, makes a fire to free her brother; he lets the father and brothers eat the meat of a horned snake; they themselves turn into snakes; the young man cuts them to pieces; the pieces turn into toads, snakes, frogs]: 67-70; Radin, Reagan 1928, No. 42 [hunters visit the Thunderbird; passing by the lake, they see a snake in the water whose eyes and horns sparkle like a mirror]: 145-146; fox [everyone underwater spirits - scales and horns; meši ("great") -kenepikwa ("snail" in Cree and Ojibwa); common snake - manetowa (cf. Manitou u Ojibwa is a spirit, a supernatural character]: Dahlstrom 2003:2; sauk: Skinner 1928, No. 19 [the young man declares he can summon the Horned Serpent; a head with two appears above the water horns, red and blue; it turns out that a young man carved it out of wood], 20 [two young men see Thunder raising Misekinebik the Horned Serpent from the water; he asks for help; one of the young men shoots at Thunder, he lets go of a snake; soon a serpent takes him away in the form of a whirlpool], 15 [a stranger comes to bed with a woman; one girl sees him turn into a horned serpent; a woman gives birth to a hundred eggs; her husband takes them to the lake shore; hatched snakes crawl to the camp; people flee; snakes stay and die]: 158-159, 169; kickapoo [father is jealous of the youngest son for his hunting luck; tells the water The monster kills him; one horn is red and the other is green; the burden sticks to the horn sticking out from under the ice; the father tells people to leave his son; the sister stays with his brother, brings him his witchcraft remedy; he kills the Beast; see motive K43]: Jones 1915, No. 8:55-67; Steppe Ojibwa: Skinner 1919, No. 6-8 [see B3A motif; Nanybozhu takes a young Wolf as his companion; Horned Snakes they drag him under water; N. finds his trail, turns into a stump on the shore; wounds three of the largest snakes with arrows; the old toad goes to treat them; N. recognizes her song, kills her, puts on her skin; cries seeing the Wolf's hanging skin; kills snakes, driving arrows deeper into their wounds; grabbing the Wolf's skin, runs, the water follows him; Muskrat brings silt from the bottom; N. creates land; revives the Wolf, sends him to find out if it is great earth; The wolf returns after reaching middle age; next time he is old; N. is happy, turns the Wolf into a wolf], 2 [see motif L5; his wife has a snake lover, her husband kills him, cuts off his wife's head; The head pursues its two sons; they throw an awl, a needle, a thread, a knife; they turn into a mountain, thorny thickets, a Horned Serpent, a river; the Head allows the Snake to copulate with it through the occipital foramen, he skips it]: 283-288, 291-292; Steppe Cree: Ahenakew 1929 [see motive K27; two brothers ran away from their mother's severed head chasing them; Waimesosiv takes the elder into the boat, leaves the youngest; the young man marries his youngest daughter; the father-in-law takes his son-in-law to the island twice, first cut off willow branches, then collect crane feathers; both times he leaves, calls the Eagle first, then the Horned The snake eats his son-in-law; he kills both monsters with a hammer, puts on the skin of a seagull both times, flies back]: 313-316; Skinner 1918, No. 6 [a person gets a witchcraft potion, scraping a little off huge horns horned serpent living in the lake]: 362-363.

Northeast. Naskapi [see motive K1; the chief has two wives; the youngest is afraid that he will make the eldest son heir; asks the young man to shoot the partridge, puts it between his legs, scratched; the chief carries the son collecting birds' eggs, throwing them on the island; the Seagull is unable to lift the young man; the Horned Serpent (catfish) carries him; he lies as if the sky is clear; jumps ashore, the Thunder hits the Snake]: Speck 1915c, No. 1: 73; Montagnier [like Nascapi; Chief Ayasheu; Raven, two Loons unable to bear the young man, the Horned Creature transports]: Desbarats 1969:6-12; hurons [man agrees to kill mother-in-law, if the Horned Serpent makes him invincible; people find out about his crime, he flees to the Iroquois; eventually killed]: Hale 1888-1891:150-152; Viandot Hurons [a huge Serpent with large ones appeared from the lake with branchy antlers on her head like a deer; his fiancée put together a song and said: Sing it every year! ' She began to comb her hair, turned into a snake up to her chest, crawled; both dived into the lake; when they appear, the Snake husband has white horns and his wife has blue horns]: Barbados 1952:117; mohawks [man from the river gives an Indian a daughter as a wife; puts a hat with deer antlers on him; he turns into one of the horned snakes; if these river snakes appear to people too often, the Great Spirit strikes them with lightning]: Harrington 1906:127-129; Seneca: Cornplanter 1938, No. 7 [see motif K1C; people leave a poor girl on the island; the Horned Serpent carries her back, teaches her rituals along the way; begins to dive twelve times. every time she hits him with a new rod; a thunderstorm begins, the girl manages to reach the shore, lightning hits the Snake]: 73-80; Curtin, Hewitt 1918, No. 51 [girl marries a handsome stranger; he turns out to be the Horned Serpent; the Thunders kill him, send the girl home], 58 [The Horned Serpent kills those who fish in his lake; two boys playing ball with human heads cut off his head; other Snakes resurrect him]: 268-270, 296-308; Curtin, Hewitt 1918, No. 4 [see J4 motif; girl rejects suitors; marries a handsome stranger; it's a water serpent; a ball of snake hearts is hidden under a bed; The thunders ask her to help them; the Serpent's hearts hit her, they die; the Thunders cannot kill the Serpent holding one of the Thunders captive at the bottom of the lake; the woman kills the Serpent with an arrow, the prisoner is released; a woman returns to people], 119 [four men go to the horizon, then to heaven; see the Thunders chase and kill a huge horned serpent on the ground with lightning]: 86-90, 622; Hewitt 1928 [(=Curtin, Hewitt 1918, No. 119:607-632); a young man Dehaehyowe leads 28 young volunteers to sunset to scrape unknown people; many months go by killing people; a giant half a tree tells them stop killing, otherwise they themselves would die; they agreed; when they reached the big lake, they walked across the surface of the waters; on the opposite bank they saw the sky rise and fall; flocks of pigeons flew from the world beyond the edge of the sky, then came back; by this time 5 were alive; they hid the scalps they were carrying, four slipped under the edge of the sky, the fifth was crushed; in a country beyond the edge of the sky the trees are beautiful, their flowers give off a bright light that illuminates the whole country; local people play lacrosse; one plays rude, the chief throws his head into the tree as punishment while playing, the body pierces the trunk, the head is visible from the other side; after the game, the chief frees the offender; each of the four who comes is dismantled, washed the bones, reassembled, the bodies become strong and light; the hostess of the house (later admits that she is Luna) weaves a cape out of human hair; as soon as she leaves, her dog unweaves everything; later Luna says that every dead person gets one hair to her; when everything they will die and new hairs will stop appearing, she will finish her cape; local people come (these are Thunders), they do not eat food, but the smell that comes from it (exhalations); the hostess puts corn and seeds in the ash pumpkins, immediately they germinate, bear fruit; one of the people accidentally fires an arrow into the pond; when they return, the owners smell game; go to this body of water, kill the terrible enemy Great Blue with lightning A lizard; grateful to people for helping them find it; people see the ground below; there is a thunderstorm, a downpour; people see the Thunders chase and kill a huge horned serpent with lightning; horned snakes live underground; they will come out to earth at the end of the world; the heavenly leader tells the Thunders to rest, half of his body is made of ice; every day (i.e. year) turns one (winter) and then the other (summer) half of his body; the Thunders fight with a monster, for people it is a squirrel; people easily kill it, give the skin to the grateful mistress of the house; one of the visitors agrees to become a thunder named Thaw, or Warm Spring Wind; for this purpose he is pushed in a mortar; people visit the village of the dead, it is impossible to talk to them; they visit the house of the male Sun; in the spring they go down to earth, but the place where the village was covered with forest; they find a village, only an old woman I heard from my grandmother how people took the path of the Sun as a child; D. and his two companions talk about what they saw]: 792-806; onondaga [four men go to the horizon, then to heaven; see Thunder they drive and kill a huge horned serpent with lightning; horned snakes live underground; they will come to earth at the end of the world]: Hewitt 1928:805-806; mikmaq: Leland 1968 [see motive K27; a young man wants a leader's daughter; he demands to bring the head of a horned serpent; a young man's friend lures the snake out of the hole, cuts off a head with two horns]: 84-85; Parsons 1925, No. 3 [the old man has a snake horn; a young man (Var.: Gluscap) puts it on her head, his horn grows; the shark kidnaps his sister; people (Var.: Loon, Ducks, Partridge) come to pick her up in boats, bring her home; she takes the horn off her brother's head], 27 [girl rejects grooms; marries a young man who comes from a spring; gives birth to a son; the husband takes them to his world; the spouses become two horned snakes, the child into a small snake; disappear at the source], 3 [ the sorcerer sings, Vivilmec appears out of the water, he looks like a crocodile with horns; if you scrape his horn, this powder makes all living things grow old and die instantly]: 60-62, 95-96, 332; delaware : Bierhorst 1995, No. 64 [heroes caught the Horned Serpent on the seashore, made amulets out of its scales to cause rain], 80 [seven boys can take off and fall into the ground; the eighth does not know how; his grandfather takes him to the island, throws him there; the Horned Serpent carries him when he promises to see if storm clouds appear; the boy does not make his promise, the Thunders hit the Serpent in the moment when a boy jumps ashore; he becomes a friend of the Gromov; the other seven boys turn into red stones; some man thoughtlessly stains them; they turn into pine trees; too many people come to rest in their shade; then the boys go up to the sky, turn into the Pleiades], 142 [the young man does not hunt; his grandfather takes him to the island, throws him there "to fix it"; Skunk suggests take him home; a voice warns that the Skunk is weak; the young man sits on the Horned Serpent; they come back halfway, for the young man says a cloud has appeared; next time he is silent, the Thunders kill the Serpent, a young man jumps ashore; a grandfather teaches his grandson to kill a bear, the grandson is now like all young men (retelling the same text in Newcomb 1956:74-75)]: 43-44, 47, 63-64.

Plains. Sarsi [a blue-horned serpent emerges from the lake; it is attacked by the Thunderbird; both ask the man for help; he gives food to the Thunder, the Snake carries away the Thunder]: Goddard 1915:225-227; blacklegs: Josselin de Jong 1914 (piegan): 76-80 [the son-in-law takes all the meat from the parents of his three wives; they cook a clot of bison blood, he turns into a boy; the son-in-law is told that a girl was born; the boy is immediately becomes an adult; kills her son-in-law and two older sisters, leaves the youngest, she was kind to her parents; comes to people from whom everything was taken away by the Bear and the Bear; kills those by leaving them in their mouths hot stones; a snake with a horn in its forehead took everything from old women in another village; a blood clot cuts off her and other snakes's heads; kills the Witch Doctor, who lured people into his house; the Ballplayer (woman); another a woman who asked everyone to fight her; another one who rocked people on a swing above the lake; a blood clot asks her to swing first, cuts off the rope, she falls into the water, fish and aquatic creatures devour her ], 105-108 [a person sees a rattlesnake in the stream with one eye in its forehead and a horn above his eye; his eye and horn sparkle; a man asks for strength; the snake first threatens to kill him if he does not leave, pretends, what he cannot give strength; on the fourth day he gives strength and ritual songs; at the head of the squad, a man fights a Sioux; wins the martial arts of their leader named Iron Horn; both take the form different animals, a piegan kills an enemy, becoming a rattlesnake and biting an enemy in the nose who took the form of a bison; since then, the piegan has been the strongest]; Wissler 1912:237 [painting on a tipi; two horned snakes, heads above the entrance, the tails almost join on the back side of the tipi; the snake is considered female on the south side, male on the north side; above, on the part of the cover that covers the upper hole, are depicted 7 stars Ursa Major and the cross - butterfly or Pleiades (informants give different interpretations)], fig.31; Wissler, Duvall 1908, No. 2 [snakes eat all the food in the village; the main serpent has its head on his knees beauties, he has a horn on his head; the hero kills snakes]: 55-56; Grovanter: Cooper 1975:12-15 [lightning strikes water; Thunderbird raises and carries a horned serpent to the clouds], 474-475 [horned serpent transports the hero across the river; dives; the hero kills him, swims to the shore]; Kroeber 1908b [a snake-shaped water monster with human hands, short hind legs, horns on his head; he is an enemy of Thunder]: 278-279; Assiniboine: Clark 1966 [see motif K31; a horned, woolen monster transports two brothers across the sea home]: 297-301; Lowie 1909a, No. 7c [the older brother leaves the youngest on the island; he kills an enemy; scalps a horned water snake; sails on it to the mainland]: 152; crowe [two young men return from a campaign; a giant serpent lies in the way; they burn a passage in it, one eats roasted meat; turns into a horned and hairy snake; asks a friend to take him to the river; demands that he throw his girlfriend at his wife and bison; gives him military luck and makes him small any ford]: Lowie 1918:214-216; santi (watchpeton) [the world is covered with water; Wakan Tanka (Great Spirit) descends in the form of a rainbow, throws his two ribs when they fall into the water, they turn into two horned four-legged water monsters; from the right redra - male, from the left - female; VT teaches them to lead the Witch Doctor's Ritual; monsters command Gagara, another bird (Diver?) , Beaver and Muskrat dive; three emerge dead, VT revives them; Muskrat brings silt on its paws, monsters throw it west, land appears there, all animals have swam there; various groups of animals enter in the home; each appears with its own witch doctor's chants, this is how the Watchpeton society arises; later animals appear to people in dreams, teaching songs and rituals; monsters descend to the lower world; from their wool witch doctors appear]: Skinner 1920:273-278; santi [the older brother's wife wants to sleep with the younger brother, he refuses; she accuses the young man of trying to rape her; the husband promises Unktomi ( Spider) to marry his sister, tells him to take his brother to the Unvisited Island, leave him there; the Horned Monster transports the young man to the mainland]: Riggs 1893 [the young man marries two cannibals, they become normal women, give birth to him two sons; he wants to return home; wives ask his mother to call his father; this is Unktelia's horned water monster; they put hot stones in the monster's eyes, hang a basket with her husband on his horns, he transports them to the mainland; asks for warning if they notice a cloud; daughters do not warn; when a monster turns back, Thunder kills him; the monster is immortal, reborn]: 139-143; Wallis 1923, No. 17 [the young man gives the water monster eagle feathers, who transports him ashore; asks for warning if a cloud appears in the sky; the young man does not warn; the thunder kills the monster, the young man has time jump ashore; on the way home, he marries two cannibal daughters; they give birth to his sons]: 78-83; teton: Dorsey 1889 [a sea monster with one horn on its forehead, covered with red hair, with a body like a buffalo breaks the ice in Missouri in spring; a person who sees a monster dies]: 135; Erdoes, Ortiz 1984:237-242 (White River) [the witch turns into a huge snake-shaped monster Uncegila with with a horn on his head; whoever looks at him will go blind; he can only be killed by hitting the seventh spot from his head; two twin brothers, one of them blind, receive from the Old Ugly Woman (she turns into beautiful and young) an arrow that always hits the target; kill U., receive a magical gift], 218-222 (Brule) [a large Ungtehi snake with one horn on its head dammed Missouri, its children have dammed other rivers; flood, few people escaped on the mountains; four great cloud-clad (so their bodies are not visible), the ancient Wakinyan Thunderbirds fight them; Western: black (main), northern: red, eastern: yellow, southern: blue; lightning is coming from their eyes; the earth is burning; snakes are hit, turned to stone; this battle was in the first of four world eras - Tunka (Stone Age)]; Walker 1917 (oglala) [Unktehi - huge horned reptiles, live in water, break ravines, fight the Winged God]: 89; teton (oglala) [a young man kills an owl; his older brother's wife asks for it to her; he does not give it; she scratches his face and hips with a sharp stone, accuses the young man of attempted rape; the older brother tells his friends to leave the youngest on the island; the youngest eats berries, three tubers give him food for many days; he catches and paints the opossum, asks for help; the opossum hides in the lake; the Horned Serpent appears from the waters; transports him ashore; asks to say if a cloud appears; the young man does not speak, jumps on shore, Thunder kills the Serpent; on the way home, the young man sees a bison skull with mice in it, they sing that their grandfather is dead; a young man kills them; comes to an old woman, she calls him a son; at night he sees an old woman rubs paint on his leg, her leg gets longer; he killed an old woman with a crane's beak (always with him); burned it with her house; another woman has a hole in the top of her head, she pulls out her brains from there, mixes it into food; the gopher helped gnaw through a hole in the pot; the old woman fell asleep, the young man threw a hot stone into her hole in her head, burned it along with the house; the next old woman has two daughters, their vaginal teeth are gnashing; the young man kills both by inserting the crane's beak into their vaginas; since then, women are not dangerous; the young man sees that animals are chasing him, pretending to be an old man, the old stalker does not recognize him; the young man comes to his sister, her her husband beats her, the young man kills him; comes to his father, he dies of joy; the rest of the people are eaten by birds and animals]: Wissler 1907, No. 7:196-199; mandan [see M1 motif; the wind takes two hunters away island; a horned serpent carries them back across the sea]: Bowers 1950:198-199 [a snake with two horns and one big eye], 263 [snakes with one horn, with two horns and poplars, willows, grass growing between horns, offering themselves as carriers]; Omaha, Ponka [monsters with long bodies and horns on their heads live under the steep banks of Missouri]: Dorsey 1894:386; iowa [underground powers (apparently snakes) are depicted horned; when underwater forces show up from the water, the Thunders kill them]: Dorsey 1894:424-425; Shayens: Ewers 1981:42, fig.9 [painting on tipi; two water monsters with sharp straight horns and short legs; two rainbows emerge from each spin; a turtle silhouette above]; Kroeber 1900, No. 17 [two young men cross the river; a horned serpent of one kills; a shaman kills a snake; a friend of the deceased brings his corpse to an old woman living inside the mountain; she is an enemy of a snake, revives the deceased in the steam room; marries a daughter; inside the mountain there are bisons and corn]: 179-180 ; Marriott, Rachlin 1968 [two young men travel; find two big yats; one refuses to eat, the other cooks and eats them; turns into a snake with two horns on its head at night; feels well only in water; the satellite drags him to Mississippi; he is now the patron of the river; tells the companion to tell people to throw him bison meat and tobacco, then they will be blessed]: 51-55; arpaho [a horned serpent carries the hero across the river; in the middle wants to swallow or drown him; he jumps ashore]: Dorsey, Kroeber 1903, No. 10, 11:28, 30-31; Kiowa: Ewers 1981:42, fig.3 [ painting on a teepi model, collection Mooney, Smithsonian Institution; water monsters with straight sharp horns on their heads, a forked tail, and a catfish body], 4 [same, painting on bison skin; one of the monsters with a fish tail, fins and horns like a deer; another with sharp slightly curved horns, a snake-shaped body with a fish tail, one pair of fins; next to other creatures, including a thunderbird]; kiova-apache [two young men return from a hike; by the lake, one refuses to eat unknown eggs, the other thinks they are goose, eats; turns into a snake-shaped water monster with big eyes and big eyes hairy horns; tells a friend to throw four captured enemies at him; tells his relatives not to cry for him; a friend brings an enemy child four times, throws a monster to eat]: McAllister 1949, № 35:101-104; Spyro Mound (Arkansas) [engraved on shell cups; "Piasa": A monster with a snake's body and a predator's head with a pair of horns (sometimes clearly reindeer); often has wings and/or a rattle rattlesnake on the tail]: Phillips, Brown 1978, fig. 204, pl.68, 80, 81, 83, 115; Reilly 2004, fig. 5,6.

Southeast USA. Shawnee: Howard 1981:176 in Blust 2000 [water monsters live in pools of rivers and lakes, drown fishermen and bathers; are able to move underground; their leader has two horns - red and green; horned snakes are helper spirits for evil shamans]: 528; Trowbridge 1939 [several warriors climb a huge turtle; a servant asks not to do so; reports in the village that a turtle has taken them to the lake; shamans Aquatic creatures are summoned one at a time, found in the morning, revived, released; the last is a horned serpent; it is not revived, cut into pieces, amulets are made from them]: 43-45; yuchi [on painted a diagram showing a square square in the center of the village, with ritual buildings near the northern, western and southern edges; the line in front of the northern building means a horned serpent]: Speck 1909:111, Pl.xi; caddo: Dorsey 1905, No. 13 [people take an orphan to the island to collect bird eggs, throw him there; a horned water monster carries him on his back to the shore; asks for warning if the young man sees him in blue the sky is a star; the young man warns, the monster returns; for the sixth time the young man is silent, jumps ashore; the Evening Star kills the monster (with lightning?) ; as a man, thanks the young man for his help in killing a monster; takes him to heaven, which turns into a star next to the Evening Star]: 26-27; Isidro de Espinosa in Swanton 1942 [the woman has two daughters; the eldest is pregnant and is devoured by Kaddaya's huge horned serpent; the youngest climbs a tree, then jumps into the water, escapes; the mother of the deceased finds a drop of blood in her acorn shell; from it comes boy; grows up, hits K. with an arrow; rises to heaven with women, becomes a supreme deity]: 211; Natchez: Swanton 1929, No. 3 [cannibal kills his six sons; seventh runs away; hides in a tree above the river; the tree turns out to be the horn of a huge snake; strange people (bowlegged, blind in one eye, etc.) swim by in boats, singing about their deformities; a boat sails young women, they tell the young man to spit first when a spit hits the middle of the boat, tell him to jump; one becomes his wife, gives birth before the journey is over; the brothers' mother lives on the same river; various animals like rats tease her, changing her appearance and saying that they are her drowned children; when a son really comes with his wife and child, the mother does not believe; finally she watches, recognizes her son, dances; they all they sail further to the chief's house; agree to go out if the chief's wives lie close, walk through their bodies, stomping heavily, the wives let the wind; the chief takes out the eyes of all his wives; marries both the boy's mother and her dazzles, sends the young man to another place; he comes back, finds his eyes, makes his mother sighted again; twice; the young man picks up the leader's tambourine, they jump into the boat and sail away; the chief tells the other wives catch fugitives, but they are blind, but they can catch], 9 [a woman washes by the stream, her baby is carried away by the Puma; she raises him with his wife; does not tell him to go downhill; he goes, sees people, his mother, she plays ball; Puma sends it to people, decorates his hat with parrots, jays, small birds, gives him a horn; if you blow into it, the birds sing; does not tell you to talk to whoever comes out on the way; this is the Rabbit, he calls a young man to the river to catch turtles, steals his clothes; the young man covers himself with persimmon fruits, drags a turtle with him; only an old woman shelters him; he leaves a turtle in the pit, the old woman finds many there turtles; gives him a granddaughter as his wife; when swimming, he becomes handsome again and puts the fish to sleep, people pick it up; The rabbit tries to do the same, but only gudgeon emerges, and not because of the Rabbit; the young man asks his wife to parting her hair, cuts her with an ax; now he has two wives; The rabbit only kills his wife; the young man is told that he caused the murder; 1) is sent for arrow poles in reeds teeming with poisonous snakes; Puma gives him four balls, snakes rush after them; Puma also helps with advice in subsequent tasks; 2) get the ogre's beard to wrap the arrows; the ogre's wife cuts it off for the young man; 3) get clay from the bottom of the river; the kingfisher brings it under his claws, there is a lot of clay; 4) the young man is left on the other side of the river, where cannibals live; he hides in a hollow; he hides gives the clothes of two bathing women when they call themselves his wives; the father-in-law offers a running competition, always pushes his sons-in-law to the tips; the young man pushes him, helps him get up; closes at night with a mask, as if his eyes are open; his father-in-law sets fire to the house, but the wives take the young man out; they tell him to call a carrier by the river; the young man rejects various snakes, takes a snake with deer antlers as carriers; lets him eat on the way four dogs, saws off a horn; closer to the shore he fires an arrow, rushing after it]: 218-219, 234-239; Mud Glyph Cave (drawings on clay drips on the walls of a cave in Tennessee, Mississippi culture, 12th-17th centuries A.D.) [rough image of a horned serpent]: Faulkner, Deane, Earnest 1984:353-354; chirokee: Mooney 1900 [Uktena is a wood-thick snake; horns on the head, a glowing comb above his forehead, scales sparkles with sparks]: 297; Ten Kate 1889 [everyone who saw a horned serpent died; Shawnee Indian kills a snake while hiding from poison behind a wall of fire; snake scales and bones turn into amulets]: 55; screams: Swanton 1929, No. 24 [man turns into a boa constrictor with moose horns on his head], 25 [water snakes have horns of different colors], 26 [blue]: 32-34; alabama [horned serpent carries a hero across the sea]: Swanton 1929, No. 12:128; koasati: Swanton 1929, No. 12 [like Alabama], 13 [like Natchez, No. 9], 14 [see motive K27; an evil mother-in-law sends a man to where a horned serpent tries to kill him; he cuts him into pieces]: 175-176; alabama, koasati: Lankford 1987:211-221 in Archer 2000 [four older men go to search for the end of the world; they go west, for there, after going through the day, the sun is not so hot; they kill a turkey, a bear, instead of them are a mosquito, a hairy caterpillar; the mountain on the way turns out to be a turtle; with their legs wrapped in their bast, travelers turn out to be a mine forest with rattlesnakes; by the river they reject the Crocodile, The turtle, swim on the Horned Serpent, throwing its bones; the supply runs out, the latter is brought to the opposite bank, the Serpent swims after it, the riders go ashore; the sky beats against the ground; three slip , screaming, I'm a Puma, I'm a Lynx, I'm a Wolf; the fourth did not call himself a beast, crushed; the old woman tells me not to touch humans and animals; they touched the horse and the girl, they turned into skeletons; another old woman gives seeds of corn, sweet potato, potato, beans and other cultivated plants; travelers wake up at home, give people plants]: 193-197; Martin 197:25 [three brothers; one crushed], 57-60 [two sisters they go to get the Beaded Spit; the Owl shows the way to his own house, scatters his sister's necklace on the road, takes a few beads in his mouth; the girls take him for the true groom; in the evening they go to another house to dance, there are a lot of beads, they understand the deception, stay with the real Spitting Beads; at night, Owl kills an opponent with a knife; they decide to give his widows to someone who 1) fills the basket with his severed hair (Owl cuts off his sister's hair, but the basket is half empty, the girls' brother is full); 2) kills a white deer (Owl killed a dog, cut off his legs and head); 3) kills a white turkey; everyone sailed into the sea, his brother killed them, sank those people's boat with arrows, but Owl sailed out, married the girls, his brother stayed overseas; the cardinal tells him to climb a tree, take the stones; the cannibal sent her own Take three jaguar dogs, the young man drove them away with stones; the cannibal cooked the jaguars themselves, threw the bones into the sea, they came to life; the young man moves on; at the young man's request, the rattlesnake drove the cannibal away at night; the next nights, a white crane warns about the arrival of the cannibal; a clay pot; on the shore, a young man rejects a crocodile, a turtle, swims on a horned snake, throwing fried partridges in front of him, and then simply firing arrows; at home, a young man threw Owl's children into a boiling pot, killed him with an arrow himself]; chicasaw [sint-holo horned snakes ("sacred serpent") live in caves along rivers (creeks); usually invisible, but If a boy sees such a snake, he becomes wise; to get from one river to another, horned snakes cause rain and water rises; their voice is like thunder, but they are harmless to humans and cattle; the hunter saw a horned snake and Thunder fight, both asked for help, the man shot the snake, ran, followed by thunder; he escaped on the hill from the stream of water that was chasing him]: Swanton 1928b: 251; Moundville (Alabama) [horned and winged rattlesnakes on Walz pottery (Mississippi, Louisiana) Mississippi culture]: Fundaburk, Fundaburk Foreman 1957, pl.34; Phillips, Brown 1979, fig. 260; Waring, Holder 1968:23.

California. Yurok: Kroeber 1976, № A11 [the young man catches a snake, grows; the snake is horned, eats moose and deer; the grandmother throws hot coals at the snake, it disappears; the young man finds it in the sky; sits on the horn, the snake descends with him to the ground], B2 [as in A11; the wives of the young brothers harm the snake; the owner finds him lying on the trees; sets fire to the forest, the snake burns], C1 [the hero kills a horned serpent that swallowed boats; cuts parts; heart and lungs turn into rocks], U3 [=A11; serpent disappears], CC1 [starts as A11; serpent swims into the sea; luck leaves man]: 67, 165-167, 213, 410, 469-471; kato: Curtis 1976 (14) [at first there is only water; Jenesh finds a baby in the upper world; this is Nagai-cho, he grows up, C. gives him a woman; sends the Deer into the water, he goes east, stops; C. puts him a tree under his forehead, puts two stones on the sides of his head, turns it into the ground; when the Deer moves, the ground shudders; the wife runs away from N.; he sends the dog to put a huge horned rattlesnake across the path ; N. finds his wife dead, revives; C. is wise, N. only pretends to be knowledgeable, cannot walk on water; C. goes to the upper world, produces thunder]: 165-166; Goddard 1909, No. 25 [people find dead along the river fish; they kill a horned water monster with spears and arrows; they make fire on its head and tail; poison is prepared from its horn]: 226-227; kato, yuki [horned and feathered serpent lives in coastal reeds; can seduce a girl if she comes close to a place like this]: Essene 1942:48, 72; huchny [was a 100-foot long snake with one horn on her head; it took a hundred people to have it kill; another serpent wraps around the mountain and dies after biting its own tail; whoever crosses his bones dies]: Powell 1877:144; Yana [The month sends the Marten to bring firewood; The marten is grabbed by a huge a serpent with a horn; Marten says he is his uncle, the serpent lets him go]: Sapir 1910, No. 13:234; pomo [The raven puts his brother in the lake, tells him to stretch out; puts a basket decorated on his head red feathers; deer antlers on the sides of the head; makes abalone out of sparkling shells; this is Bagil, especially dangerous for menstruating women; when B. leaves the river, it dries up]: Barrett 1933, No. 44:200-201; screw [Horned Snake Woman kills Flintlock People; stalks a boy; swallows Crane, Beaver, etc.; Creator kills her and her sister Fire Drill]: Curtin 1898:445- 464.

Big Pool. White River Utah [two people kill a horned serpent living in a cave with arrows]: Smith 1992:72.

The Great Southwest. Navajo: Bahti 2000 [snakes are associated with lightning and depicted as horned]: 46; Opler 1940 [most southern atapasques, Navajo included, present the water monster as a horned bull] : 62; Western Apaches (San Carlos) [feathered snake-shaped water monsters with two horns]: Gifford 1940, No. 2986-2988:77; chiricahua [a water monster with two horns that looks like a bison]: Gifford 1940, No. 2988-2989:77; lipan [water monster resembles a crocodile with red or black horns]: Opler 1940:62; Hopi: Fewkes in Tyler 1964 [during a kiva ceremony, six images snakes appear from behind the screen; these are Palulukong water snakes; each has round bulging eyes, a crooked horn, a bunch of eagle feathers on its head; the central mother snake has four sacs, i.e. women's breasts, sides of the belly filled with cotton seeds, melons, pumpkins, corn; two little snakes on the mother's sides are her children, three snakes behind are males]: 246; Malotki, Gary 2001, No. 7 [young wife dies; Owl agrees to take her husband to the border of Maski (the world of the dead); the Old Spider gives him deer skin to wrap his legs, then teaches him what to do; he manages to pass through cacti; he kills an explosive arrow a snake who tried to block the way; crossing the river in a boat, slips between diverging and converging rocks; paralyzes giant Maasaw, a cougar on the roof of a kiva, with a potion; the Spider tells man not touch his wife, calmly watch the Master of the Dead meet in her; do not get along with the girl (this was his first girlfriend in life) who would be offered to him; a person does everything, gets his wife back; crossing the river, he splashes a potion on a horned water snake, which disappears; contrary to Spider's ban, he converges with his wife before reaching home; the wife flies away an owl]: 55-64; Parsons 1939 [living in springs horned or feathered snakes, as well as other aquatic creatures, are Cloud pets]: 184; Stephens 1929 [The Horned Serpent teaches people where to dig to find water], no. 20:55; Wallis 1936 [ appears out of the ground; turns the earth upside down with people], No. 2:18; Zunyi: Hultkrantz 1987 [The horned and feathered serpent lives in the sea and groundwater; can cause rain and do pregnant bathing women]: 97 in Blust 2000:527; Stevenson in Bunzel 1932 [an image of the horned water snake Kolowisi is carried during the initiation of little boys; water from the sacred is poured inside the figure the source, it flows out of the snake's mouth; seeds are also poured on the snake; it gives children vitality]: 247-249; Townsend 2005, pl.59 [a zunya vessel of the late 19th century depicting a pair of horned feathered snakes inside and the same pair on the outside; the corolla of the vessel in the form of four stepped elevations on four sides]; Tyler 1964 [the equivalent of the Palulukong Hopi horned snake in Zunya is Kolowisi]: 245; western ceres (Laguna) [(Boas considers the plot to be borrowed from the Spaniards, but this does not apply to the image of a horned snake); the girl finds a worm, puts it in a hole of water; it grows, makes the reservoir bigger, turns into a horned snake brings her into her underwater world, makes precious stones fall off the girl's hair while washing; she marries; while her husband is hunting, another woman drowns her, takes her place; but stones don't fall off her hair; her husband sees a real wife in the river, brings her back, kills a false wife]: Gunn 1917:269 in Boas 1928a: 269; Western Ceres (Akoma) [wall painting depicting symbols of clouds, rain, lightning, and a crawling horned snake beneath them]: White 1932, pl.11a; tiva: Parsons 1932 (Isleta) [two horned snakes about two feet long live in two caves a mile one from other; connected to the sun and lightning]: 343; 1940, No. 24 (Taos) [see motif L5; horned serpent (?) Pacoleana transports children across the river, chased by their mother's head]: 70-73; tiva (Nambe, San Juan) [two Horned Water Snakes live in waters (underground); send a flood to non-performers rituals]: Parsons 1929b: 274-275; Casas Grandes (Chihuahua State, Ramos Polychrome style, 1280-1450 AD) [polychrome painting on a vessel depicting two horned feathered snakes]: Townsend 2005, pl.57; Baja California, Cueva de la Cerpiente, Sierra de San Francisco, ca. 3000 bn. [painting with depicting standing anthropomorphic characters with arms spread and paired horns or protrusions on their heads, a deer (rabbit?) and snakes with deer antlers]: Thiemer-Sachse 2000, Abb. 13.

NW Mexico. Tarahumara [horned and big-eyed snakes live in rivers]: Lumholtz 1902 (1): 310; yaks, mayo [black water snakes with wild sheep horns cause flooding as they descend down the river ; a dwarf shoots at them, producing thunder; the rainbow is his bow]: 1943:64; Beals 1945b: 199-200; mayo [a snake with horns on its head descended from the sky; people tried to kill her, it turned into a tornado]: Olmos Aguilara 2005:241.

Mesoamerica Tarasca [drawing on a ceramic vessel from the Taraz capital, Tzintzunzan: a snake with its tail raised, a bird's beak and a horn on its head]: Corona Nuñez 1957:32-33; Aztecs [Mazacoatl ("Reindeer Snake") has deer antlers on its head, lives in a cave, draws victims in by breathing; small masoathletes are edible, increase potency, but when consumed excessively, cause constant erection and death]: Sahagún 1950-1982, book 11, folio 82v in Helmke, Nielsen 2008:22, 57; mountain guards [an unfit person is expelled from home, he is about to commit suicide; Sees a snake from the bridge, with two horns on its head, white and yellow; she takes it to sea to snake island; her parents give him a ring of happiness; the man returns, lives well]: Foster 1945a, No. 28:216; Veracruz Nahuatl, poluka [a serpent with golden horns crawls out of the ground when it rains; only a sorcerer sees it]: Münch 1983a: 171; Zapotecs: Parsons 1936:223, 332-334 [in San Pedro Quiatone settled in a Micah Indian; his house had a small pond; he turned into a snake, climbed there; a year later, a man in a black hat came and asked why this Micah was allowed to move in - he an aquatic creature, created a lake and will soon cause a flood; this man was a thunder (gente rayo), brought down a storm and lightning on the house where Micah lived; a large green creature with bull horns was seen in the lake - it was Micah killed by lightning; floods are caused by a horned water snake that lives in a spring and falls from the sky]; western miche [a snake with deer antlers (each with seven shoots) lives at the spring; also and in the clouds, falling from the sky, causing floods]: Beals 1945:94; Toor 1952:508; kekchi [when the earth trembled, people thought that the old witch was disturbing the underground horned serpent, it moves and causes earthquakes; Cassik's messengers came to the witch's cave to burn it; she said she must say goodbye to her rowers first; a boat was painted on the cave wall, she entered the drawing and sailed away; the earthquake stopped, but soon began again, the horned serpent began to spit smoke and fire through the mouth of the volcano; this time the witch agreed to go to the square, but took a ball of thread; only she can extract the worm from the snake's fang, then it will calm down; for the means to do this, she must fly to the clouds; stuck a stick, tied a thread, threw a ball into the sky, climbed the thread, no longer returned]: Gordon 1915:124; classical Maya, Calakmul [painting on a vessel depicting a horned serpent; the inscription indicates that the creature is associated with the royal dynasty of Calakmul]: Helmke, Nielsen 2008:22, 56; tsotsil: Guiteras-Holmes 196:268; Laughlin 1977, No. 38 [man sees horns protruding from the rock; lightning hits a rock without harming a person; this snake has done its horns ravines]: 155-156; Laughlin, Karasik 1988:208-209; juice [the old man goes for honey, finds a snake with cow horns in the cave; there are many different things around; the old man takes only his pants; goes out, sees instead of a horned giant snake; falls asleep on the way home; waking up and sees that his pants are gone]: Villa et al. 1975:227-229; chorti: Anónimo s.a. [a huge horned serpent crawls out of the cave, makes ravines, causes landslides, destroys villages; God threw lightning at him, Angels [Indians usually call thunder} killed]; Fought 1972, No. 2-4 [one horn; live underground, cause landslides, build rivers]: 83-111; Laughlin 1977 [Like the inhabitants of Sinacantan, the Chortis sacrifice the horned snake on May 3, Holy Cross Day, in connection with ceremonies around the springs; believe The horned serpent is the embodiment of the god of the center of the earth, the master of the waters, carrying a pair of golden horns at both ends of his body; with these horns he dug riverbeds; the gods strike him (with lightning) for summoning landslides]: 156; Milbrath 1999 [Chikkan snakes are half covered with feathers, half anthropomorphic; sometimes they have four horns on their heads; responsible for most atmospheric phenomena; on each side light at the bottom of the lake lives its own C. (or a pair of both); northern C. in early May (while the sun is at its zenith) brings rain]: 36 according to Wisdom 1940:393-397, 410-411; 196:444; shank [water flows out of the snake's body with heads on both at the ends of the body; horns on the heads; the La Paz River flows out of its horns, Los Esclavos from the nose, Maria-Linda from the anus]: López Ramírez 2007:84.

Honduras-Panama. Lenka [a serpent with horns lived like a cow in a lake, swallowed people; the priest poured holy water into the lake, the serpent turned into stone]: Chapman 1986 (2): 161; hikake [when the water monster Nen attacks the Sun, causing an eclipse, a man dies; when the moon is a woman; the moon is swallowed by the horned Nen, who lives halfway to the moon; he is angry with her when she passes by sometimes touches his home]: Chapman 1982, No. 28:114-115; sumu [voulas live in mountain lakes - snakes with deer antlers on their heads; swallow boats; can only be killed by lightning]: Conzemius 1932:169; doraske [people noticed that the girl was walking to a deep old man by the river; the father followed and saw a daughter sitting on a rock in the water, with a snake's head on her knees; at home, the daughter told him that since he had seen her, then let her be given a new hammock, calebass and bench; at night a serpent crawled in with horns on her head; the girl's mother traditionally gave him a calebass with a drink; girl: since you saw, let them know that she is pregnant and they will make a seven-layer shelter for her so that light does not enter her, she will give birth there; 7 guys and 7 girls spied and saw that the girl gave birth to a snake; girl: so don't lament now what would happen; the horned serpent father crawled out of the water and carried his wife and snake on the tail rings; a storm began, it rained, the water rose and flooded the village; only in the hut on the hill remained the old man and 5 girls; he gave each one a branch, a corncob and burning smut; told them to go to the ruler only at night; the girls lived in the ruler's house until they reached maturity; after marriage, they founded a new one village]: Miranda de Cabal 1974, No. 1:17-19.

The Northern Andes. Nonama: Torres de Arauz 1963 [the cow lives in the river]: 39; Wassen 1935, No. 5 [a man met a giant snake, it attacked, he ran away; when he returned to the same place, he found an egg, brought it home, hung up over the hearth; after 14 days, a snake hatched, went out by itself when it was time to eat, grew up, it had straight horns; parents went to the party, the daughter, who had her period, stayed; the snake got hungry, ate the girl; a talking parrot living in the house flew to people, told people about what had happened; people called a snake from home, offered corn, threw a hot stone into their mouths; found them in their stomachs dead girl]: 128-129; (cf. Antioquia [snake with ears and legs]: Robledo 1938:75); guajiro [looks like a bull but no legs]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1986 (2), No. 43:597.

Guiana. Varrau [the world's ocean and the part of the land immersed in it are enclosed within a cylindrical abyss; mountains run along the perimeter of the earth; in the center of the submerged part below the ground is the Goddess Nadir in the form of a snake, each with four heads topped with deer antlers and directed to one side of the world]: Wilbert 1981:38; (cf. waiwai [hoping to kill his son-in-law, father-in-law sends him to kill akri {agouti?} and frogs; in fact, Uruperi lives in this place - a snake covered with hair, with the legs of a jaguar; a man runs, grabs a tree; W. swallows it, but the man did not release the tree, W. regurgitated it; on human skin remains an imprint of the waratapi meander pattern, which covers W. (it is now reproduced on cassava screens); while inside W., the man became bald from the heat; died and soon came to life; went back to W.'s habitat; W. appeared as a man, gave a rattle covered with that with the same waratapi pattern; if you shake it, lightning flies out; if you point it at the beast, it kills it; W. warned not to show the rattle to others; the man became a good hunter; soon died, and the spirit of W. took the rattle]: Fock 1963:91-92; oyana: Darbois 1956, pl.12 [a wooden disc under the roof of the house shows double-headed snake-like creatures with four-legged legs], 60 [same: on the ritual wicker object to initiate boys]; Hartmann 1972, Abb.3 [same: on a wooden disc under the roof of the house]; aparai: Schultz-Kampfhenkel 1938:146 [same: petroglyphs], 168 [same: on wooden drive under the roof of the house]).

(Wed. Western Amazon. Shuar [snake with monkey skin and paws]: Pelizzaro in Forno 1969-1970:48).

The Central Andes. Peru's north coast, mochica culture vessels: Kutscher 1954, fig.42 [deer horns and (in two out of four cases) bodies]; Lehmann, Ubbelohde-Doering 1924, pl.62 below [horns; spotted like jaguar, body]; lambayeque culture (northern coast of Peru) [fabric with a repeated image of a standing anthropomorphic figure full face; the head below is framed by a profile image of a snake with heads on both ends of the body facing left and right; each of the snake's heads has a tongue sticking out, curved upwards and a short straight horn on the head]: Lavalle 1999:159 (a larger fragment of the same tissue with 40 repeated similar figures on the back of the cover) {character with similar attributes in other publications}; southern (?) coast of Peru (feathery fabric of the Wari culture) [two (red and black) double-headed horned snakes]: Lapiner 1976, fig.589; Sacramarca village (Huancavelica dep.) [Amaru first rises from the waters; he is the son of the Rainbow (Chirapa), he has deer antlers on his head, bat wings, short and thick legs; he eats people; Wind and Thunder kill him; after his death, the lake floods the plain; some say that A. rises to the sky in the form of a tornado; hail is its excrement]: Galindo 1990:225; (cf. Recuay culture (Pacas) [vessels of the requai culture in the form of snakes, y which are the head of a jaguar and usually also the legs of a jaguar]: Grieder 1978, fig.54-60; the Incas [a snake with ears and a beard comes out of Mount Pachatusan, hides in Lake Kibipai; two fire snakes come out of the mountain Ausangati; one heading to Putin's volcano near Arequipa; the other (with wings, ears, legs) to snowy peaks near Ayacucho]: Pachacuti in Yaranga Valderrama 1979:698).

Southern Amazon. Iranshah [young man goes looking for a wife; climbs a tree above the river; Mae -do -sol (Euchroma gigantea) takes his reflection for his own, wonders how beautiful she is; young man says she's ugly; she leads him to her, gives him chicha from excrement; he leaves; asks Mae -da -agua (a category of aquatic perfume with a fish tail, long hair, two horns ) transport it across the river; M. intend to fry it and eat it; the young man gives their children manioc starch, who teach him to jump off their father's back in the middle of the river, swim fast to the shore; the father turns children in jati s; a young man comes to the Sun village, becomes a new sun; see motif A1]: Pereira 1985, No. 4:45-55 I13A; paresi [Mawera (Cobra-caçadora is a huge black shiny snake with ears and horns; fangs protrude far out of the mouth, teeth along the back]: Rondon, Faria 1948:53 in Pereira 1986, No. 44:415 (approx. 998).

(Wed. Chaco. Belaieff 1958 [Chaco overall, no details; questionable source]: 61).

The Southern Cone. Araucans [there is a lake on the huge Tren Tren Mountain; it was inhabited by a huge snake Kai with an ox's head; its three arms were trees, its tail was rooted in the ground; slept open, awake with with their eyes closed; people came to poke her tail with sticks; she was tired of it, she took all the animals to heaven; these are the patron spirits (pillan) of today's animals]: Faron 1963:246.