Yu.E. Berezkin, E.N. Duvakin

Thematic classification and distribution of folklore and mythological motifs by area

Analytical catalogue

Introduction
Bibliography
Ethnicities and habitats

I84. The Milky Way - ski trail. 32.34.-.37.40.-.42.

The Milky Way is a ski trail.

Komi-Zyryans, Chulym Turks, Forest Nenets, Ents, Northern Selkups, Southern Selkups, Mansi, Northern, Eastern and Southern Khanty, Kets, Central (?) and Western Yakuts, Sym Evenks, Western Evenks (Nizhnyaya and Podkamennaya Tunguski, Angarsk), Far Eastern Evenks (Vitim-Olekminsky, Verkhnezesky, Orochons), (Russians of the Angara region), Negidals, Orochi, Udege, Nanai, Wilta, St. Lawrence, central yupik, inhalic, taltan, internal tlingit, tlingit.

(Wed. Baltoscandia. Reconstruction for a possible early condition, this is not the case in the sources. Finns, Karelians [the hunter tries to ski the giant Moose Hiisi rushing across the sky, but cannot do so or misses the prey, dreaming of the skin of an unkilled beast; hunter turned into the North Star, his ski track into the Milky Way, his elk into the Big Dipper]: Petrukhin 2003:68).

Volga - Perm. Komi Zyryans: Gribova 2013 [along with the designations of the Milky Way as Tui Duck, Dzodzog Tui, Kai Tui, Turi Tui (road of ducks, geese, birds, cranes), there is Lampa tui (ski trail)]: 13; Potanin 1993 [ The Milky Way: "Lampatuj" {correct: "Lampatuj"} - "ski trail" (reported by G. Lytkin)]: 942; Gibbon 1972 [The Milky Way - deer skiing trail]: 241; {V.D. Bondaletov [1983:207] calls "Ski Trail" as one of the Russian designations for the Milky Way, but does not specify the place and circumstances of the record. It is possible that such information was obtained from assimilated members of one of the Siberian peoples or from the Komi}.

Southern Siberia - Mongolia. The Chulym Turks [seven hunters caught up with the elk; the first was clairvoyant, three assistants behind, the other three were carrying food; frost hit, they froze and turned out to be the Milky Way]: Lukina 2004, No. 5.2:98.

Western Siberia. Forest Nenets: Adaev 2015 [the name of the Milky Way is "ski road"]: 212; Semenov 1994 (Nizhnevartovsk District) [Tyaptukage (a heavenly goose with anthropomorphic features) chased Milky Ways for the Seminoid Moose; after catching up, he tore off his three legs; the seminoid elk became the Ursa Major, and people can now catch moose]: 115; Mansi: Lukina 1990, No. 110 [Mos-Hum heard that Menki chase a six-legged moose; he jumped out of the cradle, drove himself, cut off his two hind legs; the road he drove along was the Milky Way, the elk was the Big Dipper; when the moose had six legs, people could not catch up]: 297; Rombandeev 2005, No. 43 [Moose had six legs and arms, no one could catch up; Moskhum went skiing, cut off Losya's hind legs with a saber, they fell side by side - four dim stars to the right of the constellation Moose; the elk has a convex rear since then; The elk has seven stars, the Moskhum Ski Track is visible in the sky]: 305-307; Eastern Khanty: Kulemzin, Lukina 1978, No. 1 (Vasyugan) [God created an eight-legged moose; sees that the hunter chases him (and cannot catch up); God's son put on skis, drove an elk, cut off 4 legs to make it easier for the hunter to catch up; the ski track is the Milky Way], 3 (Vasyugan) [Torom-pah drove a six-legged moose, cut off two legs ; said that people would be as small as a finger, how would they catch up; people began to be born with a little finger; where T. ran after a moose, there was a ski trail - the Milky Way; there is a six-legged elk nearby, every star is part of it bodies]: 15; Lukina 1990, No. 8 (b. Tromyegan) [father-in-law laughs at Torum's son, believes he is a bad hunter; T.'s son has a hard time catching up with a six-legged moose, cuts off a pair of his legs so that future people can catch up with moose ("Be four-legged, four-armed, with six legs, six arms, even exhausted me, but what should the future person do?") ; spread the meat on the water of the lake, only took his heart and tongue; attached the skin to the sky ("When white dolls, black dolls appear, you will mark dawn"); the moose trail he walked along was nailed to the sky with the tip of an onion so that people can navigate (Milky Way); brings language and heart to his father-in-law - let him eat, and then get lost and die]: 66-69; Northern Khanty: Solovar 2014 (Kazim) [relics khnym pănt 'Milky Way' (letters. 'ski trail ho')]: 183; Siikala 2008 (western 2002, informant Nikolai Nakhrachev) [The Milky Way is not a bird path {like the Finns}, but a "ski trail" (the ski is covered with reindeer skin taken from front legs; such a trail disappears quickly, invisible to wild animals); this hero Moś was skiing, two tracks are visible, snow is scattered around]: 5; southern Khanty [at S. Patkanov (Patkanov 1897, I: 118-119) for the Irtysh Ostyaks: "Ski Way"]: Erdődi 1968:116; Entsy [Dia (trickster) is skiing across the sky; his trail is the Milky Way]: Dolgikh 1961:15-27; 1986 [ Dia lives with her mother on the bank of the Yenisei; swims in a corn boat, the paddle is a blade of grass; he caught fish, pike bit off his genitals; then rogues and adventures; he gets a girl as his wife; leaves her with his mother, himself takes her father's skis to look for the daughter of the Sun; 11 days later, a girl tells his mother that the Milky Way has appeared in the sky]: 55; the southern Selkups (records by K. Donner, 1911-1913) [The Milky Way is the ski trail of God's son (Tym); he was skiing on the ground and froze on the way (Ket)]: Alatalo 2004, No. 81, 1043:15-16, 154; Northern Selkups: Prokofiev 1976 [Oia (Iy) - Son of Heaven god Noma; once went skiing hunting; N. warned that there would be a blizzard, I. did not listen, froze to death; the Selkups call the east wind "Oia ate the Wind"; left by Oi the trail is the Milky Way; according to other ideas, the Milky Way is Oia's seine, which he hangs in the evenings, attaching it to the North Star to dry; the seine is wet with fish scales stuck in it, so it sparkles]: 198 (retelling in Tuchkov 2004:170); Kets: Anuchin 1914 [The Milky Way is the road of hero Alba; he paved it in search of the Owners]: 7; Dulzon 1972, No. 85 [son I went hunting for the sky; my father told me to dress warmer, he did not listen, he froze; the trail of his ski track was the Milky Way; the wife of heaven was angry that her husband had frozen her son; went down and said: "At the entrance to the sea, there was a stone I'll make it a plague, water will flow on both sides of it. No one can pick me up. The current will bring all the garbage to me, and I will hear its friction (singing). You're a god, I'm a goddess too. When you think about it, I'll guess "]: 103-104.

Eastern Siberia. Yakuts [Milky Way - Hallaan Siige - "heavenly seam", or aiyy wholun khaiyharyn suola - "a ski track laid by Ayyy's son"]: Gogolev 1983:27; Central Yakuts: Pripuzov 1885 (Western- Kangalassky Ulus) [The Milky Way is the trace left by God's son when he skied across the sky]: 62; Tolokonsky 1914, No. 110 (the place of recording is not specified, mentions the mediation of A. Kulakovsky; probably central) [The Milky Way is the hero Hallan Wal's ski track; he paved it, always chasing pretty women and girls]: 87-88; Western Yakuts (Olekma) [son of heaven Hallaan Wala skied after a deer and left a road (trail) in the sky, i.e. the Milky Way]: Potanin in Ergis 1974:135; Evenks in Khabarovsk Krai: Arsenyev 1995 (3) [a man chased a moose and a calf; the calf caught up in the sky, threw it to the ground, since then there have been elks on the ground; the ski trail remained in the sky (Milky Way - Mangi-Udyan); the uterus could not catch up, it fell into the sea, turned into a whale; abandoned elk's shovel - Cassiopeia]: 179: Varlamova 2002 [Mangi chased 8 girls on iron flying skis; the Big Dipper blocked the road, she's spinning; those girls are the stars of Orion (Chapakte) Mangas are a star near Orion, Manga Road is the Milky Way]: 33; Erbogachen Evenks (upper reaches of Nizhnyaya Tunguska) [the giant has a wife and daughter; in old age, his wife gave birth to a son Manga-Dyromgo with three eyes in his forehead; he curls the beasts' necks, brings her home alive so that the meat does not deteriorate; her sister asked to take her hunting, dull, MD twisted her neck, brought it like prey; her father wanted to cook her to dinner, but her mother straightened her neck, and MD ran away from home; decided to go to heaven; skis to a hole in a transparent cap above the ground, walks across the sky; catches up with two hunters; Hurried (extreme star B. Bears) hurries Khvastun (middle star B. Bears) to catch up with the moose (four stars of the bucket) before it disappears from view in the morning; The bragger, with a bowler hat (Alcor) behind his back, says in advance that he will be the first to catch up with the moose, will cook meat; Mangy- Döromgo (Orion) walks with them, overtakes them, crosses the sky on skis, kills a moose with an arrow (three stars from Orion to B. Bear) under the shoulder blade; calf (first star B. Bears) fell, found himself on the ground, the current moose come from him; MD comes to the tent in which an old woman and her daughter; marries her daughter; misses the earth; walks to the edge of the sky and cries; answers his mother-in-law that his eyes are red because the peaks of the earth's forest hit his eyes; his mother-in-law goes to punish the forest, the trees explain that they are not to blame; the mother-in-law gives MD to an eight-legged horse with sharp hooves, who brings him to to her native camp; there is sister MD, who ate her parents and became a cannibal; at night she hides an ax under her headboard, but MD sees it with her third eye; sealed her sleeping sister's eyes, galloped off, but sharp the horse's hooves get stuck in the ground; manages to slip into a hole in the sky, where it jumps easily along the smooth surface of the sky, and the pursuer slides; the mother-in-law melted metals in the boilers, pushed the giantess into them- pursuer, kept in everyone; she rushed to the ground, crashed; since then there have been placers and deposits of gold, silver and other metals on earth]: Pezhemsky 1936, No. 2:273-275; Evenki Orochons [The Milky Way - Mani and his dogs hunting trail]: Mazin 1984:10; Lower Angara Evenks [Manga's space bear plays the role of a sun moose deer hunter; drives him from east to west; Milky The path is the trail of his skis, the Big Dipper is the half-eaten legs of an elk, Orion is the elk turntable he threw; when he showed up, the bear could hardly drag his legs at the end, so in the west the Milky Way has two lanes, not one]: Titov 1923 in Anisimov 1959:15; Evenks: Vasilevich 1959: [1) (Vitim - Olekma, Chita Region) giant Changit was skiing after a sky moose, demolished its tail and head; torso and legs - B. Bear, ski track - Milky Way; 2) (Amur Evenks, r. Urmi); Mangi chased an elk with a cub, his ski track was the Milky Way; the moose went to sea, became a mammoth; brought bone from the back leg of the cub, from which the earth's moose come from]: 162-163; Baikal Evenks (p. Cold, P.P. Lekareva, 2007) [The Milky Way is a bear's ski track he left from chasing a goat. The bear caught up with the goat and "tore it apart", each, including its insides, remained a constellation in the sky. The names of the constellations are associated with horns, ears, hooves, hind and front legs, all internal organs]: Simonova 2008:179; Sym Evenks: Vasilevich 1959 [hero Chakiptylan wanted to kill sky moose, chased, fired an arrow, it hit the leg of an elk; Action (the spirit of the upper world) stopped it and made it rot in one place for wanting to kill the sky moose; four stars The Big Dipper is the elk, three are its shadow, the small star near the right of the lower ones is the Chakiptylan arrow; the Tulngudek Milky Way is the "Chakiptylan ski route", between the Milky Way and the Ursa Major a small group of stars - the ever-decaying Chakiptylan]: 163; Lukina 2004, No. 3.32 [The Milky Way - Mani Hunter's Ski Track]: 86; Osharov 1936a (western 1928) [Hoglen's elk stole the sun, ran across the sky; Mani ran after him on skis; the first arrow flew by, the second M. stopped Hoglen, brought back the day; this happens every night]: 13; Evenks k west of Lena (Sym-Chirombu, Dubchas, Nizhnyaya Tunguska, Srednyaya Tunguska) [Tulngudak {originally in Latin with diactress} - skier {i.e. ski track}; Milky Way]: Vasilevich 1934:207; Upper Sea Evenks (Upper Aldan or Uchursko-Zeisky) [one of the two brothers went hunting, attacked the trail of an elk; when he followed the trail, some bright and bright creature crossed his path; then a hunter saw that an elk had already been killed and a brilliant man on blue skis was standing beside him; the man invited the hunter to lunch; while eating, he was pushing pieces under his arms because he had no mouth; when he fell asleep, the hunter stole his skis, got on them, they rushed him like a whirlwind; with their help, the hunter quickly returned home; his older brother ordered the skis to be returned to their owner; the hunter refused, then his brother decided To do it himself; he skied, slightly touching the snow; when the skis stopped, the hunter's elder brother saw a man sleeping with bright rays radiating; his older brother put his skis near him, hid and waited; the man woke up, got on skis, rushed through the snow, rose into the air; the silver dust that rose remained in the sky-this is how the Milky Way turned out]: Zevenis 196:84-85; (cf. Russians of the Angara region [Russian Priang. The plague 'Milky Way constellation' should be identified with dial. plague 'ski trail' and then link to the ski track; the latter, apparently, is a derivative with the suffix -search based on a borrowing from the Evenki language]: Anikin 2017:17).

Amur - Sakhalin. Negidals [Mangi chased Moose with his calf, caught up on the seashore; Moose jumped into the waves, became a whale; M.'s calf caught by the knee of his back leg (there is now a dimple), threw on the ground, it became a moose; the Milky Way is M.'s ski trail]: Khasanova, Pevnov 2003, No. 8:57, 153-154; Orochi: Bereznitsky 1999, No. 17 [Sangimat's hero skied across the sky, leaving a trace - The Milky Way; stepped on big stars, they crumbled to form Great Madevedita and Little Bear]: 150; Margaritov 1888 [Anduri divided animals into genera, singled out man; man lived Alone, the Duck came to him; gradually spoke like a human being, then became a woman, gave birth to a son and a daughter; the father settled them in a separate yurt in the taiga; the brother goes hunting, the sister behaves strangely; builds a new yurt in the taiga, tells her brother that she saw her as a naked woman who asked her to send her brother to her; after resorting to this deception, the sister married her brother and gave birth to children; the boy wants to kill the squirrel, which says that his parents are brother and sister; father and mother admitted that this was so; the boy put them on a boat without oars, let them go to sea; he felt sorry for his parents, he asked A. to find them; he took him to sky, gave skis; the Milky Way is his ski track]: 28-29; Sternberg 1933 [The Milky Way is the ski trail of the inhabitants of the sky; once the ski broke, the trail was broken in one place (gaps in the Milky Way)]: 426; Udege people: Bereznitsky 2003, No. 3 (Iman) [brother went hunting, sister combed one half of her head before lunch and the other in the afternoon; the iron bird chinda salt marker took his sister to heaven when she managed to comb half of her head; her brother went skiing, his trail was the Milky Way; stayed with her sister and MF]: 80-81 (=2005, No. 19:467-468); Podmaskin 1991, No. 15 [(=Podmaskin, Kireeva 2010:16); young hunter Egdiga and the husband of the landlady, old Kanda, competed in shooting at live targets, chased musk deer; E. won; then skiing; started running at sunrise, walked through the middle sky; E. won; there is a trace left - the Milky Way; one straight ski track E., the other curve breaking off at the edge of the sky - K.]: 124; Nanais: Lopatin 1922 [The Milky Way is the trail of some hero who passed skiing in the sky]: 331; Sangi 1989 [=Medvedev 1992:235-238; older brother Akia was married, had a son, the youngest Ude is lonely; he grows up easily, does any job easily, is done by a giant, can no longer live on earth; goes to the sky, the Milky Way is his ski track; renews it in autumn, the Milky Way is more visible; if the ski track is across the Amur, there will be little chum salmon, and if along it, a lot]: 246-248 (the same without noticeable differences Sam, Sem 2020, No. 11:99-100); Smolyak 1991 [The Milky Way - Uden Soxina-Shihani (Musk Deer Ski Trail)]: 21; Sam 2001 [Ude male, Ake female got married, quarreled and broke up; A. out of a stick her husband's relatives skis and flew to the sky; the trail from her ski track is the Milky Way]:? ; Sternberg 1933 [The Milky Way - the trail of a man skiing in the sky]: 501; Ulchi, Orochi [The Milky Way - Hero Husegdien's ski trail also in Oroches and Ulchi]: Podmaskin 2013:39; ulchi [Milky Way - Uden soxina-shihani (Musk deer Ski Trail)]: Smolyak 1991:21; Wilta [Milky Way - Hunter Uziga goes skiing for a moose]: Podmaskin 2006:430-431; (cf. Wilta [Sangimata hero Merge was skiing across the sky and crushed one big star (the origin of the stars)]: Ozolina 2019:171).

The Arctic. St. Lawrence [Tanglurallret (pl.) - The Milky Way (from tanglug, skiing, snowshoe, because in myth it's a Raven ski track]: Jacobson 1984:359; central Yupik: Amos, Amos 2003 (Chupik dialect) [Milky The path is Tanglurallret, from the word "ski"; it's a ski trail in myth]: 310; Jacobson 1984:359 in MacDonald 1998 [The Milky Way - Tanglurallet (from "skiing")]: 91; Zagoskin (hall. Norton) in MacDonald 1998 [The Milky Way - Tanglukhuatlyat (from "skiing")]: 91; Krenov 1951 [The Milky Way is the Raven's ski track left over from when he went to get stars; see motif A26]: 194; Nelson 1899 [The Milky Way is the Raven's ski track left over from one of his trips when he created the land]: 449; Tennant, Bitar 1981 (Yukon and Cuskoquim Delta) [dark all the time; the Raven brags what it will get light; men pierced him for lying; he recovered, went east; the stars {obviously the Milky Way} were his ski track, they then appeared; reached a home in which a man and a woman; wished that the woman wanted to drink; threw herself into a vessel filled with water {in the form of a needle?} , she drank, became pregnant, gave birth to a boy; asks for glowing bubbles hanging on the wall to play; dark bubbles hang at the other end; while the owners are distracted, the Raven goes skiing, carrying bubbles; when abruptly It lets air out of them, the days are long, when they are slowly short; where he stumbled, there is a misty group of stars]: 179-181.

Subarctic. Ingalic: Nelson in Vanstone 1978 [Milky Way - Raven Ski Track]: 61; Osgood 1959 [The raven lives near the river that separates the world of the dead from ours; he has pointed skis, as can be seen from a cloud trail in the sky {apparently the Milky Way, not clouds}; nearby is the home of Raven's wife; dead women on their way to another world spending several days with Raven, and dead men with his wife; Raven's wife wants more men to come to her, so she shakes the stone pillar that Denato has supported the sky; this causes earthquakes]: 104; taltan [The Milky Way is lots of skiers trying to reach heaven and the land of the dead; someone turned them and their ski track into stars]: Teit 1919, No. 6:229.

NW Coast. The Tlingits [brothers and dog chase the cloud or the Dry Cloud (character name); end up in the sky; the Milky Way is their ski track]: De Laguna 1972 [one of four or eight mischievous brothers wants their dog to chase a red cloud in the east]: 875-879; Swanton 1909, No. 31 [Dry Cloud], 96, 97:102, 296-298; inner tlingit: McClelland 2007, No. 171a [sister has a period, her three brothers pulled off the curtain the girl was behind; they all set off; two brothers and a girl were petrified, and the third, Lkayakw, rose to heaven; the Milky Way is his ski trail], 171b [ the husband kills the babies his wife gives birth to; she converges with the dog, secretly gives birth to four puppies - three males and a female; notices that in her absence they turn into humans; grabs their dog skins, they remain human; the eldest is Lkayakw; they kill the woman's husband; the sister is menstruating, the mother covers the place where her daughter is sitting with her skin, but L. breaks the curtain every time; the mother sends him to kill a big mouse ; kill a shaman named Daylight Is Coming; the old woman teaches how to do it; the chipboard sleeps with her eyes open, awake with his eyes closed; L. cuts off his head, sprinkles ash on his body and head, his head does not can grow back; turns into a mountain; sister and one of his brothers turn into stones; L. goes to heaven, his ski track is the Milky Way]: 753-754, 754-764.