I8D. Peace pillars: pillars, mountains.
Theearth or sky is supported by mountains, pillars, nails, trees.
Bantu-speaking Africa. Luya [Wele xakaba first created the sky; placed pillars supporting it around the perimeter, like the pillars supporting the roof of a circular house]: Wagner 1955:28; congo [sky is like the roof of the house, somewhere far away, the sky rests on poles; those who have visited England are often asked if they have seen the pillars on which the sky rests; a river flows through the sky when it washes away the bed, flows on the ground it's raining]: Weeks 1909a: 59; ngombe [in the east, the sky supports Libanja at the Libanja pole, Songo in the west; if they get tired and drop the sky, people will turn into lizards]: Scheub 2000:9; uta [when Nzambi will bring the sky to the ground, men will turn into lizards and women into frogs; to do this, he will bring down the pillars on which the sky rests; var: a dead woman is trying to bring them down]: Andersson 1974:34.
West Africa. Mandara [the flat sky above the flat ground rests on four pillars; a woman protects them from termites]: Lembezat 196:52; catch-up: Griaule 1938:43-44 [at the center of every tier of the world there is an iron pole supporting the next tier; they were put by Amma], 47 [Once the Earth began to argue with Heaven that it was older; Amma removed the pole in anger, the sky fell to the ground; only the old people who had become survived by snakes; Earth has recognized the supremacy of Heaven
Australia. Vurunjerry, viimbayo [the sky rests on pillars; if they rot, it will fall, everyone will drown in bursting cloud water tanks]: Waterman 1987, No. 9 (1): 21; Vurunjerry [ man at the edge of the world is watching the pillars of the sky]: Waterman 1987, No. 9 (2): 21; arunta [the sky rests on pillars, they may one day collapse]: Strehlow et al. 1907:1f in Pettazzoni 1224:152.
Melanesia. San Cristobal [the island stands on a stone pillar; during an earthquake, the pillar wobbles, but a turtle (usually with a bird's head) keeps it from falling]: Fox, Drew 1915:182; Fox 1924:133 -134.
Micronesia-Polynesia. Marshall Islands: Tobin 2002, No. 1 [to prevent the sky from falling, the creator of the world placed four pillars to the cardinal points, bending them towards each other], 3 [four men each placed a pole on at the four ends of the world; the sky rests on the pillars; the man in the north is an ogre, so the patient is not carried to the north]: 15, 48; Moriori [Sky Rangi and his wife Earth-Papa were lying in their arms; Rangi-tokona (" Sky-propper") asked them to move away, but they refused; then he spelled the sky away from the ground, ahead of him by 10 pegs placed one on top of the other (cf. Altair as Maori's "Heaven Support")]: Makemson 1944:63-64; the Maori [Rangi-nui (Father Sky) descended to Papa-tua-Nuku (Mother Earth), gave birth to Po-Tane and his brothers; they raised the Ranks with spells holding him four pegs to the cardinal points; Tane told the brothers to take out an ax from under their older brother's pillow and use it to make a second one; with these axes T. cut off Ranga's hands, raised it to the current one height; Dad with baby on her chest protested; then she was turned face down; her grown baby lives underground, responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions]: Makemson 1941:64-65; Hawaii [the sky rests on four pillars at the four corners of the earth; Māori and Moriori have only one pillar]: Makenson 1941:199; Samoa [1) flat ground is supported by a pillar; when Mafui (Maui) is angry, he shakes a pole, an earthquake occurs; 2) Ti'iti'i-Atalanga holds Savaii Island on his left hand; if he held it on his right hand, he would break the island to pieces, but Mafui killed him right; M. was considered the god of earthquakes, but Ti'iti'i-Atalanga supported the islands]: Williamson 1933 (2): 210-211; Bellona [the Nerita shell surfaced from the water, it had soil; the first living being a pangati beetle became on the island; then an arrowroot grew, and the sky rested on it; Tangangoa decided to lift it, but its height was insufficient; another god pushed the sky away with a priestly rod, supporting it]: Monberg 1966:31.
Tibet is the Northeast of India. Kachin: Zapadova 1977 [masculine and feminine principles arose and combined in emptiness, gave birth to King Ingaunuamagan; he surrounded the earth with a naga dragon when he moves, happens earthquake; supported the sky with four pillars, placed the fifth in the center; this pillar was too high, celestials appeared from the sawn off upper part, living in water from the sawn off lower part; central the pillar that connects heaven and earth has become the Sotpunnu tree, the source of human well-being]: 144-145; Gilhodes 1908 [Ningkong wa puts 4 pillars to support the sky]: 679; garo [the earth is flat, square, hung in the corners by ropes to the sky; on each of the four ropes lives a squirrel trying to gnaw it; four blind people stand side by side, driving away squirrels with bamboo sticks; when one of them falls asleep, the squirrel manages to loosen the rope, an earthquake occurs; var: the earth is like a table with four legs; a mouse runs along its legs and the ground shudders]: Playfair 1909:88; Taraon (Digaru) Mishmi: Elwin 1958b, No. 14 [the earth rests on four pillars in a pond; fish swim between the pillars; earthquakes occur when they hit them], No. 15 [the earth rests on a pole; from time to time The Devibri snake tries to destroy people and shakes a pole]: 99; Mishmi [first one water; the god Techimdum surfaced, looked around, erected a pillar; white ants crawled over it, carrying particles of earth from the bottom, they put them on water, land appeared; T. put them on a pole in four corners of the world, ants climbed and along them, land appeared; where they laid more land, mountains; a river flowed from the mountain, filled the lake, it it spilled; brother and sister escaped at the top of the hill; god Drakob extracted fire for them by friction, set fire to the forest; the water was dry, but now everything was burning; brother and sister escaped from the fire behind a wall of banana leaves; married, gave birth to humans, wife brought, planted seeds of all plants]: Elwin 1958a, No. 18:21-22; Mikir (Karbi): Stack, Lyall 1908 [gods Hèmphū and Mukráng put four pillars on the edges of the future land, tied them with the hair of their mothers; the wife of the god Bāmon was sent to Hāyóng, the god of the lower world, but he did not give land; when she left, she picked up the worm garbage, hid it on breasts; sent the king of earthworms, he processed this particle, it all grew, turned into earth; the blacksmith Kapráng dried the earth with furs]: 70-71; Lyall 1909:70-72 in Mandal 2009 [gods Hèmph& #363; and Mukráng placed four pillars on the edges of the future earth, tied them with their mother's hair; began to wonder where to get land; a hundred gods and their wives decided to send the god's wife Bamon beyond the land to another peace to the god Hajong, but he did not give it; on the way back, Bamonpi (i.e. B.'s wife) picked up the worm excrement; sent Helong Recho for the king of earthworms, who turned the particle into a mainland; she was soft and wet, the blacksmith Kaprang dried it; to get plants, they sent for Rekbepi, who is at the pillar at sunset; she came and sowed plants; Pithe and Pothe ("great mother" and great" father" helped H. and M. create animals; first an elephant, then a tiger; the first man created was Bamonpo, he created two wives, one mikir and the other assamka; they did not give birth for a long time; then the assamka sent husband to his brother, who gave his wives two oranges; on the way back, while B. was swimming, the crow took one orange; the Mikir wife was left without an orange, but ate the peel and gave birth to a son Ram; the assamka gave birth to a son Chaputi; R. was strong, C. was weak; R. found an egg, brought it, and a girl came out of it; demons tried to steal it, but R. returned it and married it, she gave birth to many children, their descendants Hindus; decided to build tower to heaven; gods and demons were afraid that these giants would take away their sky; they mixed their tongues, people went in different directions]: 78-79; the naga of Burma [the tree growing in the sky has roots reaching the ground; a woman in heaven wants to destroy the earth, starts cutting roots, an earthquake occurs; her maid stings the woman's children, they cry, the woman goes to them, the maid overgrows the felling on the roots]: Zapadova 1977:229-230.
Burma - Indochina. The Viets [heaven and earth were one dark mass; God was born in it; with his head resting on the sky, he raised it; the earth became flat as a square tray, the sky like an overturned bowl; God built a pillar supporting the sky; when the sky hardened, destroyed it, scattered the debris, turned mountains]: Knorozova 2000:21-22; khmu ["leg of heaven" is a pillar full of fire, a mountain supporting the upper the tier of the world {and obviously passing through the other two}; the heat of the "foot of the sky" causes water to evaporate, otherwise it would flood the world; passing by the "foot of the sky" in the upper world and then again in the lower world, the sun becomes hot]: Lindell et al. 197:100; ede [Irit Tilan is the spirit caretaker of celestial pillars erected by the giant spirit in the east and west; they contain a heavenly dome like an overturned one bronze gong]: Nikulin 1980b:565; thai (Vietnam) [people changed their skin like snakes now and lived a long time; but had no offspring and wanted to change everything; began to destroy frogs and snakes, they cried out to Then, he opened seven roads to sunlight, closed ten roads of rain; everything burned down; Lang Ai Lang and Nhi survived; continued to kill snakes, etc., T. sent a flood, all died; then a few more cycles; The new Linage ancestors sent by T. inhabited the earth; put up 8 brass poles to support the sky]: Dang Ngiem Van 1993:324-326.
South Asia. Rigveda [Indra and Soma fortified the sky with a column, expanded Mother Earth]: Ogibenin 1968:18; barela-bhilala [Hamara Bhagwan decided to create land; created a winged dog from the mud on his chest, sent a letter to Dhuda darian; next to him was Lika darian, who could read; Bhagwan told a woman to create the land; she made a hoe out of her tooth, and the Benahor worm promised to dust Duli raiya; he did not give at first, then gave; she sculpted small earth on a potter's wheel, the earth grew; it was installed on 12 iron pillars]: Stiglmayr 1970:155;; baiga [at the beginning only water, it swam on it a lotus leaf, Bhagavan sat on it, rolled dirt off his hand, turned it into a crow, his daughter Karicag, and sent her to search for land; losing her strength, she fell on the back of the great Turtle, Kekramal, sitting on the waters Chhatri, with one leg at the bottom of the sea, the other reaching the sky; the crow calls the Turtle its older brother, the Turtle calls the Raven its younger sister; says the earth was stolen by the worm Gichnaraja, he is at the bottom of the sea; took the Raven to Logandi Raja; he called 12 Loharsur brothers, 13 Tamesur brothers, 14 Agyasur brothers, they made an iron cage, lowered the Turtle and the Raven to the bottom in it; the Turtle was frightened of the Worm , hid behind the Raven; The worm itself was frightened when the Raven promised to beat him, lied that Dano had the land, who would burn those who came; the emboldened Turtle grabbed the Worm by the neck, he regurgitated 21 times; each a portion of land is named in its own way, from mother earth to virgin land (white, red, nice, trembling, rocky, etc.); the turtle pulled the chain, Logundi Raja pulled out the cage, the Turtle tied the earth to the Raven's neck, she brought it to Bhagavan; he summoned the virgin, who knocked down the ground in a vessel of leaves for 8 days and 9 nights; B. threw the earth on the water, it grew, became dry; first the earth was wet and slippery; B. called Wind and Bhimsen; The wind dried the earth, but when they stood on one side, the other rose; Bhimsen walked, created mountains, valleys; Nanga Baigin (wife of Nang Baiga) hammered four nails in the corners, the ground was established (but the earth itself is round, p.330)]: Elwin 1949:308-316; varley [the potter on the golden potter's wheel began to rotate the ground and expanded it from the size of the sesame grain to its current size; Balaya Bhim (~Bhima Mahabharata, Bhimsen at Bhumia picked it up and fixed it on four pillars connected by crosshairs)]: Save 1945:161 in Fuchs 1960:417; bhuya [from A shaking clay hill rose in the depths of the ocean; Dharma created a man and a woman on it, sent a tiger and a tiger to tear them apart, to make iron supports out of their flesh and blood in the four corners of the world; then the earth hardened, D. created another couple, they gave birth to 7 sons and 7 daughters who inhabited the world]: Roy, The Hill Bhuiyas, p.262 in Elwin 1949:10-11; agaria [Bhagavan put a lotus leaf on the water, but he withered in the sun; created the world from lac (?) , but he broke; having rolled the dirt off his chest, created a crow, gave him his milk, sent him to look for land; tired, the Raven fell on the Kakramal Kshattri crab; he dived, found Nal Raja and Nal Rani sleeping; the crab squeezed NR's throat, forcing the earth to regurgitate, brought it to Bhagavan, who created land; to prevent Mother Earth from wobbling, the first agaria placed 12 iron pillars at the four corners of the world]: Elwin 1949, No. 1:27-28; dhanwar [the birds had four legs each and the earth was unstable; Mother Earth took a pair of legs from the birds, made them supports under the ground]: Elwin 1949, No. 10:34; dhoba [Bhagavan created the earth, Bhimsen hammered an iron nail in the corners; the ground continued to wobble in the middle, so there he put the old woman to hold the ground on his head; about every two years, her husband comes and joins her (although she screams that it smells terrible); earthquakes occur at this time]: Elwin 1949, #11:34; cond: Elwin 1949, No. 21 [the world went under water, brother escaped in an empty banyan log Dakpaska and sister Dakadidi (these names have variants); a log sailed to the hill; brother and sister gave birth to Gogerenga and Jagarenga, who had a daughter; Mother Earth told them to sacrifice a girl, they killed their granddaughter, the water came down; to prevent the earth from trembling, they drove stakes from the prickly shoots]: 41-42; 1954, No. 6 [first the gods lived on earth; collected dirt from the body, mixed it with water, all this turned into pigs and iron, the sky was placed on four iron poles], 11 [Buru Pinnu and Pusuruli swam on the waters; they found a dead scorpion (leaf-scorpion), its head the size of a bull; scraped off his skin, threw it into the water, dry land arose; the scorpion's back turned into rocks; its bones were nailed, hammered into the four corners of the earth; its flesh was turned to dust; the particle was left, thrown into the water, it became present scorpion]: 31-32, 431; cond (Kuttia) [Nirantali, Kapantali, Paramugatti, Mangragatti lived on a rock, created earth and clouds, put four iron pillars to hold the sky; the fourth was small, they placed him on the mountain]: Elwin 1954, No. 12:9; Muria (Raja Muria) [Kaitab, pregnant with earth, sat on the waters; Mahapurub created man, told him to kill her; her flesh became earth, bones became rocks; at first, the ground was wobbling; M. pulled 9 hairs out of his leg, hammered like nails into the 9th corner of the world]: Elwin 1949, No. 30:47.
Malaysia-Indonesia. The Andamans [the land is buried by the giant Caryota sobolifera malmo growing in the lower world's forests]: Man 1932:93; semangs [Tapern, his wife Jalang, his younger brother Bajiaig, wife Bajiaiga Jamoi live in heaven; T. and B.'s mother and their wives' mothers are underground, protecting the roots of the sky's stone pillar]: Evans 1937:142; senoi (besisi) [the earth rests on an iron pole reinforced cross beams (iron crodd-bars); Setan lives below; their women do not give birth, but take their babies out by cutting the pregnant woman's belly; the first shaman visited the place, came back and talked about what he saw; even lower there is a master of the underworld holding everything above him]: Skeat, Blagden 1906:336; temoan (mantra) [the earth rests on an iron pole reinforced with cross beams (iron crodd-bars); below Setan lives; their women do not give birth, but their children are taken out by cutting the pregnant woman's belly; the first shaman visited this place, came back and told us what he saw; even lower is the creator of the earth, holding everything higher him]: Hervey 1883:189 (=Skeat, Blagden 1906:336); Bataks Karo [heavenly god Batara Guru and a woman in the lower world have no children, they settled in a hut by the sea; a serpent came out of the water and ordered to invest hand in his mouth, BG took out a wish-fulfilling ring; the wife gave birth to three sons and three daughters; one of the sons took these handfuls of land sent by his father, created the land, hanging it on seven silk ropes; the earth separated the lower world from the light; one of three sons lived in the lower world, destroyed the earth; so seven times; then BG put an iron pole to support the four beams on which the earth lies ; the underground brother is still shaking the ground]: Dixon 1916:162-163; Sumba (Rindi, in the east of the island) [the ground rests on four pillars and a fifth in the middle; when the mouse chews on it or when the cat chews on it drives away, earthquakes happen]: Waterson 2009:99; bunak [going east, Laku Leik tells his two pregnant sisters that if they give birth to boys, they must kill them, bury them under with a ladder; he returns, the old woman says that the puppy is buried, the children of Kaloqa and Lobosina are alive; LL calls them to strike iron, makes a spear, sees K. and L. sleeping on the platform, pierces K. with a hot spear; L. saves himself, returns to K.'s body four times, changing garments with him; seven sisters descend from the sky, the youngest revives K., makes him a brother; K. goes down to play, the sisters' mother gives him everything every time the right one (top, disc, dogs, etc.); finally, gives combat roosters; he plays them off against LL roosters, who are injured every time, LL consistently loses property, land, sky, himself; he is thrown into the pig pen; Lobosina becomes the ruler of the earth, K. of the sky; goes to the sky, raising it with him; the sky rests on me and talo tubers with large leaves]: Friedberg 1973:134-141.
Taiwan - Philippines. Manobo (Mindanao) [1) Makalindung established peace on pillars, sits on the central one; with him a serpent; angry with people, M. rocks the pole; where the sky meets the sea, there is the "navel of the sea"; through this hole of water rises and goes, producing ebb and flow; the sky was low; it rose when a woman, ruining rice, touched it with a pestle; 2) the Dagau woman is on the four pillars of the world; when Unhappy with people, a snake stings, it moves, causing earthquakes; 3) the world rests on one pillar like a mushroom; the deity rocks it, causing earthquakes]: Eugenio 1994, No. 35:90-91; kankanai [two Timungan brothers are digging roots; they find a flat stone under one, he closed a hole into the lower world; they go down there by rope; cannibals with tails live there; the owner of the Maseken house agrees not to harm them for one of the brothers's promise to marry his daughter; when hunting, they see four pillars supporting the ground; a pig rubs against one, causing earthquakes; hunters chase old carabao (buffalo?) , a person sees that it is actually their mother, misses; father-in-law catches up and hurts her; tells the brothers to go to earth if they do not like hunting people; they climbed upstairs on the same rope; when the sun was shining in the lower world, it was night on the ground; if the patient's throat and nose bleed, a chicken is killed for M.]: Eugenio 1994, No. 16:50-51; isneg [the ground rests on a pole, underground sea; when an eel fights a crab, an eel hits a pole with its tail, an earthquake occurs]: Eugenio 1994, No. 150:263; Negrito: Garvan 1963:204 (Bataan) [when sick (some of the diseased) are dissatisfied, they make it known, shaking the pillars of the world], 208 [the stone sky rests on pillars beyond the horizon].
China - Korea. Miao: Riftin 1993 [Naloyingou separated the sky from the ground, raised the sky, lowered the earth; Renyungulo gave eight wooden pillars and 16 millet stalks to support the sky; these, as well as stone and the iron supports are short-lived; old woman Uluoso told N. to pull four of the eight joints out of his legs, to support the sky on four cardinal points; in this likeness, N. blinded four legs to animals ; N. stretched the sky and earth, they expanded; W. gives 12 eggs, N. lets the bird sit; 12 suns hatched, N. placed them in the corners and in the middle of the sky]: 306-312; Schotter 1911 [the sky was low, beyond him they touched it with a burden of brushwood, a pestle of rice; his great-grandfather picked it up, placing fragrant wood supports in the four corners; stretched out colored canvases, which made multi-colored clouds and multi-colored stones; made the sun out of gold, the moon out of silver, stars out of colored stones; dwarfs live underground, whose eggshells serve as vessels; giants live in the sky]: 326; Koreans [Heaven and Earth were not separated; Mireuk placed 4 bronze pillars at the four corners of the earth, separated Sky from Earth; two suns and two moons were shining, it was too hot during the day, too cold at night; M. made stars out of one Sun , from one moon - North Bucket and Southern Bucket]: Choi 1979, No. 720:314.
The Balkans. Greeks: El-Shamy 1980 (written by a 20-year-old student in Egypt who heard this from his Greek mother on Fr. Leros; there is no such story in Egypt) [the earth rests on a huge tree trunk; small evil creatures Kalikanzaroi try to cut it down all year to laugh at how the earth will fall; but every year before Christmas they go out to the ground to have fun, at which time the felling overgrows]: 273; Krappe 1938 [callicantzari demons chew on a pole or tree; by the end of the year, the pole is almost ready to fall, but demons are summoned to the ground for 12 days (from Christmas to King's Day); during which time the trunk is restored]: 267; Macedonians: Tsenev 2004:19 [flat earth floats in water or rests on a pole, either rests on the horns of an ox or several oxen], 23-24 [1) the earth rests on a pole behind which an ox or buffalo is tied; when it itches, earthquakes occur; the ox licks the pole, it becomes thinner, but on Spyriden, blacksmiths hit the anvil and the pole is restored again; 2) the earth rests on a pole; sometimes an ox comes to him to scratch, the earth shudders; 3) the earth is on the pole, the devil is tied to him, breaks, the earth shudders; 4) the earth rests on three pillars, three oxen are tied to them, they tear, the earth shudders; 5) the earth is on three pillars, the devil is attached to the middle, he breaks, the earth shudders] 24 [1) the ground on the buffalo's horn; when he moves it to another horn, the earth shudders; 2) the earth is held by three oxen; when one moves his ear, it shudders; when all three jerk, the world will end; 3 ) land on four bulls, when one itches, an earthquake occurs]; Romanians: Ciauşanu 2001 [three iron, wooden or wax pillars support the earth; eagle-zgripţuroaică (zgripţuroaică - "witch") constantly gnaws at them, resulting in an earthquake; it feeds only on (millet or corn) wholemeal flour and water; after the woman has sifted flour, she hits both sides of the dough trough with her hands and, shaking off the flour, says it's eagle flour; before filling the buckets with water from the well, women pour some water into them, to rinse and then pour it out - this is water for the eagle; others place Judas Iscariot in the place of the eagle; in Valcea (Oltenia - southwestern Romania), an angry and irritable woman is called "Judas of the Earth", Iuda Pământului; they also believe that the land rests on fork-shaped pillars, such as barns, sheds, grain sheds, etc.]: 20-21; Rusu 2009:89 [water below the ground, but the land is not it sinks because it rests on four pillars on four sides of the world; these pillars are associated with bright stars on the horizon, you can't see all four at once; the old witch gnaws on the supports, so there are earthquakes; when women wake up flour or drain the water they used to wash the bucket after washing, they feed and water the witch], 90 [the Red Apple Tree is at the edge of the world; all rivers flow from there, go around peace and return under the Apple Tree; under it is one of the four fish that hold the ground], 91 [first the sky is low; the Sun and Moon asked God to raise it to walk across the sky rather than move in the air; God placed the sky on the branches of the spruce tree; God and Satan made a wooden bridge across the cosmic tree to the other side (the sky); at both ends, the bridge had a gate to heaven; but the Sun and The moon could not carry its light under the bridge {incomprehensible}; then God and Satan raised the sky to its current height on four pillars; the sky was only seven or nine; once a year at Easter, the sky opens].
Central Europe. The Russian written tradition [according to book legends, the earth rests on the "great fish", on the "fire whale", on the "snake" Eleatham, on the "iron pillar" (J. M. N.Prosv., 1863, April, p. 14)]: Potanin 1883:737; Ukrainians (Galicia) [the earth rests on four pillars held by four snakes; as soon as the number of sins in the world increases, snakes gnaw pillars; if they gnaw, the earth will fall into the abyss]: Belova 2004, No. 180:110; Western Belarusians [the earth stands on three legs; earthworms have already gnawed; as soon as they gnaw their third leg, it will come end of the world]: Belova 2004, No. 180:110.
Caucasus - Asia Minor. Karachays, Balkarians [Teyri Solna (Kainar Teyri), together with Tairi Earth, created the earth; at first the earth trembled and the seas worried; then KT created mountains and drove them into the ground like wedges; after that, the fluctuations of the land and the waves of the seas stopped]: Aliyeva 1994, No. 1:302.
Iran - Central Asia. Kafira (kati) [god created a land that swayed because it had no support; then he scattered stones that had turned into something like stakes and used them to secure the ground, and later put it on iron pillar]: Hussam-ul-Mulk 1974a: 26 (quoted in Litvinsky 2004:123).
Baltoscandia. Sami: Petrukhin, Helimsky 1982 [Veralden-Olmai ("man of the universe") supports the world with a pillar]: 565; Holmberg 1927 [The Sami erected altars split or naturally a forked tree, calling the "pillar of peace"; the North Star is the Pillar of Peace, Veralden tshuold]: 222; Estonians (Rannu, Laiuse, Rae, etc.) [if someone lives for a very long time, they ask if they are going to support the sky (ilma sambaks jääta)]: ERA II 208, 357/4 (1), 377 (1), 377 (1), ERA II 58, 100 (22d); Finns [like Estonians ; Maailmapatsas, Maasampa corresponds to Estonian Ilmasamba]: Holmberg 1927:222.
Volga - Perm. Mordva: Mokshin 1998 [the earth is quadrangular, with a silver pole in every corner]: 99; Devyatkina 2004 [the earth is rounded (in the form of a bowl), washed by the world's oceans, or quadrangular; in every corner a silver pole, a barrel on it; the wind god Varmava sits in turn; which barrel is open now, there is the wind (Harva 1952:141)]: 26.
Turkestan. Kazakhs [west 1976 from Berkimbay-Ata bucks; "... square land is washed around the water of Mukhit (ocean); its four corners are marked by four towers topped with eggs; but others say that instead four great trees grow in towers, and others that rise four points or peaks at every corner of it;... when the world ends, all mountains will collapse, towers will appear on the horizon to the remains humanity;... these towers at the corners of the earth support the sky covering the seven layers of the sky "]: Ibraev 1980:41, 44; yellow Uighurs [first only water and sky; Śākyamuni summoned the Black Dragon from the sky , put a piece of black silk on his back, told him to bring gold; put white silk on the White Elephant's back, told him white soil; threw soil and gold into the sea, land appeared; at first it was small; W . went to heaven for advice to the god Layangjia; he replied that when four pillars were erected at the four corners of the sky, the Fire God would create fire, and women would give birth to children, the earth would grow; when Sh. I came back, the ocean had already shrunk a lot, mountains and rivers appeared, and people on earth]: Stuart, Jhang 1996:13.
Southern Siberia - Mongolia. The Mongols (Inner Mongolia?) [earth and sky are like two cauldrons (one tipped over the other); they are separated by 99 pillars on which the sky rests]: Nassen-Bayer, Stuart 1992:328.
Western Siberia. The Nenets: Lehtisalo 1998:9 [Num suggests that Nga prepare the ground; he took sand from the water, but he slipped between his fingers; Num took the sand himself and put the cake on his own to the water; ordered Nga to bring a whale to establish land on it; but the earth continued to move; then he ordered the stone to be brought, the earth stopped; this stone is the Ural], 12 [Yurako-Samoyeds have ideas about the pillar on which the worlds rest].
Eastern Siberia. Baikal Evenks [the idea of the earth as a tetrahedral body supported by four stands, frogs or turtles (call list. MAE, No. 1879), came to Transbaikalia from its southern neighbors and reindeer herders brought it to the origins of Vilyui and to the west]: Vasilevich 1969:210.
SV Asia. Chukchi [at four corners, the rocks of the sky close with the rocks of the earth, hitting them and then rising; flying into their world, migratory birds fly through these rocks; those flying behind are crushed; the movement of the rocks creates the wind]: Bogoraz 1939:42.
The Arctic. Kodiak [two pillars support it at the borders of the earth; if they are moved, the earth will end]: Pinart in Lantis 1938:137; central yupik [husband and wife are childless; make wooden a doll; she comes to life, goes where the sky meets the ground; the dome of the sky is supported by thin pillars that look like the supports of a conical dwelling, but made of some unknown beautiful material]: Nelson 1899:498; Northern Alaska Inupiate (Tareumiut) [the ground rests on four wooden pillars on four cardinal points; lost hunters fall down the edge of the earth]: Spencer 1959:257; copper [ the vault of heaven rests on four pillars to the cardinal points]: Rasmussen 1932:22; igloolik (hall. Fox) [the pillars of the earth have collapsed, the old world has died; two men have grown out of the mound; see F1 motive]: Rasmussen 1930a: 252; netsilic [a giant adopts a young man; they come to a frozen lake, there's another a giant catches fish; giants fight; a young man helps kill the second and his wife by cutting their tendons; their little son rises to heaven, becomes Sila (Narsuk), the master bad weather, snow, rain; four women can sit side by side on his penis; someday he will kick down the pillars of peace]: Rasmussen 1931:229-231; Greenland: Rasmussen 1931 [pillars supporting peace often mentioned]: 17 (note); Rink 1875 [the land and the sea rest on it on pillars]: 36-37; West Greenland: Birket-Smith 1924 [the world rests on wooden pillars; they rot from time to time shamans repair them]: 434; Egede 1818 [the sky rotates on top of a huge cliff]: 211-212.
Subarctic. Ingalic [Denato's creator has set up a pole to support the sky; a woman living with Raven sometimes shakes it to make people die; this causes earthquakes]: Osgood 1959:51-52; hea [the land is supported by the ti-gotcha milestone pole; below the fire, other people live there]: Petitot 1886, No. 5:288; dohrib, slevi [Chapevi drives away his two sons; it begins to rain, the sea floods the ground; C. makes a raft, tells animals to dive to the bottom; Otter, Beaver, Harelda glacialis Duck do not dive; Muskrat brings earth on its paws; T. creates land; puts it on it The crow, then the Fox; erects a support pole]: Petitot 1886, No. 3:316-319; tagish, inner tlingits: Cruickshank 1992 [a woman holds the ground on a pole; when she moves a pole, occur earthquakes]: 74; McClelland 1975 (1) [a woman holds the ground on a pole; sometimes someone tries to shake a pole, she prevents it]: 72;.
NW Coast. The character is holding a pole or rope. Tlingits: Boas 1895, No. XXV/1 [the earth is square; swayed and trembled; animals fail, the old woman manages to crawl under her, keep her alone; the Raven visits this old woman]: 320; 1916 [=1895, but for more details; see English var.]: 732; De Laguna 1972 [the earth rests on a bamboo pole (bamboo is known as a fin); an old woman holds it, shakes it, earthquakes occur; var: The raven told the old man install a pole; then tries to snatch it from him]: 793; Swanton 1909 [After trying all the materials, the Raven makes a support pole from the beaver's front paw; an old woman from the Lower World looks after the pole , shakes him if hungry; then people throw her food into the fire]: 20; Tsimshian: Barbeau 1961 [one of the chief's four sons pretends to be lazy and weak; at night he trains strength and endurance; the only hunter who is not afraid of sea lions; even trees and mountains win martial arts; his grandfather or uncle at the bottom of the sea keeps the world at the end of a pole made of hemlock; ducks and loons lubricate his joints are greasy; when he moves, earthquakes occur; a boat comes for the young man; her crew is loons, the boat itself is a black fish; the young man takes the place of an aged and tired grandfather]: 40-60 (=1953 : 320-325); Boas 1895, No. 3 [the flat round earth rests on a pole held by an old woman; her movements cause earthquakes; the sky sent a flood to destroy evil people in a village in the upper reaches of the river. Ness (they danced and gambled all night long); mountains appeared after the flood; some say the earth turned upside down at that time; an old woman said that coal found on the Queen's Islands Charlotte, there are pockets of people who lived on the primary earth]: 278 (=2002:561); bellacula: Boas 1898:36 [at sunset there is a pole that supports the sky and prevents the sun from falling into the lower world; The sun is coming across the bridge; its width is the distance between the winter and summer solstice points], 37 [our world is an island in the vast sea; far to the east is giant Alep! alaxtnaix sits with his legs apart; holds a stone strip with outstretched arms; the ground is tied to it with two stone ropes; when the giant gets tired and moves his arms to get better, they happen earthquakes; when the earth moves to the west, epidemics spread, when diseases go east]; McIlwraith 1948 (1) [Elkuntem builds a pillar to prevent the sky from falling to the ground]: 309; Quakiutl: Boas, Hunt 1902, No. 14 [The Pillar of Heaven told his starmen that he would descend into the world below, told his servants to lower the copper pillar of our world there, and descended it with his son and servants]: 401; Boas 1935 [a pillar of heaven stands in the ocean; the Pillar of Heaven is also the name of an upper world leader whose people are stars; he descends down the copper pillar of heaven]: 126.
Northeast. Tuscarora [in the place where his ancestors lived, there was a giant tree whose branches supported the sky; at the end of one of them was a bird; those who lived at the foot of the tree spoke the same language; when The bird flew in, it sent them different languages, a special language from each branch it sat on; another god, the Sun, first rose near this tree; the Sun rises before noon and then rests; then, dancing happily, he goes down and stops to rest for a while at sunset]: Rudes, Crouse 1987, No. 4:91-93.
Plains. Mandan [see motif K27; four stone pillars (=four pillars of the Mistress of the Bisons dwelling) support the sky]: Beckwith 1938:75; Bowers 1950:280-281, 298.
California. Yurok [a giant sequoia holds the world]: Waterman 1920:191; kato (? ; California North Coast; =Goddard 1909, #2:184?) [the first world sky is made of sandstone; Thunder and Nagaicho stretched it eastward, walking along it; they put a rock at every angle; they created flowers in the south, clouds in the east; from clay crushed red stone and grass made a man; they took one of his legs, cut him lengthwise, made a woman; they created the sun and the moon; it rained, the earth was flooded; the sun, precipitation, wind disappeared; the thunder disappeared because there were no trees to strike them with lightning; from the north, a horned dragon earth entered the water; N. placed clay and pebbles between his eyes and on his horns; vegetation and mountains appeared there; animal people appeared (after the appearance Indians they turned into animals); N. paved riverbeds with his foot; went north with his dog]: Gifford 1930 in Erdoes, Ortiz 1984:107-109; Yuki [Taikomol makes land on the surface of the sea, weaving it like a basket; puts four stone pillars to the cardinal points; puts something like moose below to hold the ground; if an earthquake occurs, then supports trembling slightly]: Kroeber 1932b: 914, 916-917; central pomos [the earth is quadrangular, floats in water; the corners rest on poles, each is watched by one of the spirits (two more at the zenith and nadir)]: Loeb 1926a: 300; achomavi: Merriam 1992:1-8 [there is water, darkness everywhere; Apponahah (Silkworm) sees a piece of foam in the east, tells it to swim towards it, stands on it; the foam hardens and thickens on his feet; he rips her toenails off his feet, she falls off, turns into a triangular island; A. turns corners east, west, south; the earth grows; A. finds a boy, this is Annikadel; he finds a boy him three times in three corners of the earth, not realizing that the boy is still the same; Annicadel says that he is the same age as him, that Apponahah would not have made the earth without him; that there is also a Coyote, Silver Fox and Frog (Alleum); the earth is still hesitating; Annicadel inspires Apponahah to tell Coyote to place rainbow pillars on C, B, Y and Z; Silver Fox advises Coyote to place pillars from the rainbow on C, B, Y and Z there are strong short pillars in the east and west, they will withstand the course of the sun; in the north and south they are high, they will melt], 111-113 [the pillars first placed by Coyote have loosened, our world has begun to move; Annicadel attaches or supports the ground with reeds from the north, east, south and west]; cahuilla (Palm Spring) [darkness at first; Feminine and Masculine have given rise to two embryos in the placenta; they were born prematurely, soon grew up, spoke to each other, named themselves Mukat and Tamayawit; each claims to be older than the other, to be the first to hear sounds from the darkness; they begin extract various objects and objects from their hearts; each time M. gets black (connected to the West) and T. gets white (east); pipes, tobacco, they smoke, create the central pillar of the world, climb him, they put the earth on it, they take out the sky, the sea; everything touches, they tell spiders and ants to keep everything; two Vortices are told to lie around the edges of the sky; compete in the creation of people; T. took it out of his heart Coyote, made his assistant; M. took out the Owl; M. sculpts people from dark clay, T. from white clay; people have a second person on the back of their heads, abdomen in front and back, feet pointing in both directions, arms like paws dogs; he says that everything will pass through his fingers and grab it well with his paws; M. objects that they can't take anything; T. takes his creations and falls into the ground; T.: There will be no death; M.: People will become die. - But come back. - With a terrible smell. - We'll smoke, wash it off. - There's not enough space for them. - Let's expand the world. - There's not enough food. - Let them eat the land. - And they'll eat everything. - Let's make more land; T. is angry, falls into the lower world, taking his creation; trying to drag the earth and sky, but M. rests; mountains and rivers formed during a terrible earthquake]: Strong 1929:130-135.
The Great Southwest. Navajo: O'Bryan 1956:4-5, 23 [six mountains to the cardinal points, at their zenith (and nadir?)] , 21 [A man to heaven and a woman to earth erect four pillars as pillars of the sky]; Western Apaches [four pillars or groups of pillars]: Curtis 1907-1930 (1): 23-35 in Edmonds, Clark 1989 [Creator wipes sweat off his face with his hands, shakes his hands off, creating a Parentless Girl, then the Sun, the Boy, the Tarantula, the Wind, the Big Dipper, the Lightning Thrower; he and the first three created mix their sweat, create a brown ball the size of a bean; The wind inflates it, it turns into the ground; the Tarantula ties black, blue, yellow, white ropes to it from the east, south, west, north; the Creator sends The hummingbird, who reports that the earth is good; however, the earth has swayed, and the Creator places black, blue, yellow, white pillars on four sides, claiming the ground on them; sends a Dove; four he returns the day, reports that there will be a flood; after the flood, mountains and rivers appear; the Creator tells Lightning-Rumbler to watch the clouds and water, the Sky Youth to watch the people of heaven, Daughter Earth to watch the clouds and water plants (all crops) and people of the earth, the Pollen girl for people's health, the girl without parents for everything; together with her she lights a fire, rubbing her arms and legs, ascends to the sky on a column of smoke, the rest gods ascend on other columns of smoke]: 101-104; Goddard 1918 (San Carlos): 7-8 [Black Tornado rubbed his chest, rolled a ball out of skin scales, made earth out of it, placed it on 4 supports; see motif I5], 27 [one of the pillars there is Black Tornado]; 1919 (White Mountain): 120; Goodwin 1994, No. 1 (White Mountain) [four have set the ground, it was blown away by the wind, it is as weak as an old woman; they pulled it on four sides, stretched out the piece became like a leg; on each side they placed a reed with metal thorns (reeds and thorns of the colors associated with directions to B, Y, Z, C); but the earth is still soft and mixed with with water; Black Old Man The East Wind blew, the ground hardened]: 1; Zunyi [four different fruit trees to the cardinal points]: Harrington 1916:44; (cf. Western Keres (Akoma) [The Milky Way there is a beam that holds the ground]: Parsons 1939:213); oriental ceres (Sia) [fir, pine, oak, aspen on four mountains at the four ends of the world; cedar at its zenith, another oak in nadir]: Stevenson 1894: 28; teva [four mountains to the cardinal points]: Harrington 1916:44; kiliva [it was night; Metipá took water in his mouth, spat south, north; took more, spat west (sea appeared), on east (Gulf of California); smoked, the sea grew; created four mountains, each with a mountain ram (on NE, SE, NW, SW); sheep horns, respectively (the informant does not remember who is in which direction) dark- brown and blue, yellow and oak bark (tan), silver and gray, red and white; took off his skin, pulled it over his horns, but it sagged; told the Mole to dig a passage around the world; formed a mountain a chain (ridge) over which M. pulled his skin, and the Mole lifted his skin around the perimeter of the world with his paws and head; to make the sun, M. removed it from his elbow, thigh, head - unsuccessfully; then from his mouth - it turned out, but it was too hot; told the Rattlesnake to push the sun higher; M. fell ill, died; he was burned]: Meigs 1939:64-65.
NW Mexico. Tarahumara: González 1985 [iron pillars on the edge of the earth hold the sky]: 195-197; Merrill 1988 [earthquakes are produced by the Devil, shaking the pillars supporting the earth]: 72; Huichol: Furst, Auguiano 1976:117-118 [Nawawé replied: in order for it to be light, someone must become the sun; four people failed to sacrifice themselves; a lonely orphan, son of the goddess of earth and Utuanáka maisa, rushed into a fire (var.: a lake that turned into fire or blood when immersed in fire or blood); descended through five lower worlds, where dangerous animals, including snakes encircling the ground with with their heads on both ends; Nakawé and Tutewarí (the first shaman) said he would come from a cave on a mountain in the east; they all hurried there, arguing about the name, the Turkey said tau-tau-tau (sun - tau) became a companion to the sun; the Sun was so tired in the lower world that it did not rise to the upper five tiers, but began to fall, dragging the sky with it; life is on the verge of death, many have climbed into holes (since then these animals live in burrows); T. put five palm trees (brazil trees) to support the sky - one in the center, four at the edges); with the help of Káuyumarie (deer trickster), he showed people how to make a chair on which during shamans and chiefs sit rituals; sacrificed a child so that the Sun could feed on this blood]; Myerhoff 1974:81.
Mesoamerica Chilam Balam de Chumayel: In the center of the earth, there is an evergreen First Tree in the World, also known as the First Food Tree (Yax Cheel Cab, Yax Imix Che), with blue and green quetzal feathers; in the east grows a similar red one (rain gods, fertility, life, youth, male oropendole, in the west - black (bird with black breast, dead, illness, witchcraft, old age), in upward - white (ancestors, cotton, clouds, mockingbird), downward - yellow (yellow oropendola, women, corn, abundance, gems)]: Montolíu 1989:40-41 (=Thompson) 1977:407); tsotsil [the sky rests on four stone pillars, like the roof of a house]: Guiteras-Holmes 196:254, 285; mixteks [at first only mud floats on the water; god and goddess Deer they raised a rock into the sea; put a copper ax upstairs to support the sky; their sons ask to make the earth bigger; after the flood, the Creator (again) makes the earth and sky]: Fray Francisco de Burgoa 1674 in Krickeberg 1928, No. 24:201-202 (text recorded at Cuilapa Monastery by Gregory Garcia; lengthy quote in Dahlgren de Jordan 1966:259-260); the Masateks [four pillars are placed on the surface of the water, supporting the earth at four corners; when the water swings, the earth shakes]: Inchaustegui 1977:34; tojolabal [the underground gods (dioses ocultos) sent four rays to support the earth, so it shudders]: Jiménez 1996:43; chorti [flat land rests on the water of four seas (lakes): white, red, green, brown and black resin (in the middle), each on one side light; there is a pillar in every corner of the earth, and a fifth in the middle]: Hull 2016:4; northern lacandons [The Mole Hunter (OK) found that he killed all the moles and had nothing else to eat; climbed for fruit on a nance tree (Byrsonima crassifolia); saw a girl come out of a crack in the ground, took off her head, combed her hair, then put her head in place; he threw fruit seeds at her, but she did not pick it up heads; pulled the bump, the passage opened and it went down; OK found this bump and followed; it's evening on the ground, and the sun rises below; OK comes to the house, in which Sukunkyum's wife calls him son: he does not changed his skin and is alive; hid it in a large pot so that Kissin would not find it by smell; sprinkles roasted peppers on the pot; K.'s son sniffs, suffers from pepper, leaves; the same with his second son K.; returned Sukunkyum, he placed the sun on the eastern edge of the sky; to prevent OK from smelling like a living person, S. gave him his old cloak; wearing a cloak, OK turned into a hummingbird; old K. and his sons, everyone wants to shoot a bird to eat; K. hit it with an arrow, but his daughter picked it up and took it away; she put it with her for the night, he became human again; old K. and his wife called him son-in-law; OK does not eat what Kisins eat, S. he warned him (beans - larvae, tortillas - wood mushrooms, salt - cadaveric fluid; OK comes to S. to eat; The sun is human, but without legs, so S. wears it on his shoulders; OK sees what is happening to the soul of the deceased - with the one who changed the skin; S.'s wife puts the person on the bench, feeds him; the young Kisins want to take her to fry; finally, they grab their soul and alternately throw Metlan into the fire, and in cold water; K. tells his soul what misdemeanors he is tormented for during his lifetime; before that, K. killed monkeys; the dead are the monkeys he killed; the firewood that K. burns is bones the dead; S. showed OK the pillars supporting the earth; then tells people to tell people everything he saw underground; when leaving the underworld, OK wanted to take his wife with him, but she hesitated, sweeping the house; OK went out, the exit to earth closed and the wife stayed downstairs; OK told people everything]: Cook 2019:133-190.
Honduras-Panama. Four pillars. Hikake [the world is the roof of the house]: Chapman 1982, No. 17:84; pai [the world is a floating fruit; decayed supports are replaced with new ones every three days]: Flores 1989:22, 100.
The Northern Andes. Tunebo: Osborn 1985 [eight pillars = menhirs]: 61-62; Stoddart 1962 [world=house on poles]: 150.
Llanos. Cuiva [one tree; contrary to the prohibition, people cut it down; the tree falls with the sky; people die; bird-people restore the tree and the sky]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1991b, No. 142:213; Sicuani [the land is small and flat; it is home to two Ámakahiélabóto trees, Nákuabetuína and his wife, Irratzapyorto (Í) rratsapërto); N. and I. pour clay in baskets along the perimeter of the earth, expanding it; N. draws riverbeds with his finger; on the eighth day they create new land, the old one goes down; now those two trees support our land; Jaguar Woman and Hawk Man live there]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1992, No. 22:112-114.
Southern Venezuela. Makiritar [sky supports in the east, center and west = community house pillars]: Barandiaran 1966:21-23; Wilbert 1981:48; hoti [early jkajo jadï (spirits, men, who turned into immortals, capable of changing their appearance, turning into various animals, plants, mushrooms, objects) were everywhere, there was a struggle between them, which led to universal chaos, which caused the earth to sink into the lower world; this was the last great destruction, during which one of the main powerful anthropomorphic creatures, iyëka ja, killed humanity by cutting down four trees nïn alawini (Vitex spp., according to other mythological versions, Copaifera officinalis L.), who supported the earth across four countries of the world; today's world was re-created by iyëka ja and his brother buka ja (major anthropomorphic creative creatures, also called waiyo ja); both mythological brothers decided to make the current world using the hard beak of a toucan as a tool; they created mountains, plains, rivers, lakes, hills, savannas, etc.]: Matusovsky 2010.
Guiana. Warrau [four]: Wilbert 1975b:165; aaiwai [(along with the idea of the existence of several celestial tiers); the sky is like a stone or ceramic cassava brazier, based on three mountain-stands]: Fock 1963:102.
Ecuador. Kayapa [Tiapatsi tenatu holds the lower world in the palm of his hand; a column of gold and silver in the lower world supports the middle world (earth); the upper world holds the same pillar in the middle world]: Barrett 1925:352.
Western Amazon. Zion [the universe consists of five layers-discs that resemble pans for roasting manioc flour; these are called "below the ground," "first heaven" (i.e., the surface of the earth), "second heaven," third heaven" and "little matallic sky"; the lower disc (underground) rests on three stands - clay cylinders on which the pan rests]: Langdon 1992b: 42.
NW Amazon. Taibano [the earth is a plate, above it is a vault of heaven, supported by four main mountains, slightly smaller ones; they correspond to the supports of a Maloka community house; the axis of peace, the Moloka River, passes through The Gates of the Waters, where the sun is born; at the opposite end are the upper reaches of the Fish River (Wai Ya on Tucano, Pirá-Parana on lingua geral); the Sun floats across the sky in its boat of light; the dead go to the underworld of diseases, are reviving in the little ancestors; in their world, the Sun floats along the River of Sorrow, Bojori Riaga; four Ayawaroa brothers arranged the world, the world = it's their little; their father became heaven, in his little one symbolizes a clay pot]: Correa 1980-1981:79-81; barasana [one in the center, several rows on the sides of poles/mountains = community house supports]: S.Hugh-Jones 1979:144; 1982:184; macuna [ the levels of the universe are supported by stone pillars, people see them as mountains; 12 pillars along the perimeter of the earth correspond to six pairs of supports of a community house; the pillar in the center is a wicker pedestal under a vessel with kokoy in the center of the house]: Århem 1981:69; ufaina [home = space, no more]: Hildebrand 1984:180-202; bora [the sky was supported by four giant peach palms ( Guilielma speciosa); the first palm tree grew in the center of the earth among the waters]: Girard 1958:108;
desana [four mountains]: Kumu, Kenhiri 1980:138;macuna [in the center of the world] There is Mount hurití botá, which holds the sky; Indians do not remove stones from this mountain for fear that it will collapse and the sky will collapse]: Trupp 1977:83/
Central Amazonia. Munduruku: Murphy 1958, No. 4 [Karusakaibö promises a newborn daughter to marry Daiïrú; she dies after copulation; K. sends D. to a tree for an arrow, he does not fall; on a palm tree with thorns on the trunk, he did not peel off; on the site, sets fire to the vegetation around; D. turns into an battleship, climbs underground (var: K. asks D. to grab the tail of the battleship, he drags D. into his hole); D. gets out, reports that people are underground; wild Indians come first, then peaceful Indians, then munduruku; a flying bird cuts the rope with its beak, the most beautiful people remain underground; wife Only K. has it, he makes other women out of clay; they do not have a vagina; agouti, paka, squirrel and other animals began to copulate with them, making vaginas, so they are of different shapes; D. sprinkled rotten on them wood decay, so the smell; K. invited D. to swim, ordered him to take a flat stone on the way, carry it on his head; the stone began to grow, turned into the current sky; roots grew from D.'s nose, it turned into an apoi tree (high in the jungle); it still supports the sky, but it is not known where]; Teschauer 1906 [the world is dark; Rairu tripped over a stone shaped like an overturned plate; his father Karusakahiby He did not tell him to touch the stone, but R. put it on his head; the stone began to grow, turned into the sky, the sun appeared on it; R. knelt down]: 731.
Eastern Amazon. Juruna [one]: Villas Boas, Villas Boas 1973:249; urubu [the pillar that supported the sky rotted, the sky fell to the ground; some people cut a hole with axes, and when the sky was again rose, stayed in the sky; at Meira's request, an old black shaman placed the sky not on a wooden pole, but on stones, placing them in a circle (horizon)]: Ribeiro 2002:510.
Montagna - Jurua. Konibo, shipibo [four palm trees support the sky in the corners of the earth]: Girard 1959:511; kashinahua [one]: Ans 1975:93-94; characterbet [giant Hyudmo holds the sky, put two supports to make it easier to hold]: Calífano 1995, No. 4:153.
Bolivia - Guaporé. Eseeha [four pillars]: Girard 1959:511; guarazu [water under the earth's disk, there are little people; holes in the ground are springs, and the flood waters also flowed from there; a tree in the center of the earth supports the sky, it has seven tiers; stars on tree branches]: Riester 1970:471-472; tupari [the sky rests on a row of pillars around the perimeter of the earth; the male character Patsiare holds the whole world outstretched]: Caspar 1975:188; Makurap (Kanoä) [the sky rests on poles; the woodpecker began to cut the pole with his ax; to prevent the sky from collapsing, the Spider, the Bird Jacques and the Vulture Uruba were stolen they hid the ax in a bean, put it together with others, ate the beans; the woodpecker killed all three, found his axe in Jacques's stomach, took it, but did not cut down the supports of the sky anymore]: Becker-Donner 1063, No. 1:449 -450.
Southern Amazon. Nambikwara [four trees around a heavenly lake; the land is under the roots of one of them]: Pereira 1974a: 4.
Eastern Brazil. Kayapo: Wilbert 1978, No. 1 [the tapir gnawed on the support of the sky; the gnawed one healed overnight; when it began to gnaw and at night, the support fell, a vault of heaven formed], 2 [where there is a huge tree supports the sky, all kinds of demons and monsters live; the tapir gnaws at the trunk, the gnawed one overgrows, but people are afraid that the sky will fall someday], 144:29, 29-31, 346; apinaye [on in the east, where the sun rises, there are red-haired people; because the sun burns them, they shoot arrows at it in the morning, but turn away so that it does not burn them, so they miss; then they decided to cut down a pillar that supports the sky so that the sky collapses and the sun cannot rise; when they take a break, the felling overgrows and they start all over again]: Wilbert 1978, No. 3:31-32; crash [people lived near the tree that holds the sky; hawks carried people away; people made a staircase, went to live in heaven, removed the stairs behind them; a couple of old people and their two grandchildren remained; they killed the hawks ]: Wilbert 1978, No. 170:424-245
Chaco. Maca [the twilight area is located behind the pillar on which the sky rests]: Chase-Sardi 1970:242; lenghua [clouds - smoke emanating from the sky]: Loewen 1969:115-116; nivacle: Fritz 1994 [four]: 50; Wilbert, Simoneau 1987b, No. 24 [the sky rested on two tree trunks; Qiche (opponent of the deity) cuts a stronger trunk, the sky falls]: 97; tereno [at the clouds (=sky) there are roots (=supports); the sky will fall if you chop them]: Baldus 1950:220.
Southern Brazil. Apapokuwa: Nimuendaju 1914:332 and 393 [Nyanderuvusu (Our Great Father) puts an eternal cross, creates land on it; if you take out the cross, the earth will fall], 399 [his son Nyanderikoy holds this support]; mbia [five pindo palms (Butia capitata) hold peace; in the center is the eternal pindovi palm tree; one in the east near Karai Amba, where fire god Karai lives; the other west near Tupan Amba, where the rain god and water master Tupan lives; another in the north near Yvytu Yma Rapit, from where a favorable wind blows]: Cadogán 1958:88-89.