J32D. The Princess in the Tower, ATU 530.
.14.-.17.23.27.-.33. (.40.)
The girl will be received by someone who, on horseback or otherwise, quickly reaches a hard-to-reach place (the top of the tower, the mountain, the upper floor of the palace, the upper steps of the stairs, the bridge, the bottom failure, etc.). Usually the girl herself is where the applicant should go up or (rarely) go down.
Ancient Egypt [high palace or tower], Arabs of Egypt [high mound], frets [some elevation], Italians (Veneto, Molise) [?] , Germans (Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Pomerania, Grimms) [glass mountain], Germans (Austria) [high pole], Palestinians, Iraqi Arabs [pit, dip], northern India (Hindi) [palace roof], agaria [ jump over the palace], Slovenes [glass bridge], Serbs [glass bridge], Albanians [jump over the ditch and fence], Bosnians [jump over the ditch], Romanians [tear off the crown from the pole - get the princess and the throne], Moldovans [high tower], Bulgarians [palace balcony], Gagauz people [high tower], Slovaks [jump to the sky], Poles [upper floor of the castle], Russians (Arkhangelsk, Olonetskaya, Vologda, Pskov, Kostromskaya, Moscow, Voronezh) [upper floor of the tower], Russians (Vladimirskaya) [crystal bridge], Russians (Ryazan) [balcony], Ukrainians (Poltava) [glass bridge], Ukrainians (the place of recording is not specified) [high tower?] , northern Ukrainians [upper floor of the tower], Western Ukrainians [tower], Belarusians [high tower], Abkhazians [tower], Ossetians [tower], Ingush [tower], Avars [tower], Gunzibs [jump over the river], Megrelians [tower] ], Georgians [tower], Armenians [tower], Azerbaijanis [jump over the ditch], Turks [glass mountain], Talysh [jump over the pool], Persians [pick up oranges from a pole], Tajiks [jump over the wall; jump up the stairs], Jagnobes [a hundred steps up], Baluchis [jump over a hundred wells; moat], Latvians [glass mountain], Livonians [glass tower], Estonians [glass mountain], Seto [glass tower] on a glass mountain], Karelians [tower (castle)], Veps [tower], Western [tower] Sami, Eastern Sami [Sami], Norwegians [glass mountain], Danes [glass mountain], Swedes [glass mountain?] , Finns [high castle], Mordovians [high tower], Marie [high tower], Chuvash [high tower], Kazan Tatars [tower], Komi [roof (tower?)] , Kazakhs [tower ("seven houses on top of each other")], Kyrgyz [tower], Tuvans [sky steps], (Asian Eskimos).
North Africa. Ancient Egypt ["The Tale of the Doomed Prince"; Pharaoh has a long-awaited son; goddesses of fate Seven Hathor say he will die from a crocodile, snake, or dog; the prince is held locked up; he sees a puppy, his father has to agree for the prince to raise the puppy; the prince takes the dog, goes on a journey; pretends to be the son of a military leader; King of Naharina (in northern Syria ) promises a daughter to someone who jumps to her window 70 cubits above the ground; the prince jumps, the king has to agree to marriage; the prince talks about the prophecy; the wife protects her husband's life, suggests he refuses to kill the dog; they return to Egypt; on the way, a pond, where a crocodile is waiting for the prince, the water spirit prevents him from attacking the prince; at night, the wife sees a snake crawling towards her sleeping husband, solders she is killed with beer, killed with an ax; suddenly the prince is attacked by his dog, the prince jumps into the pond, the crocodile takes him to the cave; promises to spare him if he helps him kill the water spirit; the prince refuses; the text ends; the prince probably escaped from the crocodile, but indirectly a dog, a snake and a crocodile will cause his death)]: Machintsev 1993:148-153; the Arabs of Egypt [dying, the sultan gives three sons three assignments; the elder must replace him on the throne; the brothers must give their three sisters to three dervishes; the sons must guard his grave for three nights; only the younger prince guards the grave every night kills the demon; gives horses and demon equipment to the nurse; the sultan will give three daughters to the one who climbs the mound on horseback; the younger prince takes horses and demon equipment three times Ingognito wins, takes the princesses to the same wet nurse; he and his brothers marry them; at the wedding, the elder's wife is kidnapped by a demon; with the help of an old man, the young man returns her; the demon comes again, but his brothers kill]: Nowak 1969, No. 122:136.
Southern Europe. Ladins [two brothers are smart, the third is a fool; when he dies, the father tells him to guard his grave for three nights; the older brothers send the youngest instead of themselves; the father appears, bridles the horse, along with the horse a luxurious outfit will also appear; the king will give his daughter to someone who jumps so high on horseback that he can kiss her, and she will be on the hill (Brüstung); the older brothers dress up and go to the test; the fool summons the horse, transforms, splashed mud on his brothers on the way, kissed the princess; so three times; the third time the princess bit off his earlobe; the king tells him to look for someone who will suit the bitten a piece; the messengers ask if there are any more men; the brothers answer that the youngest is in the barn; but his earlobe is bitten off; he calls all three horses, changes; marries a princess]: Uffer 1973, No. 28: 109-112 (=Decurtins, Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 34:100-104; roughly the same in Brunold-Bigler, Widmer 2004, No. 86:380-383); Italians (Veneto, Molise): Cirese, Serafini 1975, No. 530:123.
Western Europe. The Germans [Müllenhoff mentions the German version, which combines the motif of a shepherd and his three magic horses with the motif of a glass mountain to jump on to get the princess]: Cosquin 1887:96; Germans (Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Pomerania, Grimms): Uther 2004 (1), No. 530:308-309; Germans (Austria: Tyrol) [young man hired as a shepherd to the count; must not herd cattle in an enchanted pasture; a dragon with one head goes there; a young man decapitates him with a previously obtained magic sword, an iron key in the dragon's head; then the same with a double-headed dragon ( silver key), with a three-headed (golden key); an iron key, a young man opens an underground chamber in which a black horse and steel armor; the count's daughter sits on top of a pole and holds a flower; unrecognized a young man on a black horse takes off and picks up a flower; the next day the same (a camera with silver armor and a horse); on the third, with gold ones; after each time, the shepherd brings a flower to the count's daughter; all turns out; wedding]: Zingerle, II, p. 326 in Cosquin 1887:93.
Western Asia. Palestinians [the king has a tree with three branches: red, green and blue; every night someone rips off one of the branches; king to the vizier: find out in 14 days, otherwise you will be executed; the vizier's daughter advises asking for three the prince guard; the two eldest fall asleep; the youngest Hasan grabs a red horse; the next nights green; blue; the latter says that they are three brothers; they extracted this tree from the spirits and planted it here; Everyone has their own branch, the color of which they dress; the king hands over power to H., the brothers are jealous, but he renounces power and all three of them go to another city; the brothers take H. as a groom; the younger Almaza unmarried, will marry the one who grabs her necklace in the window; the brothers leave H. home; he summons the green horse, jumps high in the form of a green knight and carries the necklace away; the next day the second necklace, on a red horse; the third on a blue one; at home he pulled a bestial stomach over his head, as if he were bald, hired the king as a gardener, but A. saw it; asks her father to collect all the men, she will throw an apple at his chosen one; no one is chosen; there is only a gardener and his bald assistant; A. threw an apple at H., the king lodged them in the stable; he fell ill, the meat of the gazelle will cure him; H. called the red horse, asked he had a castle with servants; any animals, including gazelles; older sons-in-law came; he gave them gazelles, but kept his lungs, heart and liver, and stamped his sons-in-law; made from gazelle meat the food was inedible, and the giblets food brought by the youngest daughter was extremely tasty and the king recovered; the neighboring king demands tribute for 7 years, war began; H. smashes everyone on a red horse; wife and her mother sees him change clothes; the king comes to ask him; he refuses: I am a prince myself, and the husbands of your other two daughters are slaves; they have to show stamps on their bodies; king cut off their heads; H. gave their wives to his brothers; a new wedding feast 40 days; the king handed over the throne to X.]: Littmann 2016:183-204; Iraqi Arabs [dying, the sultan orders three sons to give three sisters for three dervishes who will come to guard his grave; only the youngest guards, deyu descends from the black cloud, opens the grave, the young man cuts off his head, cuts off his lips, eyes, nose, hides his lips, eyes, nose, takes the maiden mare away to his nanny; the same for the next two nights (dev descends from the red, from the white cloud); the neighboring sultan gives three daughters, tells them to get them out of a deep hole, the young man is on horseback three times and dressed as devas galloping gets the girls, leaves her with the nanny; gives the eldest two to the brothers; during the wedding, the youngest deva takes the bride away; the young man goes to look for her, consistently gets to the sisters and their dervish husbands; the latter gives 7 pairs of iron shoes to reach the kidnapped; dev married the local king; the old woman promises to help the young man; under the guise of a girl, he penetrates the kidnapped; pulls out a sea mare, together flies away with his wife; wedding again, stalker dev killed]: Stevens 2006, No. 47:275-286.
South Asia. Northern India (translated from Hindi) [Indra's horses trample on the royal garden at night; three princes take turns guarding; the youngest sprinkles salt on the cut, does not fall asleep, catches the horse, he gives hair to cause a magic horse of any suit; the older brothers want to leave, return on the condition that the youngest becomes the Groshov Servant (GS); the princess will marry someone who jumps on horseback to the roof of the palace and hits her with a ball; On horses of seven colors, HS jumps seven times, the last time allows the princess to scratch him with a sword; HS appears in the guise of a lousy beggar, but gets a princess; the princess's seven brothers cannot get game, HS easily extracts, leaves his wife's brothers, cutting off each animal's tail, claw, etc.; next time he stamps them with a hot coin for giving them water; shows claws, etc. to the king, says that his sons robbed him and were branded for this; the king gave the GS half the kingdom]: Zograf 1962:383-397.
The Balkans. Slovenes [of three brothers, only Zapechnik comes to his father's grave for himself and his brothers; each time he receives a nut; the king tells his daughter's suitors to ride across the glass bridge; Z. every time breaks a nut, pulls out a horse and knightly equipment; for the third time, the princess manages to put a seal on his forehead; the king sends soldiers to look for the winner; Z. finds him, he becomes king]: Arkhipova 1962:221-222; Serbs [the peasant has two clever sons and a third casserole; when he dies, the father tells him to come to his grave three evenings one by one for the inheritance; the eldest sons were afraid, each once they send a casserole; he received 3 nuts, the father tells him to hide them in the cemetery wall; the king will give his daughter for someone who jumps across the glass bridge; the older brothers buy horses and go to try happiness; the casserole splits the first nut, it contains a horse and armor; only an unrecognized casserole galloped across the bridge; so three times (the second horse is silver, the third is gold); the third time the queen put the casserole on his forehead is stamped; he was found, made king]: Tesic 2018:26-28; Albanians [the monster crawls out of the well, eats golden apples; the king promises his eldest, middle, youngest son to marry him, if he kills the monster; the arrows of the elders break against the monster's skin, the youngest kills him with a club, it falls into the well; the Queen asks to lower him on a rope, finds the Beauty of the Earth at the bottom, sends it upstairs, then the dead monster; when he gets up by himself, the servants cut off the rope; the queen goes, sleeps under an oak tree, kills a snake that has come to eat eagles; the grateful eagle takes the queen to the ground, on the way, he feeds her, cuts off the last piece of meat from his own caviar, the eagle regurgitates a piece, puts it back; gives red (a winged horse will arrive), white (a palace will appear), black (servants will appear) ) hair; the king locked the Beauty of the Earth in the palace, will give it to whoever jumps over the ditch and the fence; the queen jumps on a winged horse; the king gives him the girlfriend, recognizes his son at the wedding, executes his servants]: Serkova 1989:33-36; Bosnians [three brothers, a younger simpleton; someone steals hay from a haystack; the elders hear a rumble, run away; the youngest catches a snow-white horse with a pitchfork in silk harness; then a horse in silver a goat; then a bay in gold; hides everyone in a summer stall; the sultan promises a daughter to the one who jumps on horseback a ditch, each time wider; on three horses, the young man fulfills the condition three times, gets three wives princesses; the sultan thinks there were three suitors; the wedding will take place when all three arrive; and let them build a ship that travels by water and land; St. Peter asks everyone what they are doing; the older brothers answer rude, the younger brothers explain politely; Peter gives an ax: if you turn, the ship will move, stop in the other direction; the young man brought him to the ship and swam his three horses; on the way he took a hungry Obedala, a starving horse, and a man who ran after hares with a millstone on his leg; the king orders to eat bread from 70 ovens overnight (Eat eats); for the horse to eat 90 carts of hay during the night (the hungry horse ate); tells him to catch three birds with one stone (a giant catches a millstone); the sultan sent his daughter to buy one hare; he went in a gypsy costume; the giant sold them, but they ran back; the young man and his brothers received a princess]: Preindlsberger-Mrazovic 1905:116-126; Romanians []: Bîrlea 1966:437-437; Moldovans: Botezatu 1981 [someone's horses they trample on millet; the father sends his sons to guard; the elder, the middle fall asleep; the younger Talaesh grabs one of the horses; he orders him to take three hairs from his mane; the king will pass off the youngest daughter as someone who will ride the narrow stairs to her balcony and take off the ring; T. first rides a white horse, his brothers overtake him and beat him; then he summoned his horse Gaitan, who tells him to enter in one ear, get out of the other, T. turns into a dressed groom; G. asks: to drive like the wind or as a thought? T.: in the usual way; seeing the rider, the brothers politely ask where he comes from; T.: from Slap in the face; almost went up to the balcony, but returned; the next day the same (T. tells the horse to lead him like the wind; answers the brothers that he was from Kulakov); on the third day: as a thought; from Knutovsk; the princess gave T. the ring, touched his hair with her hand, it turned gold; the tsar ordered to check all the guys; when the kushma was pulled off T.'s head , everyone saw golden hair; the king moved his daughter and T. to a hut outside his possessions; but G. built a palace for them; war broke out, T. sat on a 105-year-old donkey, got stuck in the mud, ripped off the donkey's skin, this was seen by the king passing by; then he called G., defeated the enemies; the same second time (he sat on a nag, slightly wounded, the king bandaged his hand); the queen went into her daughter's shack, saw her son-in-law's handkerchief; the king went to see and went blind; he would be cured by the lioness's milk; G. brought him to the sleeping lioness, T. fed up with milk; G. turned T. into an old man, he met his sons-in-law, said that when he was young he went to buy milk, and only now he is returning; gave milk (it's cow's) to his sons-in-law for permission to stigmatize them; sons' milk did not help, and what his youngest daughter brought back their sight; everyone gathered, T. about everything told, ordered his sons-in-law to show stamps, the name "T." on them; the tsar gave him the throne]: 157-169; Moldovan tales 1968:222-231 [the herd eats the peasant's millet; the eldest, middle sons fall asleep, the youngest Vasile- the fool puts nettles and blackthorns next to him, does not fall asleep, catches bay, black, damn horses; the king will give the princess for someone who jumps to her window in a high tower and changes the ring on his finger; V. he gets into the ear of a bay (next time a black horse, etc.) horse, comes out as a hero and with a weapon; only the damn jumped; the tsar gives his daughter V., settles in a hut; the enemy attacked, V. smashes enemies, the king tied him wounded hand, at a feast he sees his handkerchief at V.; orders to build a crystal palace and a bridge, next to trees with golden fruits and birds; horses perform everything, turn the king into a pig]; Bulgarians [at night the horse tramples on the peasant's field (vineyard, meadow); the eldest sons fall asleep, the youngest (the fool, "Cinderella") catches the magic horse; he gives him hairs from his mane to summon him; or the father tells him before he dies three sons to guard his grave for three nights; only the youngest son fulfills the request, finds three magic horses; the king will give his daughter to someone who jumps on horseback to the balcony and takes off the princess's finger ring (or he will jump a hole on horseback; he will win the races); a young man unrecognized by his brothers performs the task]: Daskalova-Perkovska 1994, No. 530:194-195; Gagauz people [someone spoils barley; the eldest son guards, falls asleep; the same middle; the youngest Kl Pepeleshka ("ash and ash") sees three horses descending from the sky at midnight, one is enough; each horse gives hair (gray, white, bay; the boyar will give his daughter to the one who jumps to the second floor; KP rides a donkey, calls a gray horse, jumps unrecognized, grabs the girl's handkerchief; at home he answers his brothers that he saw the competition from the top row of a folded dung; the brothers destroyed the dung; again the next day, a white horse, grabs a ring; saw from the top of the skrida; the brothers destroyed the ricks; the boyar sends to look for the owner of the ring, find the KP; he tells the boyar made a stone road, an iron bridge; the boyar does, the KP in the guise of a handsome man comes in a phaeton drawn by three horses, gets a wife; at home plays in ash again; comes again; the boyar wants him moved across the house and back; KP carries, boyar dies of fear, KP stays in his house]: Syrf 2013:184-188.
Central Europe. Slovaks [someone crumples oats; two older brothers guard, drink wine, fall asleep; the youngest eats apples, tames the horse, he gives a halter, promises to help; so three times; the king promises home to someone with the sky will be torn off by a gold ring on a gold cord, an apple, a shawl; the younger brother wins three times on a copper, silver, gold horse; the king is looking for a winner, he is handsome, gets a princess]: Bogatyrev 1955:117-122 (=Gorbov 1949:119-124); Czechs {probably the motive is really present, as Slovaks have several entries}: Uther 2004 (1), No. 530:308-309; Poles ( mazuras) [when dying, the father tells three sons to guard his grave; the elders do not want, the youngest goes instead of them; receives three whips from the father, a ball of thread, instructions on what to do; who will jump on horseback to on the fourth floor of the castle, he will receive a princess; the brothers leave the younger one to watch the pigs and the hearth; he whips the oak tree, gets a golden horse and a luxurious outfit; twice the horse carried him to On the fourth floor, the princess gave a handkerchief and a ring; on the way home, the young man was ripped in the leg; looking for a lame man; he appeared in rags, then in all its splendor; wedding]: Cox 1893, No. 340:445; Russians ( Arkhangelskaya, Olonetskaya, etc.) [Sivko-Burko: younger brother (fool) receives a magic horse from his deceased father; the tsar announces that he will give his daughter only as someone who jumps to a high tower ( pole, glass mountain) where she is and kisses her; the hero performs this task and marries the princess; less often, the hero, having reached the top of the glass mountain, frees the princess who is there from the spell]: SUS 1979, No. 530:150-151; Russians (Arkhangelskaya, 1908, Lapinskaya volost, 18-year-old girl A.S. Filatova, lived as an employee in different villages of Pomerania, composes ditties and songs | "folk poetess" |, illiterate) [Before he dies, the father bequeaths his three sons to spend three nights at his grave. Two older brothers are afraid and ask for the younger Vanka, daughters-in-law offer "fat and oatmeal pancake" and he agrees. He talks to his father for two nights, and he falls into a coffin to the scream of roosters. The daughters-in-law hope that her father will eat Vanka, they do not feel sorry. On the third night, his father gives Vanka a golden ball and orders him to dissolve him and go wherever he points. The next day, the brothers go to fight for the princess "on the third floor", whoever jumps to her window and gets her ring stamped in the forehead will receive her as his wife. Roly takes the basket and goes to the forest, in fact he follows her brothers. He rolled out the ball, the horse jumped out towards him "there is a spark in his nostrils, there is a flame in his mouth", Vanya climbed into one ear - washed his face, dressed up in the other, came to the princess, did not jump only "two crowns". At home, the brothers tell Vanka about a young man who almost jumped to the princess. Vanka asks if it wasn't him, the brothers answer, definitely not him, "a slobber, a machine gun." The next day, everything repeats itself, Vanka did not jump only one crown to the princess. On the third day, Vanya jumped to the princess, and her ring remained in his forehead. Roly smears his face with clay and lies down on the stove. The next day, Vanya and his brothers, smeared with clay and soot, go to a feast with the princess. She cannot find her ring in the "rich and necessary" forehead, noticing Vanka, they decide to wash it and find the ring, the princess recognizes it, they get married. The brothers are jealous of Vanka]: Tseitlin 1911, No. 7:14-16; Russians (Arkhangelskaya) []: Mitrofanova, Fedorova 1966, No. 3:107-108; Russians (Arkhangelsk, Onega University, Savinskaya Vol.) [the soldier left the service, bothered the robbers; they have a cook girl; an old woman came to Easter, gave her an outfit; as she put it on, she died; the robbers left (the coffin) hanging on the poles; the prince found brought her home; the old woman pulled off her sundress, the girl came to life; the wedding; the soldier chased the hare; some house; a woman covered in a golden carriage arrives; asks her to "scold" for three nights leaves a book, bottles, he must read inside the circle; evil spirits rush, but then disappears; the girl's hair has come down to her shoulders; after the next night, to the navel; after the third, everything is clean; she asks the soldier not to leave, but he wants to take a walk; if she does not return in an hour and a half, she will fly to the kingdom of far away; he returned in one and a half; slept with a Jew at night, went to the pier in the morning; there by ship That girl sailed, but a boy sent by a Jew stuck a pin into the soldier's overcoat and he fell asleep, the girl did not wake up; so three times; after the third time she left a note: to look for her in a kingdom far away; the soldier sailed to the city, where the princess in the tower, who rides, will receive her, otherwise he will be executed; three executed heroes are exhibited; where the soldier served at the tavern, his daughter gave an inexhaustible purse; the soldier filled three barrels of gold, the king allowed the heroes to be buried; horses consistently jump out of the graves to the soldier: in copper, silver, gold armor; the princess stamped his forehead with a ring; heroes came to life, came out of their graves, all four go to the mountain, where the soldier pulls out his shoes, a dress, a carriage; marries a princess]: Smirnov 1917, No. 9:94-108; Russians (Olonetskaya, Zaonezhye, d. Shunga-Bor, 1926) [A man dies and punishes his sons: each of them should spend the night on the grave. The first night, the eldest son refuses, sends Vanka the Fool. Roly the fool spends the night at the grave, the priest comes and asks who he is. Vanka answers. They go into the open field. The old man calls Sivko-Burko. Roly climbs into his right ear, crawls out through his left ear - he becomes young and beautiful. On the second night, the middle son does not want to go and sends Vanka. Vanka sleeps, his father gives him the best horse. On the third night, Vanka goes to spend the night himself. My father gives a horse even better than the first one. The princess built a nine-crown house. Condition: Marries someone who jumps and rips off the ring. The brothers went to get a ring. Ivan the Fool ran into the field, summoned the horse, climbed into his right ear and got out through his left ear and became young. I rode on the second horse and jumped 3 crowns. He summoned a third horse and jumped six crowns. He returned to the field, called Sivko-Burko, jumped over nine crowns, grabbed the ring. The princess hit him in the forehead. He returned to the field, became a fool, covered his forehead and finger with clay. At night, the house caught fire from a ring. The princess was looking for Ivan, had a feast, splashed her marriage on her hand, and saw a ring. I had to marry a fool. Tsar Trescites went to war against Ivan. The old king had two more son-in-law, they went to war against T., and Vanka went to war with them. Ivan was sworn in, he went to the field, called Sivko-Burko, did a great job, defeated the tsar. Son-in-law arrived and began to share the victory. Ivan wins for two belts from the back. Sons-in-law brag. T. attacks again, Ivan wins, gives his sons-in-law a victory for two buckles from his thigh. For the third time, T. wins and cuts off his head. He sells his head by the little fingers off his feet. Well done. The king gathers a feast and praises his sons-in-law. His wife brings Ivan. Ivan shows three times the ransom of his sons-in-law for the victory. This is the third time the sons-in-law repent. Ivan begins to live well until the Red Army Ruined]: Karnaukhova 2008, No. 8:67-69; Russians (from the collection of P.I. Kireevsky, Zap. Yakushkin) [before his death, the father tells his sons to sit in his grave for three nights; the first time the youngest fool comes; the other two times he is the same (the elders do not want, promise gifts to the fool); the father gets up from the grave, gives three horse hair; the fool burned them, the sivka-burka runs, the prophetic kaurka, the fool got into one ear - got drunk, ate, in the other - became handsome; the princess is sitting on the third floor; the king promises it to whoever he will kiss her on horseback; the fool rides to the first floor on the first day, on the second to the second, on the third day he kisses the princess, she hits him with a gold ring; the brothers tell the fool every time how well done; the fool comes to the feast blindfolded, the princess recognizes him, takes him as a husband; the king asks his sons-in-law to get golden feathers for the duck, gives the fool an old oath; he kills her, calls Sivka- burka, pulls out a duck, gives it to smart sons-in-law, for this he cuts off their little finger on the right hand; the same pig a golden bristle with 12 piglets (on the toe); a golden-maned mare with 12 foals; the horse tells beat her with copper, iron, tin rods; a fool cuts his sons-in-law out of his back with a belt; at a feast he shows what was cut off, everything grows, the fool calls a sivka-burka, since then he has been recognized, lives royally]: Afanasiev 1958 (2), No. 182:10-15; Russians (Vologda): Kuzmina 2008, No. 58 [], 59 [], 60 []: 138-145, 145-151, 151-153; Smirnov 1917, No. 38 [when he dies, his father tells him to come to his grave for three nights; two clever married older brothers do not go, the younger Ivanushka the fool goes, his father talks to him three times, teaches him how to summon an eternal kaurka sivka-burka; Nastasya the Beautiful will marry the one who jumps up to her to the window of the second floor of the house, she will make a note on his forehead; I. gets into his ear, eats and drinks there, becomes handsome, N. puts a mark on his forehead with a ring; finds, takes him as a husband; a three-headed snake declares war on the king; the king calls three sons-in-law, I. on a thin horse, then summoned a sivka, cut off the snake's heads, gives it to his older sons-in-law for allowing them to be cut off on the toe; the same is the six-headed serpent (hand to finger); nine-headed (cut out belts from the back); I. sends N. to the king to wait for the kingdom to be handed over to his older sons-in-law; orders to show his arms, legs, backs; the king wrote off the kingdom of V., the elders sons-in-law were shot at the gate]: 202-208; Sokolov, Sokolov 1981, No. 33 []: 128-130; Russians (Pskov) [two smart brothers, and Ivan is a fool; when he dies, his father tells him to guard his grave for three nights in turn; the older brothers entrust this to I.; the father gives the goat golden horns, the golden bristle pig and Sivka-Burka; when you get into one ear, get out of the other, you become a handsome young man; who is a princess to the third she will jump up on the floor and get her portrait, to whom she will put her ring on her finger; I. rode Sivka-Burka three times, jumped to the first, the next day to the second, finally to the third floor, received the ring; in his shack it shines with fire, I had to tie my finger; I. was found with the ring, but he was in the form of an old fool; war began, I. smashes enemies on a heroic horse; against him a wasp (hero), who was fattened for 12 days; he wounded I. in the arm and horse in the leg, the princess bandaged him; and I. immediately killed him; when I. fell asleep (not in heroic form), the princess saw her chain and scarf; leads to the king for treats; the king tells his sons-in-law to get goat-golden horns; I. gives his older sons-in-law a goat, for which he cuts off his little fingers from his hand; for a golden bristle pig, from foot to finger; now the king demands a mare and with her 12 sons; Sivka-Burka: this is our mother; we need to dig a hole, 12 skins on him and pour 12 barrels of resin; Sivki-Burka's mother will recognize his voice, come running, bite 12 skins, but not himself, and he will push her into a hole, even if I . will put a check; 12 stallions followed her; gave them to his sons-in-law, for this to tear off the skin belts from his back; when the king wanted to write off the kingdom to his sons-in-law, I. showed his little fingers and belts; his sons-in-law were torn on their ponytails, Vanya and his wife remained in the state]: Ploshchuk 2004, No. 39:112-124; Russians (Vladimirskaya, Pereslavl-Zalessky y.) [The sorcerer tells his sons to bury him in a boundary hole at the crossroads; they asked a soldier to do so; on the advice of Nicholas the Wonderworker, the soldier beat the sorcerer in the teeth with oak stakes and he did not eat him; the elders sons refuse to guard the coffin, Ivan the Fool comes all three nights; his father gives him a prophetic kaurka, a deer gives him golden horns, a pig a golden bristle; the king will give his daughter for someone who drives through the steep the crystal bridge and will break through three doors, receiving a gold seal on his forehead and a ring on his hand; I. overtook the brothers, and then climbed the sivke-burke into his left ear, took on a stupid look, brought his mother a bag with toadstool; so three times; I. marries a princess, but looks like a fool; sells sivka-burka brothers, then a deer, then a pig by the thumbs on the left hand, then on the right hand, then for the belts from the back; attacked by enemies, I. them smashed, wounded in the leg, the tsar bandaged, I.'s wife recognized the handkerchief; everything became clear; the brothers were driven away, I. began to rule the kingdom]: Smirnov 2008, No. 8:71-73; Russians (Moscow) [dying, father commands three nights to be at his grave; the older brothers are afraid, Vanyushka goes all three times; on the third night, the father gave a golden-haired deer, a golden bristle to the pig and a mare about 77 foals; the princess on the porch will marry the one to whom will put his seal; V. climbed into one ear of the mare, got out of the other, did a good job, jumped up to the princess, she put a seal; V. was found in his miserable appearance, the princess wants another groom; the tsar promises her to the one who brings the golden-haired deer; V. gives a deer to another groom, for which he cut a belt out of his back; gold pig bristles (the same - cut off a toe); a mare (the same finger from his hand); V. The cut off presents to the tsar, receives the princess and the kingdom]: Vedernikova, Samodelova 1998, No. 49:107-110; Russians (Ryazan) [the old man had a son, a younger fool; dying, the father ordered at night at the grave to watch; the eldest does not want, the youngest went, the father: why didn't the big one come; the next night the middle son (the same); on the third night the fool went for himself; the father gives him a sivka-burka, a prophetic kaurka, runs - earth trembles, flame from her mouth, smoke from her ears; the old man tells her to serve a fool; there is a rumor across the kingdom: whoever jumps on horseback and kisses the king's daughter on the balcony will marry her; the brothers went to watch; the fool goes into the forest for mushrooms; shouted a sivka-burka, climbed into one ear, got out of the other; became handsome; galloped, almost kissed; galloped back; climbed into one ear, got out of the other, became the same; let go of the sivka, brought home a purse of mushrooms; on the third day, a fool kissed the princess, became a royal son-in-law; the king has two more smart sons-in-law; the king orders to get the firebird; two son-in-law went hunting; the fool went hunting on the nag; went to the outskirts; killed the horse ripped off the skin; called the sivka; the sivka got him a firebird; the fool lies, the firebird walks near him; the sons-in-law drove up and asked to give it to them; he agrees in exchange for little fingers on the right hands; sons-in-law agreed because they eat with gloves; sons' wives are happy; the fool is hung with daws, crows, goes; his wife cries; the fool keeps quiet; the king asks his sons-in-law to bring a nightingale, no even better; (same; the fool lies, the nightingale is sitting next to him in a cage; the fool gives the nightingale in exchange for his toes; the sons-in-law agree, because they are wearing shoes); the king orders the deer to get golden horns (same: in exchange for belts from the back; the sons-in-law agreed, as they wear shirts); the fool shows the king his little fingers, toes and straps from the back; tells how it happened; the king gives him the kingdom, older sons-in-law with Out of sight; their wives cry, fool's wife rejoices]: Khudyakov 1964, No. 9:78-79; Russians (Voronezh) [Tsar puts his unmarried beautiful daughter in the tower, promises her hand to whoever jumps to her window and kiss her. Before he dies, the old man asks each of his three sons to guard his grave for one night. The elder Vanya the fool guards all 3 nights instead of his brothers. His father brings him a goat, golden horns, then a pig, a golden bristle, and on the last night a horse - "a golden mane and a golden bridle". Father orders animals to be released into the field. On his father's advice, Vanya climbs his horse into one ear and crawls into the other, becoming handsome. The brothers go to fight for the princess's hand and refuse to take Ivan with them. Three times Vanya on a golden horse ("smoke is coming from his nostrils, fire is burning from under his hooves") jumps to the princess's windows, kisses her for the third time, and gets a stamp on her forehead. Mary the princess leaves the tower, waits for the groom, but he does not appear. The brothers realize that Vanya the Fool kissed the princess, and they force him to the king. The stigma is revealed and he is married to Mary. Vanya and the princes go hunting, catches magpies and crows on horseskin in the field, and brings them to the palace. The princes say that they saw the goat golden horns and the pig golden bristles, but could not catch it, Vanya boasts that he could. When they go hunting for the third time, Vanya calls a goat and a pig ("stand in front of me like a leaf in front of grass"), gives the animals to the princes, takes each finger and a belt from the back. At the royal feast, he proves that the princes did not catch animals and keeps them at home. With the help of a horse, he turns handsome and lives happily with his wife]: Baryshnikova 2007, No. 23:118-123; Russians (Kursk) [when dying, the father asks the children to come to his grave to read; the elders do not go by themselves , send Vanyusha; the late father sends a horse; V. entered one ear, left the other, became handsome; the tsar has a daughter Elena the Beautiful; ordered to build a temple with 12 pillars, 12 crowns; sits upstairs on the throne ; the groom must jump up on horseback and kiss him on the lips; V. performed three times, K. recognized him among the audience]: Afanasiev 1958 (2), No. 180:6-7; Belarusians [two smart sons, the third fool, slept for with an ash stove; when he dies, the father tells his sons to take turns guarding his grave; the eldest sons fell asleep; the fool does not sleep; at midnight a horse appeared: gold and silver wool, a diamond bridle; his boyfriend caught, the horse promised to help; the queen would marry the one who would jump to her third floor on horseback; the fool, unrecognized, galloped past his brothers, warmed him with a whip; on the first day he jumped to the first, then - until the second, on the third day to the third floor, he took a ring; the king called all the men; the fool appeared in luxurious clothes on a magic horse, received the queen]: Afanasiev 1958 (2), No. 181:8-9; Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Transcarpathia, Galicia, Volyn, Chernihiv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Podolia, Pokutye, Poltava, Kharkiv): SUS 1979, No. 530:150-151; Western Ukrainians (Transcarpathia) [at the Tsar a meadow with silk grass; someone grazes on it; the king promises his daughter what he learns; three sons of an ordinary man take care of; the middle, the youngest did not see it; the younger Ivan the Fool feeds the mouse; she says that these are silver, gold, diamond horses; everyone should remove the bridle and not give it back; I. hid the bridles in the hollow, did not say anything; the grass is intact; the king does not want to give his daughter for I .; will give to whoever jumps to the third tier {tower}; each of the horses orders to remove a harness and sword (silver, gold, diamond) from her left ear; the princess gives I. a handkerchief, then a ring, then hit I. in the forehead with a royal seal; he hides gifts in ash, pulled a stocking over his forehead, but it was found; the young were accommodated in a goose barn; enemies attacked, unrecognized I. smashes them; replies to the king that he is from Libovaros ( Hungarian: goose town); so three times; the king bandaged the knight's wounded finger; recognized his handkerchief; handed the crown to I.]: P. Lintur in Pankeev 1992:112-122; Ukrainians (Podolia) [grandfather and woman went to the forest for firewood; sat down to eat, picking up crumbs; they brought him home; a year later he tells him to marry the princess; the tsar suggests that the groom jump up to the princess sitting on the third floor and take her sign; he went to the forest, chipped in well, sat on his horse, got a ring (? signal) princesses; the king threw a signal into the sea - let him get it; he got it from the bottom; the princess agrees; after a while the king calls the young to a feast; he has already thrown off his skin, came to the feast; the princess quietly returned home and burned her skin; the husband ran, hit his wife in the face, blood sprayed on his shirt; left, saying that he was no longer her husband; the wife went in search; on the way she bought a gold tow from a woman, the other has a reel, the third has a golden hen with chickens; the girls ask if she will wipe the blood off their owner's shirt; it was easily erased; hired to herd geese; she began to spin a golden tow in sight; the new wife bought for permission to spend one night with her husband; gave him sleeping pills; the same the next day (reel); on the third night (hen with chickens), the wife pricked her husband with a needle in the finger, he woke up ; the couple began to live happily, and the other wife was expelled]: Levchenko 1928, No. 481:326-328; Ukrainians (Poltava, c. 1878, p. M. Borispol, Pereyaslavsky Street) [Sons chew bread for their old father; he wants to thank them by giving each of them a horse. Before he dies, he asks everyone to spend one night at his grave. Older brothers send a younger one instead of themselves, a fool. His father tells him to pull the hair out of the right ear of a beautiful roaming horse, which will then appear whenever a fool whistles at him. The son repeats the action two nights in a row and then in turn. The brothers are going to cross the glass bridge to the princess's palace: she promises to marry whoever succeeds, the youngest is left to herd pigs. The fool summons the horse, overtakes the brothers, hits them with a whip, reaches the middle of the bridge and returns to the field. At home, the brothers complain about the rider who hit them, the fool laughs, says they should stay at home. The next day, everything repeats itself, the fool almost reaches the princess's palace, saying that he will not go on his own. On the third day, the fool jumps to the palace, leaves a stamp on his forehead and arm, at home he ties his forehead and arm, says as if he had fallen. The princess promises to marry someone who catches a wild boar and a goat. The fool summons a horse, hunts animals, changes clothes, gives it to his brother, for which he cuts off their fingers. The princess arranges a big dinner to find the one who crossed the glass bridge, finds a fool among the guests, dresses him up, and he proves with his fingers who caught the wild boar and the goat. The king marries young people. He gives his son-in-law a horse, who takes him out into the field, removes his skin, calls dogs, wolves, crows, they eat it, and the fool comes back. The king gives another horse, he repeats the actions. The king goes to visit and takes all the horses with him so that his son-in-law does not kill them, the princess asks them to be left, but the father does not leave them. Her husband promises her he'll get horses. After the tsar's departure, the fool whips out a beautiful three horses, the young ones catch up with the tsar, he does not recognize them]: Chubinsky 1878, No. 70:269-274; northern Ukrainians (Chernigov, Nezhinsky y.) [dying, the father tells three sons to guard his grave for three days; the eldest came and returned to the house; the same middle one; the youngest fool hit the cross, the father praises him; after the second blow he gave three hairs; the princess on the fifth floor of the house on the porch; whoever rides a horse, the king will give her to him as his wife; the fool also rides, harnessed the horse in his stupa; then he set fire to his hair, the horse appeared; on him the guy overtook the brothers, hit him, jumped up to half the height of the tower; the same for the second time; the third time he galloped, the princess put a star on his forehead and put a ring on his finger; the king tells him to look for who it is; found, the younger brother became the royal son-in-law]: Malinka 1902, No. 26:300-302; Ukrainians [(no place of recording); before death, the father tells his sons to sit in his grave for three nights; the eldest sons feast, each time the youngest fool goes; the father gets up their graves, gives a bridle for black, bay, blue horses; the king promises a daughter to whoever jumps to her on horseback; a fool calls one of the horses every time, enters one ear, comes out of the other handsome , jumps to the princess, takes her handkerchief for the third time, she puts a stamp on his forehead with a gold ring; the king sends him to look for a stamped man, finds a fool, crowns the princess, settles him in a separate hut; the king asks to get a goat with golden hair; the fool tells his wife to beg his father-in-law for a nag, kills her, calls a black horse, becomes handsome, gets a goat, gives another seeker for the joint of his finger with right hand; the same is a wild boar in gold and silver (a bay horse, another joint is cut off from the opponent); a mare in gold and silver (blue horse; third joint); presents the cut off at the feast, calls horses, receives the kingdom, makes brothers lords, marries, builds a church over his father's grave]: Afanasiev 1958 (2), No. 184:29-34.
Caucasus - Asia Minor. Abkhazians [father tells his sons Mac, Mazhv, Hyanchkut to guard his grave for three nights; H. goes all three times; catches a black, bay, white horse, they promise help; the tsar will give his youngest daughter whoever jumps to the top of the tower will take the princess's diamond ring; H. participates in competitions incognito three times, achieved his goal on a white horse; has taken on his former form; the king orders to gather all men, the ring H. shows, he and his wife are accommodated in a hut; the king is sick; reluctantly X. also vows to go to look for a cure; on a crow horse, H. cuts fish into the sea, in which a roe deer, a hare, a casket, a sparrow in the casket, his brain - head medicine; H. gives it to older sons-in-law for their severed index fingers; the same is medicine for the back (horse's bay; bear bones; severed little fingers); for the abdomen (white horse, deer milk, the horse puts his sons-in-law with a hoof below his back); H. defeats enemies, is wounded, the wife recognizes the sling; everything turns out that H. gets the kingdom]: Shakryl 1975, No. 42:213-229 (=Bgabzha 2002:201-213); Ossetians [ someone's horse poisons millet; three brothers decide to guard him one by one; the older ones are sleeping, the younger Funukts (Cinderella) caught a horse, who gave him a bridle to call him when necessary; Aldar's daughter is in the tower; he will give it to him who will rip the ring out of her hands; the horse tells F. to pull the saddle out of one of his ears and his clothes from the other; F. flew past the tower twice; the third time tore off the ring; Aldar called the men to identify the groom; F. came in beggar clothes, and covered the ring with a rag; but Aldar's daughter noticed the ring and gave the bowl to F.; F. appeared at the wedding in his heroic appearance]: Dzagurov 1973, No. 36:108-113; Ingush [dying, old man tells his sons to guard the grave: he dreamed of a wonder and it will come to disturb him; the elder brother asks the younger brother named Ovdilg ("fool") to go instead of him; a red horse like a leopard comes running, begins to tear the grave with his hooves, O. tamed him; the same with his middle brother (white horse); on the third night, a black horse; each gives O. his hairs to call him; the prince gives three daughters, the youngest is Harsen Nars with golden head and silver hands; O. jumps to three towers on three horses, takes and hides three girls; gives the elders to his brothers, XN takes for himself; Biydolg Biare kidnaps her; O. comes consistently to the son of the Sun, the Son of the Month, the son of the Star; BB has a three-legged guling horse; BB asks him twice if we will catch up before lunch; he replies that we will catch up; BB breaks O. with his wolf club, takes XN; son The Suns, the son of the Month, are resurrected by O.; the son of the Star tells him to go to the mountain where the Guling mother fights; tear the muscle off his arm, feed the wolf, otherwise he will wean the guling's leg; now O. has four-legged guling, and BB has three-legged; BB can't catch up with O., guling goes to the ground, BB dies; wives drive O. brothers out to look for him; O. kills three Enjal monsters; brothers put a sword in the doorway, O. cuts off his legs against her, brothers they take the guling; the blind and armless come to live with O.; while three cripples are hunting, XN's fire goes out; she comes to the yeshapyats; they give a sieve of ash on top of the coals; on the ash trail, the yeshap mother finds a home drinks HN blood; for promising not to kill her, yeshapikha gives O. a bar, he cures the cripple; O. kills yeshapiha; O. kills and revives brothers, drives them away]: Malsagov 1983, No. 8:55-71 (= Tankieva 2003:31-48); Avars [=Ganieva 2011b, No. 7:114-121; when dying, the father tells three sons to guard his grave, give three daughters for those who ask; the elder, middle brothers are afraid, the youngest grabs a gray horse, he carries it to seventh heaven and to the seventh lower world, tamed, gives his hair; the same with nest, black horses; sisters are given for a wolf, a hawk, a falcon; the king consistently promises three daughters to someone who will jump over the tower on horseback; each time the younger brother calls the horse, takes the girl away, the brothers are jealous; all three go down to the dungeon, feast there, the older ones are drunk, the youngest kills the 9-headed serpent, cuts off his ears, hides his ears; the old man comes out from under the bush, thanks the snake for the murder, gives his younger brother his daughter; Black Nart (CHN) will demand her; the old man warns not to stop on the way home ; the young man falls asleep, ChN takes his wife; he finds sisters, they were also taken by the Narts under the guise of a wolf, a hawk, a falcon; they do not know where ChN lives, but the Bat shows the way; while ChN sleeps, the young man takes them away wife, CHN on a three-legged horse catches up, kills a young man; the horse brings bones to his younger sister, her husband gives his second life to the young man; the young man asks his wife to ask ChN where he got the three-legged horse; under a stone plain, where a horse, his brother and their mother graze; the horse lost its leg when a wolf and ants rushed at him; a young man throws wheat and meat to them, takes the horse away; the horse kills the pursuer - CHN; the young man gives it to his wife brothers, takes two for himself]: Saidov, Dalgat 1965:215-230; Gunzibs [father tells his sons to guard the grave for three nights after his death; the eldest, middle, go to bed; the youngest kills a rider on black a horse who has come to ruin the grave of his enemy takes the horse and jewelry; the next two nights the same (to a horseman on a blue horse, on a blue horse); he hides horses; the king will give three daughters to those on horseback He will jump across the river; the young man wins three times, takes the girls, the brothers do not recognize him; he gives them a princess, a horse, gives them treasures, leaves on a white horse with the younger princess]: Berg 1995:234-243; Megrelia : Stepanov 1898, No. 15 [when he dies, the father tells his three sons to watch his grave; the eldest two did not dare to go to the cemetery; the younger Gedlachi the fool cut off the head of a beast that rushed to dig up the grave ; the father went out, gave a horse; the horse ordered that what was lying there be removed from his ear; there were horse ammunition, clothes, weapons; the king would give his daughter to someone who would fly on horseback to her 2nd floor; unrecognized G. performs the task, the princess receives, forgives the brothers for past ridicule]: 47-50; Wardrobe 1894, No. 8 [when dying, the priest tells him to read the psalter for three nights; the elder and middle sons refused, the youngest read three nights, received three horses from the father and a blessing; the king will give his daughter to the one who will fly to the top of the castle on horseback and kiss the princess; the young man consistently tries three horses, on the latter he achieves his goal; wedding; The Queen Mother fell ill, asked her son-in-law to bring milk from a deer living between the Black and White Seas; he brought it and she recovered]: 140-141; Georgians (Kartli) [dying, the king tells three sons three knives to guard his grave; the elders refuse, each time the youngest goes; at midnight a man on a white horse in white clothes rode, promises to kill the dead; the young man cut him, hid his horse and armor; the next night, the same (red rider); then black; the king has three daughters in the tower; whoever jumps up there on horseback and gets a beautiful woman marries her; the younger brother reaches the princess unrecognized every time, takes all three; he took one for himself, gave the others to his brothers; when he dies, the father tells him not to spend the night away from home if possible; once the youngest spent the night, and his wife was stolen by a bald chongurist; the brothers have three sisters for a deva , eagle and gveleshapi; the maid came for water, the prince quietly threw his ring into the jug, the sister found out; dev is powerless, sends to the eagle; still sends to the gveleshapi; he says that the kidnapper rides a three-legged seahorse; you have to get a four-legged one; once a year a mare comes out of the sea, gives birth to a foal; it is eaten by wolves, they have to leave the sheep in time; the chongurist did not have time, so one leg they gnawed off; the prince got a four-legged man, took his wife away, the chongurist is catching up, but the prince's horse kicked and killed him; the prince put his wife on his three-legged wife; everything is fine; three red pomegranates fell, three juicy apples]: Kurdovanidze 1988 (1), No. 70:317-328; Armenians [the old man has three sons, the youngest Jahannes is a fool and a lazy person; someone poisons crops; the elder, middle sons are guarding, worrying; the youngest cut his finger, poured salt; a horse with fiery wings came down from the sky, J. put a bridle on him, tamed him; the horse promised to be a servant; to call him, you have to whistle and call him three times; the brothers did not believe about the horse; the king will give her daughter who will jump to her balcony on the tower on horseback; J.'s horse almost jumped twice, on the third day J. took off the ring from the princess's finger; at home he wrapped his hand with a rag, otherwise the ring shines with fire; everything gathered to the princess; she untied the dirty rag, the ring shone; Y. washed, clothed, married the princess]: Dirr 1920, No. 30:142-147; Azerbaijanis [dying, the king orders three sons to guard three nights his grave; Melik-Ahmed and Melik-Jamshid did not go, Melik-Jamil went; a black rider was approaching, promising to punish the king; MD killed him, hid the horse; the next two nights, the horse and the rider were white; red; the king also warned that three dervishes would come in 40 days, and his three daughters should be extradited for them; the older brothers did not pay attention, MD gave away the sisters; the neighboring king would give three daughters off as who will jump over a wide ditch on a horse; the Melik-Jamila brothers and other suitors could not, the unrecognized MD jumped three times on black, white, red horses, in clothes removed from those riders, each time takes away one of the princesses, hides in a secret place; then he gave the elder princesses to his brothers, took the youngest for himself; once they were all visiting the king; someone's hand lifted MA's wife into the air, carried it away; voice: I am keosa (" beardless") with three hair; MD came to him when he fell asleep for seven days; his wife said that his soul was in a glass vessel; a swallow flew out of him, MD killed her, Keosa died, MD and his wife returned to his brothers]: Bagriy, Zeynally 1935:222-226; Turks [the horse tramples on the peasant's field; the elder brother did not notice anything, the younger brother guards attentively; three times a year apart he meets the horse, receiving more and more luxurious attire from him; the princess will receive someone who climbs her glass mountain; she must put a ring on his finger; the hero succeeds twice; he bandaged his finger and ring with a rag; the king called all the men, the hero is recognized]: Eberhard, Boratav 1953, No. 73:82; talyshi [dying, the father tells three sons to come to his grave for three nights; only the youngest goes three times and sees A rider in white on a white horse, with a white sword, wants to dig up his father's body, a young man kills him, hides his clothes, throws his body into a well; the same with black, with red horsemen; the padishah announces that whoever He will jump over the pool and take his daughter away, can marry her; he has three daughters; the younger brother, wearing clothes and sitting on a white rider's horse, grabs the girl, brings the old man; the same with her two sisters (on a black horse, on a red horse); brothers (not knowing that the rider is their younger brother) manage to stab the young man in the arm with an arrow; he explains everything to the brothers, three brothers married the padishah's three daughters]: Asatryan 2005:33- 40.
Iran - Central Asia. Persians (Farce, Khorasan) [only the youngest of the three princes does not sleep guarding his father's grave; every night he kills a rider who comes to ruin the grave; each of the three horses gives their hair, with with which you can summon him; horses help you complete difficult assignments and get three princesses - for yourself and your brothers; options: horses are sorceress maidens; jump over the pool; remove oranges from the top of a glass pole; brothers throw the youngest into the well, save him, the brothers are burned]: Marzolph 1984, No. 530:111-112; Tajiks: Amonov 1980 [when dying, the father tells him to guard his grave for three nights; the eldest son sees the flame in the sky, runs away; the middle son remains; the youngest remains; a voice from the flame says that the deceased lent him three horses, gives him three hairs to summon them; the daughter of the padishah will go out whoever jumps over the wall; the youngest son makes three attempts, each time on a new horse, jumped over the third time; the same in the goat, the third time threw the goat against the wall; gets the daughter and the throne of the padishah; brothers ask him to help find his younger brother; the young padishah admits that it is him, makes them viziers]: 95-98; Amonov, Ulug-zade 1957 [when the father dies, the elder and middle sons ask to leave they are rich, and the youngest is their father's instruction; the father tells him to spend three nights at his grave; a crow, a bay, a white horse appear, each giving his hair to summon him; the younger brother grazes cattle elders, and on holiday, the unrecognized wins competitions: ride up the palace stairs on horseback; made chief of the army, gets a royal daughter]: 134-137; Yagnobs [father orders three in the evenings to watch his grave; the elder, middle brothers refuse, the youngest guards three in the evening, receives a black, red, white horse; the king promises a daughter to the one whose horse will climb a hundred steps; a young man burns the hairs of those horses, wins three times, receives a princess not the third time; another king sends an old woman, she gives a sleepy potion, the husband falls asleep, the wife is kidnapped; together with the brothers on three magic horses, the husband comes to the kidnapper, kills him, returns his wife, marries the kidnapper's daughters to his brothers]: Andreev, Peshereva 1957, No. 15:94-96; Baluchi: Zarubin 1932, No. 16 [a dying father orders three sons to guard his grave for three nights; the elders refuse, the youngest kills a wonder every night, whose upper lip is to the sky, the lower lip to the ground; the king promises daughters to the one who jumps on a horse 40 wells; the young man fulfills the condition three times, gets all three]: 198-201; 1949, No. 4 [a noble man has two sons from one wife, the youngest from another; when he dies, he tells them to guard his grave for three nights; older brothers refused to go, the youngest went three times; asks his mother to give him his father's sword; each time he kills a rider who came on a black (mouse, kaur) horse, began to tear up the grave; hides horses, clothes, etc. He says nothing to the brothers; the king will give his daughter to a house whose horse will jump over the ditch; the young man jumped over the ditch three times, each time on horses of a new suit, received three princesses for his brothers and for himself; he shows them horses and girls; all three got married and achieved their wishes]: 40-52.
Baltoscandia. Latvians: Aris, Medne 1977, No. 530.I [younger brother guards his father's grave (field) for three nights, receives a whistle that can be used to summon a horse and get a rich robe; the king promises pass off his daughter as someone who climbs her glass mountain on horseback; both clever brothers go; the youngest calls a silver horse; he is allowed to ride to the middle of the mountain; when he returns home, he whips the brothers with a whip; listening to their story, he says that he, sitting on the roof of the bathhouse (barn, cage), saw everything; the brothers rip off the roof; the second time the fool rides a golden horse; the third time he reaches the top on a diamond mountains; the princess gives him a ring (also: leaves a sign on his forehead); the fool returns home and sleeps on ash again; the princess finds a hero]: 297; Grishina 1993 [dying, the father tells his three sons in turn to guard his grave for three nights; the older brothers are afraid, the youngest fool goes three times; receives silver, gold, diamond pipes from his father to call the same (silver, etc.) horses with the same sets of clothes ; except for the diamond pipe, a diamond apple; the king will give his daughter to someone who drives her on a glass mountain; a fool in a new guise rises to a third, half, to the top of the mountain, throws a diamond to the princess an apple, she puts a silver star on his forehead; brothers tell the youngest about an extraordinary rider; the king is looking for him; the messenger tears off his forehead towel, the young man is taken to the palace; wedding]: 271-276; The Livons [after the death of their father, two brothers share the inheritance, the youngest fool is sent to herd pigs; the king puts his daughter in a glass tower, promises to give it to whoever jumps through the tower to the top, half the kingdom to boot; every brother must spend the night at the father's grave; the elders are afraid, send the youngest instead; every time the father gets up from the grave, whistles into the pipe, the horse comes running (golden, then silver, diamond), the father gives a pipe to his youngest son; he hides everything from his brothers; on a golden horse he rises to half; at home, older brothers tell their wives that they are afraid of tickling; younger: it's you maimed when they fell from a glass slope, saw it from the roof of the house; brothers burn the house, live in a barn; the same with a silver horse (they burn the shed, live in a bathhouse); on a diamond horse, the youngest climbed to the top, received a ring, a handkerchief and a kiss from the princess; the brothers burned the bathhouse, live in a pigsty; they call men, the ring from a fool, the king settles the young in a separate city; the king's son is fighting, an imaginary fool with him, is not recognized; wounded, the king bandaged the wound with a handkerchief, recognized the handkerchief, brings his daughter and husband back to him, admits he is the smartest]: Setälä in Kippar 2002:61-65; Estonians (Palamuse; the story is not common, but throughout Estonia ) [When dying, a rich man tells his three sons to take turns guarding his grave for 3 nights; the elders do not, though, the youngest Cinderella (Tuhkapuss) goes all three times; on the first night, a wagon drawn with silver horses, the second with gold horses, the third with diamond horses; the king marked his daughter on the top of a glass mountain; whoever gets her out of there will marry her; younger brother in silver, gold, diamond clothes up the mountain three times and takes the princess's golden egg for the third time; the king gathered the men, the egg was found from Cinderella, the princess cries; the king: whoever of the son-in-law brings the best gift will be me more expensive; Cinderella easily caught an elk, gave it to her older sons-in-law, taking it on the finger of his right hand; next time a pig (on the toe); the third time a golden spruce cone (belt from the back); everyone gathered Cinderella showed his fingers, belts; received the throne]: Mälk et al. 1967, No. 75:227-231; Seto [the youngest of three sons is lazy and stupid, nicknamed Viruskundras); the father tells after his death three nights to guard the grave; every night a flower grows on it; the eldest son does not guard, comes in the morning, the flower has already been eaten; the middle one is also asleep, there is no flower; the youngest smokes a pipe, grabs a copper horse, gets bridled to summon the horse when necessary; then two more nights, Z. received a bridle from the silver and gold horses; tells his brothers that every time he slept, he knows nothing; the king will give his daughter who is before her she will get on horseback; she is in a glass tower on a glass mountain; the unrecognized Z. tries three times; the copper horse has reached half, the silver horse is almost to the end, the gold horse has reached the princess, she gave her ring; the king orders all men to be summoned; Z. comes with a tied finger; the princess tells me to untie, sees her ring, Z. shows her horses; wedding; a daughter was born; after the death of the old king, Z. inherited kingdom; put his wife on a golden horse, his daughter on a copper horse, sat on a silver horse himself, they flew to heaven]: Sandra 2004:252-256; Karelians (Finnish Karelia) [the youngest son is Cinderella, irresponsible muddy; when he dies, the father tells his sons to take turns guarding his grave; the elder sends Z. instead of himself; the father speaks from the grave, tells them to wash themselves in the spring, Z. turns into a handsome man, appears mighty black horse; then Z. takes its former form, the horse disappears at the spring; the same when it is the middle son's turn (the horse is the color of water); on the third night there is a white horse; the father asks what to give the son, he chooses wisdom; in winter he catches pike in the ice-hole, lets him go, which gives him the ability, saying, "By pike's command, at my will" to fulfill any desire; Z. tells the buckets to go home themselves; the next day tells the axe to cut down trees, the sleigh to carry firewood from the forest himself; the king ordered him to find out the secret by giving Z. a drink, but he told himself not to get drunk; comes to the king on the stove; tells the princess to fall in love with him; the king will give her for someone who rides a horse to the top floor of the castle; Z. appears as a handsome man; does not jump on the first two horses, jumps on white, the princess puts him on his forehead is his seal; the king gives him his daughter, but throws both into the sea in a large iron barrel, she sails to the island; Z., by pike's command, tells the barrel to fall apart, creates a palace and a bridge across the sea; the king invites Z. and his wife without recognizing them; Z. says that he does not have a goblet; the king orders everyone to be searched, promises to execute the one who stole the gold goblet; before that he put the cup Z., but the goblet, pike by command, he finds himself in his own bag; Z. tells the king who he is; and his wife returns to his island, abandoning the proposed half of the kingdom]: Schreck 1887, No. 8:50-63 (=Goldberg 1953:72 -90); Veps: Vlasyev 1941, No. 1 (told in Russian) [out of three brothers, only Ivanushko comes to his father's grave, receives a magic horse; with its help he transforms, jumps three times to the princess in tower, she gives him a ring, recognizes him by his ring among the poor; only I. gets a ram with golden horns, a pig with golden bristles, a golden-maned mare; sells it to his older sons-in-law for his little fingers, for belts with backs; everything opens, the tsar hands over the kingdom to I.]: 7-14; Onegin, Zaitseva 1996, No. 204 [the father, dying, orders his sons to guard his grave for three nights; two older brothers refuse, and the youngest goes to cemetery, does not sleep, eats bread and counts the stars; on the third night, the crosses on the graves began to move, his father's grave opened: "Vanyusha, are you?" - "ME". The father gives a filly lion. Only Ivan the Fool reached the third floor and became the owner of a wedding ring. He soon becomes the king's son-in-law]: 217; Western Sami [the youngest of three brothers is always in ash, so his name is Gudnavirusch; when he dies, his father tells him to guard his grave for three nights; older brothers they think it's a fad and don't go, G. goes; his father gives him a rod first, then two wagons, on the third night another one, all gold (with silver); tells him not to show him; you can call a red horse with a rod; the king put his daughter in the tower; whoever goes there on a wagon and gives the princess a ring will reign; G. does this three times, summoning red, black, white horses {crows and white horses have not been said before}; gives the princess a ring, she gives him her golden cap; the king tells him to shoot whoever did it to find him; calls men, G. limps; wedding]: Kohl-Larsen 1982, No. 6:57-66; oriental Sami (Skolts, Neiden) [the old man has three sons, the youngest is a booby; when he dies, the father tells his sons to guard his grave for three nights; each time only the youngest son comes, consistently receives horses from his father with copper, silver, gold hooves, copper, silver, gold clothes; the king will give his daughter to whoever jumps on horseback to the third floor, where she will stand; on the first day, the younger brother put on copper clothes on horseback with copper hooves, jumped to the first floor, on the second floor in silver to the second, on the third day in gold to the princess, she tied him a silk shawl with her ring in it; the king gathered people, were the last to bring his younger brother, who showed his handkerchief and ring; the king ordered him to be washed, he opened the door in the rock, where his horses were]: Lagercrantz 1961, No. 297:150-156; Norwegians [in At night, someone eats grass in the meadow; the eldest, middle son guards, when they hear a rumble, run home; the youngest sees a horse, a harness, copper armor, catches and hides a horse, and so on; a year later the same thing - silver armor, gold one year later; the king will give his daughter for someone who jumps up a glass hill and takes a golden apple from the princess's hands; three times an unknown rider does this; the king commands Gather all the men to find the owner of the apples; they turn out to be the youngest son, gets a princess and half a kingdom; a wedding; and if they're not done having fun yet, they still do it]: Dasent 1970:92-103 ; Danes [two older brothers are smart, the younger Christian is a fool; someone steals hay; the older, the middle see the monster, run away; K. falls asleep in a haystack; the mountain man took it along with the hay; at the mountain the man is white, bay and black horses; black tells K. to drink from three bottles to increase strength, take a sword, knock on the master's room; he looked out, K. cut off his head, collected treasures; returned home, silent about what happened; the king's daughter on a glass mountain; the king will give her to someone who jumps up there and waves his sword over his head three times; unrecognized K., wearing a white, red, black outfit on white, the red, black horse wins the competition three times, the last time he reaches the top of the mountain; the king tells him to grab the winner, manages to cut his floor with a sword; all this time the father and brothers think that K. herds sheep, he keeps the horses with the old man; having received the princess, K. appears home in all its splendor; the black horse tells him to wave his sword, the mountain turns into a castle, the horse into a prince; he was bewitched by his stepmother- witch; all is well]: Bødker 1964, No. 38:244-255; Swedes [nothing specific is said about the Swedish variants except that they exist; but with a motive throughout the Baltoscandia, probably like Most other traditions have a glass mountain]: Liungman 1961, No. 530:144-147; Finns [Cosquin 1997, referring to comm. M.R. Koehler to the Estonian version of the Creutzwald: In the Finnish version, as in Polish and Russian, the contender for the princess's hand must jump on horseback to the third floor of the palace]: Uther 2004 (1), No. 530 : 308-309.
Volga - Perm. Mordva: Evseviev 1964, No. 42 []: 293-295; Samorodov 1978 [when he dies, the father tells his three sons to take turns spending the night at his grave; each time only the youngest son sleeps, receives two horses from his father and a pig with piglets; the king gives the youngest daughter to the one who will remove the ring from her hand when she is sitting in a high tower; the youngest changes a thin mare for a gray, black horse, jumps above everyone else; in for the third time on a pig, takes off his ring; the young are placed in a bathhouse; the king tells his sons-in-law to get that black horse; the youngest sleeps, then says that the horse is already in the stable; becomes handsome, gets half the kingdom ]: 53-60; Mordovians [Misha and Grisha resigned from service; drove into the inn, it was empty, there was a coffin on the table; lay down on the stove; an old man came out of the coffin at night, but could not reach guests; in another parking lot Misha lay down in an empty coffin on the grave; did not let the witch who had flown into it until she said that she had put the prince and his wife to sleep in the kingdom of far away; gave the bubbles of their blood; his comrades came there and revived those who slept, received an award; three dead people were picked up on the road, Misha buried them, chose vigor and strength as a reward; elsewhere Misha spends the night in the house; at night an old man comes in, hits him with a copper rod; in the morning the girl is grateful, asks to survive two more nights; witchcraft is gone, the princess says that her father wanted to marry her; she refused, he turned the kingdom into forest and water; Misha leaves Princess Grisha, goes further; causes the younger, middle, older brother (these are those dead); each time a horse comes running, makes him a hero; only the older brother's horse is quite heroic; on the balcony of the palace, the princess; the king will give it to whoever picks her up at a gallop, executes those who failed; the princess is upset that she was presented as a soldier; enemies attacked, Misha smashes them in his heroic appearance; visited Grisha, he is also happy with wife]: Samorodov 1972:138-156; Marie (mountain) [the horse tramples on wheat; the elder, middle brothers fall asleep, the younger one catches the horse, he promises to come at his call; the king will pass off his daughter as the one who jumps on horseback to the third floor, where the daughter will sit; the younger brother gets into one ear of the horse every time, gets out into the other, becomes handsome, jumps for the third time, receives a ring, a handkerchief, a note from the king with a promise to marry him; in the morning, the princess looks for a betrothed among the audience; cries when she learns that the beggar has the ring; he, with the help of a horse, turns handsome, marries, reigns]: Aktsorin 1995:62-83; Chuvash [the father tells three sons to come to his grave; only the youngest Kuksha ("bald") comes, receives copper, silver, gold rings; they can summon a black, gray, bay horse; jumps to the princess's tower three times, gets a wife]: Eisin 1993:138-141; Kazan Tatars [when dying, the father tells three sons to guard the grave; the mother will give the keys to three chests to the person who comes; goes the youngest is bald, the dog bit his finger, he told the brothers that Satan bit, they are afraid to go, the youngest gets all three keys, the mare and wheat behind the forest; the three daughters of the padishah in the tower, the padishah will give them to the one who rides them on horseback; in the first chest, instructions to take the horse to the field behind the forest, only he jumps so that the girl can be kissed on the lips, the bald one gets the eldest daughter; the second groom received the middle one (touched his hand), the third the youngest (touched his finger); the padishah will cure milk from a cow about 6 nipples; such a cow is in the bald field, he sells her milk to other sons-in-law for the right to cut off one half finger on the right hand, the other to tear off a piece of skin from his back; the padishah and his wife overheard two sons-in-law moan and a bald man playing the violin; the sons-in-law confess that the bald man was appointed heir]: Yarmukhametov 1970:296-301; Komi [when dying, the father tells his three sons to take turns coming to his grave for three nights; the elders Vasily and Fedor send the youngest named Sedun (always on the stove); he three times receives a horse: bay, gray, golden-maned; hides them; the king has daughter Mary, Vasilisa, Marpida, they have blue, yellow, red scarves; whoever takes a handkerchief from the roof will marry the princess; S. enters his ear the horse, made handsome, jumps incognito three times on horseback, but takes only M.'s handkerchief; the king summons all the men, tells his daughters to marry those who have their scarves; the elders find the overseas queen and prince, M. Seduna; the king puts them in a stable; the king orders them to catch a doe; S. catches, gives them to his older sons-in-law, for this he cuts off the big toe; the same is the golden bristle of the pig, removes the skin from the back with a belt; the mare with 30 foals; the horse tells S. to cover it with skins, pour resin, shower it with needles; the mare hits the horse, but wounds himself against the needles, S. tames her; leads her; calls the king to the bathhouse, shows the leather belts and severed fingers; S. appears handsome; the tsar drives away his older sons-in-law with his wives]: Plesovsky 1975:77-91.
Turkestan. Kazakhs [=Tursunov 1983:206-209; when he dies, the old man tells his three sons to guard his grave for three nights; each time the youngest son guards; a red, black horse comes running (the father gives their hairs), in the third since the father gives a magic tablecloth; the khan puts seven houses on top of each other, puts his daughter in the upper one, passes him off as someone on horseback to remove the ring from her finger; the younger brother in expensive clothes rides the red one, on as a crow, takes off the ring; in its former form he shows it, marries, they put a poor yurt at a distance; the sick khan needs chicken meat; the younger one gets it, the brothers do not recognize him, he gives them what he has obtained in exchange for their little fingers; get two red geese with golden feathers; the same thing takes on the index finger; a mare with forty foals with golden manes, silver tails; the same applies a brand to the brothers; appears in a noble form, denounces brothers, after the death of his father-in-law becomes khan]: Sidelnikov 1952:199-203; Kyrgyz [before his death, the father brought the youngest of three sons to him, he is the most beloved ; gave a dagger, asks not to show it to the elders; the dagger fulfills wishes; after the death of the old man, the older brothers send the younger herd of sheep; the Khan's messenger calls the one, the khan's daughter is going to marry, promises a prize; the brothers go to the one, the youngest goes to herd the sheep, in the evening asks what happened; the eldest: better feed the sheep and make sure that the wolf does not pick them up; the younger one overhears how the elder tells his wife that the youngest does not need to know what happened, otherwise he will leave and there will be no one to herd the sheep; Khan's daughter Erkayym announced that she would marry someone who could climb her tower up a thousand steps on outside the wall; two reached 50 steps, fell off; he tried, only overcame 30, got scared, went down; in the morning the youngest drives the sheep to the pasture, leaves them to rest, pulls out a dagger, asks a horse, catches up with brothers riding bad horses when he asks the dagger for clothes, armor and weapons; all attention is paid to him; he climbs 800 steps, then leaves, people are delighted; in the evening, he brings the sheep home in old clothes; his middle brother talks about an amazing horseman; the next day everything repeats itself, the youngest has overcome all 1000 steps, with the help of a magic dagger to everyone gives him rice, the khan's daughter asks to open her face, the young man refuses, she puts on a ring for him, he leaves; in the evening they say that tomorrow she will be married; they allow the youngest to go: let he will bow to a daring young man there; the khan demands that everyone go in front of his daughter and show their hands; recognizes the young man by the ring, he takes the khan's daughter as his wife, and passes her older sister off as his middle brother]: Kebekova, Tokombaeva 2007:6-7.
Southern Siberia - Mongolia. Tuvans [the old man asks his three sons to guard his body for three nights and then bury him; the body was taken to the pass; both times the older brothers ask the youngest named Heverick to go; old man: by the river Chinge-Kara-Khem is the Saryg-Khaya rock; it will open, there is a yellow horse, clothes and shoes; the same is Khuren-Khaya (bay horse and clothes); Kara-Khaya (black); Kurbustu Khan arranges a competition, will give his daughter to the winner The Golden Princess; H. unrecognized on three horses climbs to the third, fifth, seventh steps of the sky, the ZC gives him his ring; H. in an unpretentious form comes for the ZC, K. settles them away; tells them to get golden deer; golden deer; H. hunts, gives it to his brothers in an unpretentious form for cutting off their thumbs; H. brings the golden deer himself; they do not believe him, he tells his brothers to show fingers; appears in true form; gives brown and black horses to brothers]: Hadahane 1984:42-52; South Altai Tuvans [dying, 99-year-old Jagir Mergen tells three sons three nights alternately come to his grave; each time only the younger Otgek Juman comes; his father gave him three horses of different suits, equipment, and a bow; OD flew to the khan on a white horse and easily overtook the participants in the races; the youngest Khan's daughter quietly marked OD; when OD returned, blew on his horse and property, they disappeared, they came to the brothers dressed in beggar clothes; the next day they were on a bay horse, the third on a raven; then OD won belt archery; the khan's youngest daughter gave him a ring, the khan secretly marked it; when all the men pass by, the khan's youngest daughter chooses OD; the khan did not recognize him in his miserable appearance, sent the young away; older brothers who marry older daughters send Khan the best meat, but it tastes like sewage and urine; the giblets brought by his wife OD are the most tender taste; Khan is ashamed when his younger son-in-law comes to him in his true form; he died and OD took his place]: Taube 1978, No. 29:126-137 (=Taube 1994, No. 19:187-202).
(Wed. The Arctic. Asian Eskimos (Chaplino; explicit Russian borrowing) [reindeer herder Yugnilnuk goes to marry a girl; his late father from the grave helps him complete his marriage trials: jump to reindeer team through the dryer so that the bride hits the applicant with a hammer; all the teams fall, only Yu jumps to the girl; after the tests, everyone sees a bruise on Yu's forehead, Yu gets a girl; all sons-in-law and wives go to their father-in-law, Yu stays at home; father-in-law wants their sons-in-law to get wild dogs; father from the grave says how to do this; two other sons-in-law buy dogs from Yu in exchange for thumbs hands; Yu's wife shows her father these fingers; he recognizes her husband's superiority]: Menovshchikov 1985, No. 93:217-220)