K88. Two travelers (Truth and Krivda), ATU 613.

.11.-.17.22.-.24.26.-.34.37.38. (.52.)

Two people go on a journey or argue what is stronger: true or false (stinginess or generosity, etc.). An evil man leaves a good one, blinding or robbing him, but he regains his health and succeeds. A scoundrel usually dies.

Xhosa, Douala, Swahili, Hausa, Von, Bolanchi, Amhara, Harari, Sakho, Tigre, Sudanese Arabs, Malgashi, Tuaregs, Kabila, Arabs Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Portuguese, Spanish, Catalans, Aragon, Basques, Maltese, Italians (Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio, Campania, Abruzzo), Ladins, Sardinians, Sicilians, Corsicans, French (Lorraine), Bretons, Walloons, British, Scots, Irish , Dutch, Friesians, Flemish, Germans (Hessen, Harz, Schleswig-Holstein, Grimms, Switzerland, Austria), Palestinians, Arabs of Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Yemen, Jibbali, Karen, Thais, Ancient India, Punjabi, Rajastans, Bengalis, Tamils, Sinhales, Sunda, Koreans, Chinese (Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hunan and probably other provinces), Ancient China, Vietnamese Meo, Pumi, Albanians, Bulgarians, Romanians, Gagauz people, Montenegrins, Greeks, Macedonians, Hungarians, Slovenes, Russians (Arkhangelsk, Olonetskaya, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov, Voronezh, Kursk), Ukrainians (Kharkiv), Belarusians, Slovaks, Luzhitans, Poles, Czechs, Kalmyks, Kabardians, Abazins, Balkarians, Ossetians, Avars, Lucks, Didois, Tatas, Megrelians, Georgians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Turks, Kurds, Persians, Tajiks, Mountainous Tajiks, Yagnobs, Yazgulyams, (Ishkashim), Sarykol, Turkmens, Uzbeks, Bukhara Arabs, Lithuanians, Latvians, Livs, Lutsi, Estonians, Finns, Karelians, Veps, Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Eastern Sami (Skolts), Udmurts, Chuvash, Kazan Tatars, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, Yellow Uighurs, Dungans, Altaians, Tuvans, Khalkha Mongols, Dongxians, Nanais, Japanese (Nahua San Luis Potosi, Tricks, Zapotecs).

Bantu-speaking Africa. Douala [the father gives his two sons loaves of bread, tells them to find food for themselves; the elder first offers to eat the youngest's bread, but then gives him his own in exchange for his eyes, throws the blind man; two women give him medicine that restores his sight; he saw the light, and the women sent him to heal now a king who has been blind for 30 years; the king generously rewarded him and married a daughter; the elder The brother is poor and works hard, the youngest returns to his father]: Lederbogen 1903, No. 18:94-98 (retelling in Klipple 1992:216); Swahili [Lila and Fila are wandering, each with seven meals; F. L. offers to eat food first, separates him first by his clothes, then by L.'s eyes, throws him; he hears the birds talking: the tree heals blindness, treasures are buried under it, and the tree on the contrary heals madness; L. puts bark to his eyes, sees the light; gets rich; heals the Sultan's mad daughter; when he sees F., he pulls out his eyes]: Klipple 1992:215-216; braid [(brief retelling, motive is possible ); a young man Gxam went to look for work; two companions dazzled him and took away his food; crows gave him back his sight; he comes to the house of death, Malikophu; M.'s daughter helps G. escape; M. dies, G. marries on his daughter]: Scheub 2000:138.

West Africa. Bolanchi [one of the two travelers gives the other food in exchange for his eyes, throws; he climbs a tree, hears two birds talking, from the east and from the west; learns how to regain his sight and how heal the princess; gets her as a wife; meets the one who abandoned him; he goes to that tree, a bird from the west swallows it]: Klipple 1992:216-217; hausa [going on a journey, the greedy offered Good to eat his supplies first, and when they ran out, he refused to share his own; while sleeping, the greedy man fell asleep, and the good one heard a bird in the tree say that the leaves of this tree would heal the blind man; the good picked up leaves, healed the king's son, he gave the good half of the city]: Olderogge 1969:238-239; background [after the death of the leader, his eldest son blinds and expels the younger one; in the forest under a tree the youngest hears the birds talking; 1) a leaf with four teeth helps to see the light; 2) the baobab leaf creates a pond with drinking water; 3) a cotton leaf cures a snake bite; the young man sees the light, heals a wealthy blind leader, creates a pond in the desert, the leader transfers power to him; his elder brother comes, asks him to be dazzled, goes to the forest; birds notice him, fly away, he dies]: Anpetkova-Sharova 2010:208-212.

Sudan - East Africa. Amhara [on the way The evil brother offers to eat the Good's supplies first, then refuses to share his own; the Good one climbs into the sykomor to sleep, hears the Devil below say that the daughter of the nobleman He will see the light if you rub your eyes with a certain plant; Good heals a girl, marries her, is rich; sends for an Evil Brother, generously gives him; Evil goes to the same sycamore, devils kill him; Good tells find and bury]: Gankin 1979, No. 69:85-86; Harari [Jemal and Mulugeta set off; M. offered to eat J.'s supplies first, then refused to share theirs and demanded in exchange for food J.'s eyes and left J. under the tree; at night the genies flocked and began to talk; the leaves of this tree will heal the blind man; the princess will be cured by the blood of a black dog; a source of water under a tree in the city; J. saw the light, healed the princess, received a reward from the king, indicated which tree should be uprooted; after this blessing, the king married him to the princess; after learning everything, M. went to that tree, the genies killed him]: Reuss-Nliba, Reuss-Nliba 2016:66-70; sakho [younger rich brother and older poor man set off; while the older one was sleeping, the youngest took his food and left; the elder went to seek God to kill; God met him. he asked to prove that God could take heaven and earth; God showed; the man asked to be given the gift to understand all languages; stopped for the night under a tree, heard an eagle and an eagle talking; an eagle thinks that the person is dead or sleeping; the eagle replies no, tells them not to touch them, or he will catch them and take the box of gold; the man grabs the eagle, gets gold; returns to his wife; hears the goat calling the goat sleep with him - like a master and wife; the man laughed, the wife insisted that he tell him why; the man said that then he would die, began to prepare for death; heard the neighbor's dog He talks to his dog, calls the man a fool; the man tells his wife he won't tell anything, and if she wants to leave, please]: Reinisch 1889, No. 3:109-112; tiger: Littmann, Tigr é, no. 15:18-19 in El-Shamy 2004, No. 613:344; Sudanese Arabs: El-Shamy 2004, No. 613:344; Malgashi (Sakalava or Tsimihety) [Mind and Generous meet by chance, they change their names, decide to travel together; S. offers to eat V.'s supplies first, does not share his own, leaves him; V. falls asleep under a tree, honey drips on him; he gives half to God, ancestors, saints places; two bulls butt, he kills one, again gives half to God, etc.; comes to a house where spirits gather; an old woman hides him; each of the spirits talks about medicines and rituals; he heals people , rewarded, the king gives him half the kingdom, then he becomes king himself; S. does not donate anything to anyone; spirits gather, smell meat, S. thinks they want to take away his supplies, shouts that he does not will give, they ate it]: Haring 1982, no. 5.11:425-426.

North Africa. The Tuaregs [Orion is the "guide"; Orion's sword is his genital organ, Rigel is one of his legs, his left and right arms are Betelgeuse and Bellatrix; the Pleiades ("daughters of the night") are Aldebaran's wives and Orion; six women, and the seventh star is a boy from whom Orion took an eye in payment for a portion of Boerhavia spp grain. ]: Bernus, AG-Sidiyene 1989:145; the Arabs of Morocco [two widows named Good Intentions (D.) and Evil Intentions (Z.), leaving their children at home, went on a journey; agreed to divide the food in half. eat D.'s supplies first; when they ran out, Z. refused to share, gave a little in exchange for one eye, then for the other, D. left her blind in the woods; she climbed a tree; hears animals It is said that the leaves of this tree cure blindness; she has seen the light, has taken a stock of leaves with her; heals the blind sultan; he rewards her, she returns home; her children are getting rich; Z. returns like a beggar; Having found out what was going on, he went to the forest, sleeps in a tree; the animals noticed and tore it to pieces]: El Koudia 2003, No. 13:85-89; Kabila: Frobenius 1922a, No. 2 [a sick father tells seven sons to bring their hearts wives - he will eat them and recover; only the youngest refuses, leaves with his wife; going for the fire, he comes to 99 Wuarssen (devas), who cook 99 dead people in the cauldron, offer to remove the cauldron from the fire; the young man picks up and overturns the cauldron, kills the devas, throws him into the hole; brings his wife into the house of the devas, tells him not to enter the same room, goes hunting; the wife comes in, sees that one deva has only been wounded, heals him, agrees with him; a young man comes to the cannibal teriel, puts on her breast, now she is his mother, promises to help; to get rid of the woman's husband, Dev advises that she ask him to bring rejuvenating apples; T.: meat in front of the ox, change straw in front of the dog; there is a black bull nearby, he will throw horns furiously, fly across seven seas, fall on an apple tree, pick apples; an eagle's nest on an apple tree, give the eagle will bring meat back to the chicks; when he returns, the young man gave 4 apples to T. and 4 to his wife; dev to the woman: tell your husband that you are afraid, let him be tied; when he cannot break the fetters, I will get out and kill him; he tears all his fetters; T. young man: you will be killed, ask me to put your bones in a bag, load it on a donkey, he will come, I will revive you; when he returned to his wife, she offered to tie him with her hair, he did not managed to escape, Dev killed him and ate him, but the bones were sent on a donkey; T. folded her bones, covered him with wool and silk, poured milk on his body, she revived it with a rejuvenating apple; allowed him to return home when he could easily lift a bag of salt and a bag of iron; he comes disguised as a beggar, Dev lets him in; offered to tell a fairy tale; while he is telling his story, Dev and wife descend into the ground, he cuts their heads down; kills their deva son; wants to return to his father, T. gives a box (not to open on the way) and a black man; he opens outside the house, there is a beautiful daughter T., she has a ring that creates a palace; father a young man sees his wife, wants her for himself, promises a Jew a reward for killing his son; he takes the young man hunting, feeds salty meat, gives water in exchange for his eyes, brings it to the young man's father; he goes with the soldiers take his wife, but the black man does not let him in, kills everyone; the young man hears the conversation between the old eagle and the chicks; the old one has lost his feathers, asks him to hide; chicks: suddenly our father will treat us like a man with a son, who is under the tree; eagle: let the young man rub his eyes with the leaves of the tree; the young man saw the light, the chicks covered the eagle; the young man came to the old woman, changed his clothes, his father did not recognize him, promised to give him his power as an elder, if he kills a black man alone; a young man agrees with his wife that a black man will be tied to blood, blood will be shed, he will fall; witnesses: this man killed a black man; the father transfers power to his son, not knowing who it is; before This asks the wise men if the father can marry his daughter-in-law; 6 says yes, the seventh, that no; the father tells him to kill, the young man kills him, tells him to kill a Jew and punish 6 wise men]: 11-24; Riviè re 1882, No. 1 [good and evil set off on the road; first they ate the good supplies, but did not share their evil supplies; gave a little in exchange for eyes and left the blind; the bird ordered to rub his eyes with leaves and the blind man saw the light; with these leaves he cured the blind king, and he gave him his daughter; the evil one envied, fed the good with garlic; ordered him to withdraw from the king when he came to kiss him; but he said to the king that His son-in-law despises him, and he believed when he noticed that his son-in-law was not coming close; the king gave a kind letter to the Sultan asking him to execute the applicant; the evil one undertook to carry the letter himself and was burned at the stake]: 35-38; Arabs (?) Algeria: El-Shamy 2004, No. 613:344; Arabs of Tunisia, Egypt: El-Shamy 2004, No. 613:344.

Southern Europe. The Portuguese [two companions (brothers) argue whether it is better to rely on God or on themselves; choose a judge and he decides in favor of the one who relies on himself; or one gives the other food in exchange for eyes; abandoned overhears the conversation of spirits (witches, devils), regains his sight, heals a sick king, extracts water, stops the epidemic, reconciles spouses, helps a woman in labor; gets rich, marries on the princess and becomes king; after learning how it happened, the satellite goes to the same tree or to the same cave and is torn by witches]: Cardigos 2006, No. 613:148-149; Spaniards (Extremadura, Leon) [tailor ( he is short) and the mason (tall) went to look for work; the tailor shared bread with the mason; the next time the mason had bread, but the tailor did not; the stone-man gave him bread for permission tear out his eyes; St. The maiden gave the tailor a flute, playing it, he saw the light; met the rockman and led him through the thorny thickets; when he played the flute, the thickets parted in front of him, and the thorns ripped off the mason's skin]: Camarena, Chevalier 1995, No. 613:646-648; Catalans (Mallorca included) [one says it's better to work in the morning and the other to go to duty first; he loses the argument and loses everything, what he had, goes on a journey, spends the night in a cave; from a conversation between witches or devils, he learns that they poisoned the water in the well, stole yeast, sent illness to the princess, etc.; they also say that how to get rid of these misfortunes; the person does so, is generously rewarded; after learning about this, the one who took his property goes to the cave himself, the witches beat him]: Oriol, Pujol 2008, No. 613:130-131; Aragon [ one of the two travelers agrees to be dazzled in order to beg more successfully; leave the other in the forest; climbs a tree, hears animals talking; learns how to regain sight, get water in a waterless village, cure the princess (there is a toad under her bed); generously rewarded; meets a former companion and tells him about what happened; he climbs the same tree, the animals tore him to pieces; also witches instead animals]: González Sanz 1996, No. 613:89-90; Basques: Kustova 1987 [two mule drivers, Petiri and Sokur, argued that P. lost, gave up his mules; fell asleep under the bridge; heard the witches talking; a sick woman will recover if a stone is raised in front of the church, a piece of bread is taken out of the toad's mouth; 7 years ago that woman threw this piece on the floor; P. heals a woman, receives 7 mules as a reward; S. He goes to spend the night under the bridge, the witches found him, beat him, threw him into the water]: 81-88;? [two young soldiers return from service; decide to dazzle one of them by lot to collect alms; in one city they get food and money, but the sighted refuses to share with the blind, throws him into the forest; he spends the night in a tree; hears a monkey, wolf, bear gathered under the tree talking; a blind man will see the light if he rubs his eyes with the bast of this tree; water will appear in the spring if you cut down in the cemetery walnut; the daughter of the King of Italy will recover if a toad is pulled out from under her bed and burned; a man sees, cuts a nut, heals a princess, marries her; the couple visits France, a man meets there his impoverished companion, tells him everything; he goes to spend the night on the same tree, the animals suspect that they are being eavesdropped, killing the hidden person]:; Italians (Tuscany, Umbria, Lazio, Campania, Abruzzo), Sardinians: Cerise, Serafini 1975, no. 613:141; Sicilians (Ragusa) [two mule drivers set out; one said the devil helps and the other said God; the devil Everything meets in a new guise, each time confirms the opinion of someone who relied on him; the one who relies on God lost all his mules, and then his eyes; climbed into the cave for the night and hid; all the devils have gathered there; the chief asks what good his subordinates have done; one reports how one person blinded himself on his tip; the main feature: only grass that grows in entrance to the cave; another feature: a bone is stuck in the throat of the daughter of the Russian tsar, she will be cured by three drops of the juice of the grapes that grow on her balcony; as the devils left, the man regained his sight; going to Russia and after curing the princess, he received a huge reward; when he found out, the devil went to the same cave; the devils thought they were being overheard, set fire to the bushes and the hidden one burned down]: Calvino 1980, No. 184:659-660; Corsicans: Massignon 1984, No. 5 [Kum Fox and Kum Hedgehog sowed wheat together; only the Hedgehog worked, and the Fox demanded that the harvest be divided; then offered to race: reached the current will be the first to get everything; the Fox went to bed, and the Hedgehog walked all night and hid under the grain measure; the Fox ran, sat down in moderation, bragged; but the Hedgehog got up and knocked down the Fox; the Hedgehog took the grain, and the Fox took the straw; asked for straw; the fox agreed that the Donkey would give him one eye; then the other; drove the Donkey along the bad road, he fell, died; the Crows flew; the Fox asked him for a ride; he was picked up in the air was thrown off, he fell into the garden, with his back on a stick, beans curled along the bark; persuaded the woman to take it off, promising to watch her baby for a year; but when free, he ran away], 43 [two brothers The Good and the Bad (Benfa and Malfa) went on a journey; M. offered to eat B.'s food first, refused to share his own, gave a little in exchange for B.'s eyes; he climbed a tree above the spring for the night; hears animals talking; fox: the daughter of the Spanish king is blind; lion: vision can be restored with the leaves of this tree; in the morning B. rubbed his eyes with leaves and saw the light; cured the Spanish princess and married her, received a crown, arranged a holiday, everyone was given small money; M. also came; King B. ordered him to put gold in his pocket; M. is accused of theft; B. comes to him in prison, says who he is and what happened to him; M. is released, goes to that tree; the animals tore him to pieces, knocking down a tree], 82 []: 10-12, 101-103, 182-184; the Maltese [(many significantly different options); the younger brother bet the elder donkey ( and the cart); the decision in favor of the elder in the dispute is made by the devil encountered as a hunter, or three old men consistently met; the youngest spends the night in a cave, hears the devils talking, or robbers; learns a way to cure a princess or a magic word that reveals a tree hollow in which robbers hide treasures; the hero heals the princess, marries her, or receives gold as a reward; The older brother goes to the same cave; the devils tortured him]: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 613:207-208; frets: Uther 2004 (1), No. 613:353-354.

Western Europe. French: Cosquin 1996, No. 7 (Lorraine) [two old soldiers return home; one suggests that one of them have their eyes gouged out, the other be a guide; the lot is on him; guide He takes all his food for himself, then leaves the blind man in the forest; he sleeps in a tree; he hears the Fox, the Pig, the Wolf, the Roe Deer talking; the water of the neighboring river restores sight and heals the royal daughter; Lyon does not have enough water if you dig near a tree, he will kill a spring; the blind man heals, receives a reward for the discovery of the source, heals the princess, takes her as his wife; sees a beggar, recognizes his friend; he asks to be taken to that a tree; the animals found out that someone had revealed their secret, tore the hid to pieces]: 84-84 (translated to Lopyrev 1959, No. 31:119-122); Michelson 1976 [two soldiers are returning from war; one is blind but cheerful the other is sighted, but gloomy; the second decides to leave the first; a blind man sleeps in a tree, hears a conversation between a wolf, a boar, a hare; a blind man who washes his face in a nearby stream will gain sight; grass grows here, who will cure a Spanish princess; in a village where there is no water, a spring under a pear; the soldier regained his sight, received an award for finding a spring, healed the princess and married her; when he found out, gloomy the soldier went to spend the night at that tree; the boar and the wolf think that it was the hare who told the secrets; when he falls to the ground, he sees a man in the tree; the animals have almost torn him to pieces, the woodcutter saved]: 34-40; Bretons [older brother Koshenar and younger Turken are begging; K. suggests that one of them be dazzled so that alms are better given; makes T. draw lots; K. takes all the food for himself, leaves T. in the forest; he climbs a tree, hears a conversation between Leo, Wolf and Pig; learns that the root of this tree will open a spring in waterless Luxembourg; the bark will restore sight and cure any disease; the Spanish king will give his daughter to the one who will cure her; she is sick because the toad swallowed the wafer after communion; you need to drink toad blood with wine, fry its meat and eat it; T. sees the light, opens the water in Luxembourg, thanks him and give gifts; he finds a toad, heals the princess, she falls in love with him; he secretly goes to Luxembourg, where a golden castle awaits him; marries the poor girl who first sheltered him; finds a beggar K., makes him rich, marries; after learning the story of T., K. climbs the same tree, the animals tore it apart]: Lopyreva 1959, No. 44:193-208; Walloons [the tailor and shoemaker went on a journey together; supplies ended and they decided that whoever pulled out a long straw would dazzle the other; from the conversation of crows, the blinded shoemaker would learn how to regain his sight; let the horse and duck go, they promise to help; the kingdom has been attacked by enemies, a fiery horse smashes them; the king orders the tailor to be buried in the neck and smeared with honey; the bees ate his eyes]: Laport 1932, no.*613A: 69; Germans (Hessen) [shoemaker Peter rich, tailor Hans is poor; P. persuaded G. to go wandering and be like brothers; money is melting; P. offers to eat twice a day, then only once, then not eat at all; gives exhausted G. two pieces in exchange for eyes and leaves; G. climbed a tree; hears a conversation between a bear, a wolf and a fox; bear: there is no water in London, and there is a stone in the market square; there is a spring under it; wolf: the princess is 7 years old ill, because the time of confirmation, the gold she threw fell past the offering box; the king will give it to whoever cures her; fox: the dew on the leaves of this tree will cure blindness; in the morning G. regained his sight; then received a lot of money when I discovered a water source; found the lost gold in the church and told the princess to throw it in the box; she recovered immediately; P. found out about it, went to that tree and climbed a branch; animals find out which of them solved the secret; they thought that the wolf began to hang him, but he noticed a man in a tree; the man was torn and eaten]: Wolf 1845, No. 4:21-30; the Germans (Harz) [two brothers separated inheritance, but then we agreed that whoever is right will get everything; younger: there is gratitude in the world; older: there is only ingratitude; the youngest protects the girl from the groom who beats her - both begin to beat him; separates two fighting coal burners - the same; beats off the snake from the bear - which began to strangle him; his older brother saves him each time, and then blinds him and goes to take away all the inheritance; at night, a blind man climbed a tree; a lion, a bear and a fox came; a bear will fall dew in the morning that restores sight; lion: a rich man fell ill in the city due to his wife's fault; a crust of bread lies behind the closet; it must be cooked and let him eat, he will recover; fox: the king's well has dried up; there is a toad sitting there; it must be killed, the water will flow from the spring again; in the morning the man washed his eyes, collected precious moisture, and cured him in the city many blind people and they gave him a gift; he cured the rich man; he took a dagger from the king and went down to the well; there the toad spit fire, but he pierced it with a dagger; the king handed him a crown; he took refuge for poor wandering; one day an older brother was among them; he went to that tree; the bear hit the fox, believing that it was she who had revealed the secrets; but the fox fell and saw him hide in the tree; the lion with It was torn apart by a bear]: Pröle 1854, No. 1:1-8; the Germans (Switzerland, Valais canton) [the shoemaker and tailor set off; the shoemaker was angry that he had to share bread with the tailor; when the bread ran out, gouged out the tailor's eyes and left; he stayed under the tree; heard the birds talking: if a blind man rubs his eyes with dew today, he will see the light; in the morning the tailor did so, saw the light; he was hungry; wanted get honey, but the queen bee asked the bees not to disturb: they would reward the tailor handsomely; he wanted to slaughter the grazing horse to eat horse meat, but the horse also asks to keep him alive; the gatekeeper in the castle gave bread, and the owner agreed to hire a tailor; a shoemaker also came there and spoke ill of the tailor; the master agrees to leave him only if he runs around a long wall three times in half an hour, surrounding the castle and will turn an ordinary well into a spring; here is a horse; the tailor instantly galloped around the castle, and when he jumped to the well, water clogged out of it; (the narrator did not remember further; second He completed the tailor's task with the help of bees; stayed in the castle, and the shoemaker was expelled]: Jegerlehner 1913, No. 145:124-127; British, Scots, Irish, Germans (Schleswig-Holstein, Grimms, Austria), Dutch, Friesians, Flemish: Uther 2004 (1), No. 613:353-354.

Western Asia. Syrian Arabs: Bushnaq 1987 [Abu-Sharr ("father of evil") and Abu-Kheit ("father of good") worked in a bakery, but decided they would earn more money working in the field; on the way, ASH offered to eat first AH's supplies, and then refused to share his supplies and parted with his comrades; he reached the garden where fig trees grew, ate fruit and lay under a tree; three doves flew in and began talking; a blind shoemaker does not know that where three pots of gold are buried; the people of Damascus pay dearly for water, but if you dig at the gate, they will clog a spring; the sultan cuts the heads of doctors who cannot cure his daughter, but she will recover if she eats the meat of his hunting dog; AH asked the shoemaker to let him spend the night in his shop, dug up gold; the last pot says: only the damned son of the cursed father would get rich at the expense of the poor man; so AH took only a few gold and left the rest; in the morning he gave the shoemaker gold, told him to buy food, ate, and left the rest to him; the shoemaker's wife danced with happiness; then AH gave the shoemaker all three pots; he wanted to divide them in half, but AH took only as much as he needed to go to Damascus; asked the Sultan for diggers, they began to dig at the gate, the water poured out; the sultan He was ready to make AH rich, but he took only as much as he needed on the road to the country where the blind princess; there are the heads of loser doctors on the city wall; they killed the dog, the princess was healed; AH received the princess and asked the king to set up a bakery where everyone could eat bread for free; meanwhile ASH ate all the money he earned and begged; he was sent to that bakery; ASH and AH got to know each other and ASH asked him to be taken to the garden where the fig trees were; during this time that fig tree had dried up, the deep stream had almost dried up, and the three Afrites realized that someone had overheard them; ASH: Of course it was the Father of Good; the Afrites : What is your name? - The father is evil. Afrites: let each one by his name; they tore up ASH and threw his remains into the well]: 129-132; Kuhr 1993 [Good and Evil met on the road and went together; Good shared his supplies, and when they ended, Evil agreed to share food only in exchange for the Good Man's eyes, left him alone under the tree; two birds flew there, one of them also blind; the other said that the leaves of this tree were being returned eyesight; the good man saw the light and left, picking up leaves with him; became an eye healer, but took only cakes as payment; healed the princess, married her, reigned after the death of his father-in-law; ordered that in the monastery, where everyone they came in, asked for the names of those who came; this is how he found the Evil One; told him that he would cut off his head, but then forgave him]: 229-233; Iraqi Arabs: Stevens 2006, No. 46 [two half-brothers go looking happiness, they agree to share bread; the stingy refuses to give the generous one, they disperse; the generous spends the night in a cave, hears two lions talking; in a rat hole - a piece of gold, gold can be bought black the dog, with her blood to expel gin from the daughter of the Sultan; the generous heals and receives the girl and the kingdom; the stingy begs, the new sultan notices him, does not punish him, talks about what happened to him, he spends the night in the cave, the lions tore it apart]: 267-274; Yaremenko 1990, No. 35 [on the way, the Greedy eats Generous's supplies, refuses to share his own, the companions parted; after overhearing the conversation between Lisa, Wolf and Tiger, Generous found out that the bag with the money of the shepherd killed by the Tiger remains by the stone above the underground stream; the Generous brings Bedouins there looking for water to wash the body of the deceased sheikh; he himself is elected sheikh; once brought Greedy, Generous told him everything; he went to the cave of animals, they went out and tore it apart]: 176-177; Palestinians, Arabs of Jordan, Yemen: El-Shamy 2004, No. 613:344; jibbali [two travelers found gold; one asked the other to climb into the well for water; left it in the well, carrying gold; that man hid, overheard the two demonesses talking; one says he will move in into a princess, and you can only expel her by fumigating donkey manure; another says that you can get a gold treasure if you slaughter a brown cow and burn the dog's skin; when leaving, the demons forgot the pole on which they went down into the well, the man got out of it; cured the princess and married her, took out the treasures; the man who left him in the well found out everything, ordered him to be left, the demons ate him]: Müller 1907, No. 15:59-63.

Burma - Indochina. Karen [rich Phatakain ("scoundrel") envies poor Phatalun ("good man") for loving him; invites him to go on a ship to buy goods; gives him food and drink in exchange for his eyes; left on a deserted island; the master of the sea sends three servants in the form of dogs, whose names are the three truths of Buddhism; the dying man whispers these words, the nats think he knows their names, accepts the human appearance, P. is healed, taken home by giving pumpkin seeds; pumpkins grow, containing gold and silver; Phatakain tries to repeat everything, tells the servant to pull out his eyes; chases, scolds dogs, dies in agony; Phatalun comes to the island, finds the bones and skull of Phatakain, the skull asks him to be taken away, to tell the king that he, Phatalun, has a talking skull; the king's skull is silent, Phataluna is imprisoned; Phatalun's wife hits the skull with a stick, he screams, the king rewards Phatalun; the skull is thrown away, sails to the old man and the old woman; lies to the old woman that the old man is not loyal to her; the old man breaks it, a tree grows with fruits are like a skull]: Kasevich, Osipov 1976, No. 172:461-467; Thais [Lee is cunning, Suun is simple but honest; L. persuades S. to go trade, they lose everything; L. gives S. rice in exchange for eyes, leaves a tiger on an island in front of the cave; S., S. sneezes with the tip of his nose and says "Buddha, dharma, sangha"; the tiger reports this to the hermit, whose guardian he is, who gives S. his sight back and gives a boat with rice and goods for sale; S. meets L. and on the way back leaves him dazzled in front of the same cave; the tiger tickles him, but L. only grabs him by the tail; the tiger ate L., only the skull remains; when S. sails again, the skull offers him to take and bet; no one will believe that the skull says any bet can be won; S. bets, but the skull is silent and S. is left without a boat; furious he breaks the skull into small pieces; they have become shells that are used as gambling chips]: Coyaud 2009, No. 31:187-193.

South Asia. Ancient India [the earliest recording of the plot is the Chinese translation of Tripitaka 710 AD; the plot is related to the southern version of Panchatantra]: Liungman 196:183; Punjabi (Seraiks, Multan) [ The Good and the Evil walked together, stopped eating; ate the Good One's food, and Evil agreed to share water only in exchange for the Good's eyes; he pushed the blind man into a dry well and left; he hears him riding a banyan snake, swan and Deh talk; Swan: my litter brings back sight; Snake: I hid treasures in the cave, you can only get them by lifting the lid with a branch of this banyan; Deh: I cast a shadow on the princess she fell ill, she will be cured by bathing in the infusion of the leaves of this banyan; the Good man cured his eyes, cured the princess, got her as his wife; Evil came, out of envy accused the Good of being that sudra; Good brought Snake's treasures: how can a sudra have so much money? Evil climbed into the well himself; Snake, Swan and Deh found and killed him]: Mehta 2011:189-192; Rajastans (Mulvey dialect) [two travelers, one called Good, the other Evil; Evil pushed Good into spring; he fell on a pipal tree; at night he hears the conversation of spirits; the princess will recover if she is sprayed with water from this spring; treasures are buried at the spring; the merchants pulled out the good; he cured the princess, received the throne, took out treasures]: Grierson 1908:262; Bengalis [prince travels with his son Kotvala (fortress chief), who leaves him in the well; the prince hears two bhuts (spirits) talking about why the princess is sick and how she can be cured, and where gold is hidden and how to get it; the prince heals the princess, marries her, gets gold; when he finds out, the son of the cauldron climbs into the well and killed by bhutami]: Clouston 1887 (1): 256-258; Tamils [prince Subuddki is noble, believes in generosity; Minister Durbuddhi's son is mean, believes it is bad to be generous; but they are friends; lost hunting; horses brought them to the pond; D. reiterates that there should be no generosity; S. is indignant; then D. gouged out his eyes and left one; S. went to the temple of Kali, locked the door behind him and let Kali in for his promise restore his sight; then he would remain a minister in the temple; and so happened; at home, seeing his son alone, the father-minister told him not to appear until he brought S.; Kali sent S. to cure the princess, who she blinded to punish her father; let S. reign; and so happened; once S. saw a beggar, it was D., S. forgave everything and brought him closer to him; D. told the father-in-law that S. was not really a son rani, and the daughter of a barber, with whom his father met; the king father-in-law sent a servant to kill his daughter and son-in-law; but S. remembered that D. once agreed to lend him a wife if he married; S. agreed to D . stayed overnight with his wife; his wife told his mother, who ordered that night not a princess, but a relative (foster sister) to be in the prince's room; at midnight, the servant hacked both; it was all clear everyone is happy]: Natesa Sastri 1884-1888, No. 5:63-83; Singals {apparently different retelling of the same text}: Volkhonsky, Solntseva 1985, No. 94 [High suggests eating his supplies first; when they end, Low refuses to share his own; gives food for permission to pull out High's eyes; throws him tied under a tree; rakshasa trees say his juice is treated by eyes that eat leaves He will be full, the one who eats the fruit will become king; the High One sees the light, he is chosen king instead of the deceased king; the Low one tells his wife to blind him, throw him under a tree; dies]: 227-230; Clouston 1887 (1) [two peasants go to seek happiness; one offers to spend his companion's money first, then his own; refuses to give his money; gives the companion food in exchange for his eyes; the rakshasas on the tree say that his the eyes are treated with juice, the one who eats the leaves will be full, the one who eats the fruit will become king; the peasant sees the light; an elephant approaches him, kneels as a sign of his choice for the kingdom; the companion marries his daughter in the same city the vizier becomes a vizier; asks the king if blindness can be cured; he tells his story; the vizier tells his wife to do to him as he once did to his friend; let the wife wait 7 days the shepherd, becoming king, he will take her away; the shepherd goes to the tree, finds the vizier's gnawed bones; drives his wife away]: 464-465.

Malaysia-Indonesia. Sunda [Ki Satu and Ki Dua go to the Room to study theology; CD lures money from the COP, gives bread in exchange for their eyes, lowers them into the well; hearing dwarfs talk, the COP learns that blind people are treated with leaves of the Singavereng tree, that after killing a black dog, you find out where the treasures are buried; the peasant pulls the CS upstairs, leads him to the tree, he sees the light, restores the princess's sight with the same leaves, marries her, pulls out treasures, takes care of an impoverished CD; he climbs into a well, dwarfs say someone overheard their conversation, kills CD]: Braginsky 1972:57-61.

China - Korea. Chinese: Eberhard 1937, No. 28 (most in Zhejiang and slightly less so in Jiangsu; also Hunan, Shaanxi, Guangdong; probably all over China) [one of the two friends or brothers leaves the other; climbing a tree or temple, he hears animals talking (how to cure a girl, find treasures, etc.)]: 40-43; Ting 1978, No. 613 [a lot of records; reference to Chinese versions also in Ikeda 1971 : 158]; Ancient China [since 4th century AD]: Eberhard 1937:43; Koreans [father in exile; stepmother lies to stepson that he is sick, will recover if he eats a person's eyes; the boy gives one first, then his second eye; his stepmother throws him into the river; he plays the flute in the bamboo grove; the ruler heard, took pity, brought his father back from exile; the father found his eyes in the sewing box, returned son; stepmother has become good]: Choi 1979, No. 453:195-196; meo (Vietnam): Nikulin 1970 [the older brother hears the ghosts answer that an evil and vicious heart is dearer to them; pulls out the younger's eyes to take it away share of the inheritance; the youngest wanders in the forest, climbs a tree, hears animals talking; a tiger, a boar, a bear talk about buried treasures, a monkey talks about the fruits of the tree under which they sit, return the fruits eyesight; the young man smears his eyes with juice, sees the light, digs up treasures; the elder brother asks his younger brother to blind him, he refuses; the elder still climbs the tree, the animals have torn him to pieces]: 285-288; 1990 [ Shin's bad older brother wants to take the wife of the virtuous younger Pao; gives him fairy tales, if he does not answer, he must give his wife; P.'s wife offers her own in response to Shinya's tales; Sh. leads P. into the forest; promises that if he lets himself be blinded, he will be able to go see his dead parents; blind P. spends the night in a hut where they leave offerings to spirits; Tiger, Bear talk about the hidden treasures; Pig - about a spring unknown to people; Fox - about a source that restores vision; P. regains his sight, becomes rich, irrigates his field; impoverished S. dazzles himself, goes to spend the night in hut, animals ate it]: 193-202; Pumi [an ordinary man and a deceiver caught a musk deer together; spent the night in a cave; the deceiver invited the companion to lie down at the exit - it will be hot from the fire, you will move; at night he moves the fire closer to the companion, he crawls farther and farther, falls off the cliff to a fork in the tree, hears the animals talking to the tiger; wolf: the elder's wife is sick; you must clean dragon well, burn a smoking dragon; leopard: in a waterless village, a spring under a large stone; muntzhak deer: a tree fell by the road with treasures in it; a man explains how to cure a woman, how get water, gets a reward both times; pulls treasures out of a tree trunk; tells the deceiver about everything; he rolls down a cliff, finds himself in a tree; animals report to the tiger that secrets have been overheard ; tiger finds a deceiver and eats]: Miller 1994:228-230.

The Balkans. Albanians [on the way The Miser brother agrees with the Generous to eat his bread first; gives his own in exchange for the Generous's eyes, leaves him; at night he hears the devils talking, finds out that the leaves of the tree and the water of the spring regains sight; the generous regains his sight to himself and the rich man in the city, receives a tavern by the road as a reward, the Miser Brother comes there; after learning the story of the Generous, he sleeps under a tree, his devils noticed and killed]: Serkova 1989:42-45; Montenegrins [the king is dead, there are two sons left; the evil argues with the good that crooked is stronger than the truth; they decide to ask the people they meet, the loser must give 100 Tsekhinov; the devil takes the form of a monk, says that crooked is stronger; so several times; the good brother lost all the gold, the horse, both eyes; the evil one gouged them out to him; left them by the pond; at night he hears pitchforks they come to swim, one says that this water can heal blind and injured people, including a leper princess; the young man sees the light, heals the princess, marries her; the evil brother went to listen to the pitchfork's conversation, those are his tore]: Karadzich 1856 in Golenishchev-Kutuzov 1991:154-155 (=Dmitriev, Volkonsky 1956:76-78, =Arkhipova 1962:167-168, =Eschker 1992, No. 7:50-53); Bulgarians [two brothers (twin brothers) are arguing whether there are any good is true or wrong; they decide to ask the first person they meet who loses will take out the other's eyes; the devil meets in the form of a priest, an old man, etc., says that the truth is worth nothing in the next world; a crooked brother takes out his brother's eyes, robs him; or one brother gives another food in exchange for his eyes; or a person is robbed and blinded by his companion (sister); at a spring, lake, etc. blind overhears the conversation of devils, animals or birds; learns secrets from it; 1) the water of the source restores vision, the blind sees the light; 2) heals the princess, marries her; 3) gets a treasure; 4) repairs the water mill; 5) brings water to a city suffering from water; 6) helps to complete the bridge that had previously collapsed; meets his brother (sister), tells him everything; he goes to the meeting point devils or animals, they find and kill him]: Daskalova-Perkovska et al. 1994, No. 613:223; Gagauz people [two brothers went to town; the elder gave the youngest bread only after he had pulled out his eye; then the second; the elder brother left, a man came up to the youngest and told him to go where the noise was; he came to the spring, washed his eyes and saw the light; climbed a tree, devils gathered under it; the elder asked others; one: I made a man tear his eyes out for two pieces of bread; second: the king has been building a bridge for 40 years, and he plunges him into the ground every night; the elder devil: the king could take water from this spring and leaves from the tree, put on the edge of the bridge, the bridge will rise; and if it does not, it will slaughter the workers tomorrow; third feature: he covered the king's daughter with wounds, she will die tomorrow; these leaves and water would cure her; in the morning the boy brought water and leaves to the king, cured the princess, restored the bridge, received the princess and half the kingdom; the elder brother was surprised]: Moshkov 1904, No. 49:85-86; the Greeks [two neighbors are returning from work; the lazy asks the diligent to lend him money; suggests asking three people he meets if God rewards virtue; each answers no; the lazy wins the argument, keeps the borrowed money for himself; then dazzles the companion, takes the rest, throws him into the abyss; the blind climbs onto a pear; hears the demons talking; one blinded the princess; the other collapses the walls of the monastery, must be put under the corners four white and black lambs; the third tells how one neighbor blinded another; next to a pear there is a hole of water that restores sight; a blind person heals himself, tells monks to slaughter lambs, heals princess; the king appoints him as manager; he gathers people in the church, thanks the one who blinded him; he asks to do the same to him, hides on a pear; demons notice him, tear him apart]: Megas 1970, No. 40:127-133; Hungarians [{there is no gender category in Finno-Ugric languages, so characters may be male}; Truth and Lies met on the road, it turned out they were on the way; Lies offered to share the reserves of Truth first; and when they ran out and the Truth offered to share the reserves of Lies, she gave her food only in exchange for her eyes; left the blind woman in the place where the two gallows stood; The truth was awakened by the conversation of devils; the blind will be cured by the dew that fell today; for the water to return, it is necessary to pull out the buried stone that blocks the spring; The truth has regained their sight, returned the water, for which was richly rewarded; and Lies became impoverished, received food in exchange for eyes and hands; stayed under those gallows; devils tore it to pieces]: Jones, Kropf 1889:36-39; Hungarians [father sent three sons to get to know the world; they agreed to eat the youngest's supplies first, then the middle one; after eating the youngest's supplies, they blinded him and abandoned him; he rolled into a swamp whose mud turned out to be magical: it revived the dead and made the cripple healthy; took a supply of dirt with him; revived a mouse, a bee, a wolf; everyone blew a whistle to call for help; the young man was hired by the same king as his brothers; they want to lime him; it is said that the youngest boasted that he could remove all the bread from the fields overnight (the mice collected); he could build a wax bridge from the palace to the bazaar overnight (the bees had built it); deliver 12 wolves by morning; the wolf brought everyone the wolves of the kingdom; the guy rode the wolf king, and the wolves gnawed at everyone they saw; the king wanted to pay off, but the wolves tore everyone apart, leaving only the princess; the guy still lives with her, if not died]: Stier 1950:65-70; Macedonians, Slovenes, Romanians: Uther 2004 (1), No. 613:353-354.

Central Europe. Russians (Arkhangelsk, Olonetskaya, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov, Voronezh, Kursk), Ukrainians, Belarusians [Pravda and Krivda: two people argue about life; a supporter of Krivda gouges out his eye to a truth-lover; a blind man, after overhearing the devils's conversation, learns how to regain sight and heal the princess; sees the light, marries the princess; his opponent, devils who also tried to overhear the conversation are torn apart]: SUS 1979, No. 613:167; Russians (Olonetskaya) [rich and poor brother built two boats together; argued whether they themselves are strikers or God helped; they ask the people they meet; rich people, the master answer; the rich brother takes all the money for himself; the poor sat under the bush next to the boats, and there are two demons under the boats; one says that he took it every time a new look and replied that they were strikers; second: when a rich brother brought home a purse with money, I snatched it out and hid it under a vat of flour; the poor man came to his rich brother, took out the money and they divided it equally]: Onchukov 2018, No. 83:303-304; Russians (Pskov) [one guy says there is truth, the other says it is not; they went to their grandmother, she gave food only to someone who did not believe in the truth; the other asks give him; a friend gives him only after he has allowed him to dig out his eyes; he climbed an oak tree; three come up: if you walk three steps, there will be a bottle that helps the blind; and then the second with the medicine, who will cure the royal daughter; the guy found bubbles, saw the light, cured the princess, the king rewarded him; having learned about this, a supporter of untruth climbed into the same oak tree for the night; those who came argue: who saved the Tsareva's daughter ? they probably eavesdropped on us; they found the one who hid and gouged out his eyes]: Ploshchuk 2004, No. 40:124-125; Russians (Ryazanskaya) [two brothers are millers, one grinds - takes dearly, the other is cheap; the rich is jealous ; calls the poor to the forest to look for a shaft for the mill; the poor did not take bread, he was hungry; the poor brother asks the rich to give him bread; rich: give me an eye, I'll give you an eye; poor: if there is nothing to do; rich eye to him pricked out, gave bread; walked through the forest; crooked wanted to eat again - the same; the rich left; night came, the blind man climbed a pine tree; three okayashki come, talk; one: who is blind, get up to the light, anoint it with dew eyes will see the light; second: they make a mill in one place, they dig a pond, there is no water; if you dig up the bush, there will be a lot of water; third: the king's daughter is sick, you need to catch the frog, fry it, let it eat, healthy it will be; the okayashki are gone; the peasant got off the pine tree, anointed his eyes three times with dew - saw the light; went where the mill was being made, ordered to dig up the bush, there was a lot of water; the contractor gave money; the peasant went to the king: can cure the princess; the princess ate the frog, became healthy, the peasant was given gold and silver, he returned home, sent his son to his brother for a measure; the money was measured, two nickels stuck; the elder brother realized that the brother he measured the money, the youngest told everything; the eldest asks him to poke out his eyes and take him to the forest; the blind elder brother sat down on a pine tree; three okayashki came and said: one man saw the light, the mill was grinding, the royal daughter recovered, someone overheard if anyone was there now; looked, saw his older brother and tore him apart]: Khudyakov 1964, No. 7:74-75; Russians (Voronezh) [Two brothers, rich and poor, argue, how easy it is to live, crooked or true. The poor are on the side of the truth, the rich are crooked. They cannot agree and decide to ask an outsider if he admits the strength behind the crooked - the rich will prick out his eyes, if the truth is poor. Brothers meet Satan, he chooses crooked. A dazzled poor man gets lost in the forest and falls asleep under an aspen where devils gather. He hears the hell bragging about having a fight between two brothers and tells us how to heal one of them: anoint it with liquid from a vial buried 15 steps under a stone. The poor man also learns about the kingdom in which water has gone, how to return it, how to heal a princess whose hell took the "zhovka" (chewed but not swallowed food) from her mouth, how to drive the devils out of the royal palace. The poor man regains his sight, in the kingdom where water has disappeared, he returns it, collects a prayer service from the "well", secretly adds water to the well from a special jug, heals the princess, returning her buried with a devil (dissolves in water), frees the royal palace from devils (he digs up the skin of a dead horse in the stable, waves it at the walls of the palace and the unclean spirit disappears). In every kingdom, a poor man is rewarded, and three years later he returns to his wife as a rich man. The ruined rich brother is jealous of him, his wife gouges out his eyes and takes him to the aspen, whose poor brother has fallen asleep. At midnight, devils gather, notice the eavesdropping person and "tear to pieces"]: Baryshnikova 2007, No. 10:76-80; Russians (Chistopol district of Tatarstan) [man, merchant, pop everyone answers Krivodushny ( K.) and the Truthful (P.) that it is better to live crooked; K. gives P. bread, pulling out one eye then the second eye for it; throws it; God directs P. to the key, the water of which restores vision; tells the oak to eavesdrop a conversation of spirits; one demon says that he will be expelled from the princess by someone who gets the image of the Smolensk Mother of God from the merchant; P. has been working for two years, getting an image, casting out a demon, marrying a princess; visits K., tells his story; he climbs an oak tree, its perfume smelled it, tore it]: Afanasiev 1958 (2), No. 115:195; Ukrainians (Kharkiv) [Rich brother agrees to give bread to the poor only if he will let him prick out his eyes, the poor man agrees. A rich brother cuts off the poor's ears, arms, legs, gouges out his eyes, the poor man rolls and falls into a fox hole. At night, he hears Yuri (it is not clear who it is), who ran to hunt for foxes, predicts that any patient, including the royal daughter, will recover in the morning dew, calls the stone under which water flows (in a kingdom where there is no water). The poor man rolls through the dew in the morning, becomes the same, heals the princess, tells people what stone the water flows under. He is generously rewarded, he becomes richer than his brother, who asks him for bread, asks him to gouge out his eyes, cut off his ears, legs and arms, the former poor man gives bread for free, but his brother insists, asks to take him to that same fox hole. My brother fulfills the request. Cripple, a former rich brother, hears Yuri angry that he was overheard, "bald dog" points to a cripple, animals tear him apart]: Grinchenko 1895, No. 163:177-179; (cf. Russians (Voronezhskaya) [Two brothers, rich and poor, argue about how it is easier to live, crooked or true. The poor are on the side of the truth, the rich are crooked. They cannot agree and decide to ask an outsider if he admits the strength behind the crooked - the rich will prick out his eyes, if the truth is poor. Brothers meet Satan, he chooses crooked. A dazzled poor man gets lost in the forest and falls asleep under an aspen where devils gather. He hears the hell bragging about having a fight between two brothers and tells us how to heal one of them: anoint it with liquid from a vial buried 15 steps under a stone. The poor man also learns about the kingdom in which water has gone, how to return it, how to heal a princess whose hell took the "zhovka" (chewed but not swallowed food) from her mouth, how to drive the devils out of the royal palace. The poor man regains his sight, in the kingdom where water has disappeared, he returns it, collects a prayer service from the "well", secretly adds water to the well from a special jug, heals the princess, returning her buried with a devil (dissolves in water), frees the royal palace from devils (he digs up the skin of a dead horse in the stable, waves it at the walls of the palace and the unclean spirit disappears). In every kingdom, a poor man is rewarded, and three years later he returns to his wife as a rich man. The ruined rich brother is jealous of him, his wife gouges out his eyes and takes him to the aspen, whose poor brother has fallen asleep. At midnight, devils gather, notice the eavesdropping person and "tear to pieces"]: Baryshnikova 2007, No. 10:76-80; the Czechs [the good brother inherited the house from his father, and the evil one inherited the whole household; the good one complained the court was refused; but repeated that there is justice in the world; came to an evil man to ask for bread; he ordered him to poke out his eyes; if you see the light, then there is justice; left him under the pillar of justice {?} ; two crows flew in at night; one: and one city has no water, we must open a spring in the rock; second: 10 steps to the right there is a spring from the water of which even blind people from birth can see through; the poor man found the spring, washed his eyes, saw the light; went to that city, opened the water; the king rewarded him, gave him a horse; he tells everything to the rich brother; he stays overnight at the pole; one raven to another: be silent, we were eavesdropped ; crows found a man, scratched their eyes, tore them apart in the field]: Němcová 1990:218-220; Belarusians [two travelers, Krivda stole, Really asked for bread; the people who met answer that they were crooked live better; Truth has run out of food, Krivda gave bread, took out his eyes for this; The truth spent the night in the hollow of an oak tree; hears the conversation of snakes; one torments the queen; we must take an icon from the merchant, put it in the water, let the Queen will drink it, recover; True, he served for the icon for three years; healed the Queen; got her as his wife, brought her to him; Krivda went to spend the night with that oak tree; snakes killed him]: Romanov 1887, No. 72:322-323; Poles [two companions (brothers) argue which is better: right or wrong; a supporter of truth loses and is blinded; or a hungry poor man receives bread from a rich man (brother) in exchange for his eyes ; a blind person overhears the conversation of spirits (animals, birds) and learns how to regain his sight, cure the queen (you must kill the toad that swallowed the wafer), get water in a waterless place, revive a dried one a tree, etc.; marries a queen; upon learning about this, a supporter of Krivda goes to the same place and kill him with spirits (animals)]: Krzyżanowski 1962, No. 613:197-198; Luzhitsy (Upper Lusatia) [young forester argued with a stranger whether money could turn lawlessness into law; three sworn attorneys answered that it was possible; the stranger burned his eyes, left him on the road to the gallows; night came, the road is over, the forester heard three spirits talking; one says that he has deprived the city's residents of water; for the spring to clog again, the toad on it must be removed; the princess will recover if the silver one is removed a carnation hammered over her bed; a person whose eyes have been burned can regain his sight by moistening her eye sockets with water from a spring near the gallows; in the morning, a forester asked about the source, an old woman brought him to him, he saw the light; he found and removed a toad in the city, the water flowed, the forester was rewarded; pretending to be a healer, the forester began to give the princess medicine, and quietly took out the carnations; the forester found a stranger, told him everything and married a princess; the stranger went to the gallows at night, his spirits tore him apart and hung pieces on the three corners of the gallows]: Lifshits-Artemyeva 2017:172-176; Slovaks: Uther 2004 (1), No. 613:353-354.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Kabardian residents [Dobryak and Miser went to work; Dobryak ran out of water; Miser let him drink twice, for which he gouged out one eye first, then the other; along the Dobryak River he came to a ruined mill; heard a bear, a wolf, a fox talking; an apple tree leaf near the mill will heal all diseases, and if anyone finds out and picks it off, the apple tree will dry up; the shepherd is blind in one eye and the wolf creeps up on the herd on the side where the shepherd does not see; in this herd there is a ram with a big fat tail; if the prince's sick daughter is fed meat and bathed in broth, she will recover; there is a pile of golden sand in the forest, a fox in it He was swimming; the good man saw the light, said the prince. About the ram, the daughter recovered, the prince gave an arba of supplies for the winter; on the way home, Dobryak took the fox gold; told the Miser about everything; he came to spend the night at the mill; the animals talked about their troubles, found and ate the Miser]: Kardanov 196:78-84; Abazins [Myta goes to hire a laborer, takes Kyt as his companion; gives him his horse, and he rode it off; M. spent the night in a hut, hears animals talking; bear: the decoction of herbs growing around the lake is healing; wolf: I quietly steal sheep, only a cropler's dog can catch up with me; tiger: and I steal foals, only a stallion who is held on a leash can catch up with me; M. taught shepherds and herdsmen how to defend themselves against a wolf and a tiger, cured a paralyzed princess, married her along with an award; after learning about this, K. went to spend the night in a hut; the pheasant shouted to the wolf and the tiger that the culprit for their misfortunes was in a hut, the animals tore him apart]: Tugov 1985, No. 56:170-172; Balkarians: Kapiyeva 1991 [one brother Lamart ( "cruel"), the other is Chumart ("kind-hearted"); on the way, L. offers to eat C.'s cake and cheese first, and tomorrow it; at night he leaves, leaving C. without provisions; he spends the night in an old mill, hears animal conversation; Fox: there is a tree by the river, its leaves cure blindness; Wolf: sheep broth from a half-blind shepherd can cure a royal daughter; Bear: in a waterless village, you have to move a stone, kill source; C. heals the shepherd's eyes, gets a sheep, opens a spring, heals the princess, gets gold, silver, horses, returns home; C. sleeps in the same mill, animals find him, bite him, he barely saved]: 109-114 (=Baranov 1897, No. 8:38-41); Malkonduev 2017:611-613 [the poor and the rich man stole a herd; the poor man killed a giant by hitting his only eye with an arrow; went away to collect firewood; at this time the rich man took everything and rode away; the poor man hid in the cat in the stove; overheard the animals talking; the wolf eats sheep from the side from which the shepherd does not see a crooked; the fox is lying in the cave in gold; the bear steals hives from a crooked beekeeper; the poor man told the beekeeper and shepherd everything, they rewarded him; took gold, returned to the village; when they found out how it was, they took the herd from the rich man and gave it to him; the rich man too went to spend the night; animals found it and ate it], 627-628 []; Ossetians: Britaev, Kaloev 1959:302-312 [Black Aldar tells his son to get the daughter of the underground Haji; giants ask to save them from Zaliag- snakes; a horse teaches her to hit her mouth with an arrow; giants marry him; an old woman guards the bridge, one fang in the sky, the other under the ground, nests between the eagles's teeth; he defeats her, gets her daughter; gets her horse; the daughter of the underground Haji is happy with the young man; her father gives treasures; Karaich kidnaps her; he turns out to be a girl, takes his wealth, goes with a young man; Black Aldar envies his son, asks a crooked hunter to destroy him; he feeds the young man salty, takes his eyes in exchange for water; Black Aldar fights with his daughters-in-law, cannot defeat them; the old man restores the young man's vision, bringing it from Haji ash leaves; Haji's daughter cut off Black Aldar's head with scissors; a crooked hunter was slaughtered, fed to dogs], 363-365 [on the way, the unfair offers to eat fair food first, and gives his own only in exchange for eyes and left; the fair one climbed into the hole and climbed under the ottoman; at night he hears animals talking; bear: if you anoint your eyes with honey from the hollow, you will see the light; fox: I have a bag of gold in my corner; wolf: the shepherd is my friend; the fair saw the light, told the shepherd to kill the shepherd, getting half the herd for it, took the gold; when he learned this, the unjust climbed into the same hole; the animals tore it]; Dirr 1920, No. 28 [The rich man took the poor man to hunt; the poor man soon ran out of food; the rich man promised to share if he gave him his eye, then the second; the poor man climbed into the attic of an abandoned house; a bear, a wolf, and a fox came in; fox: I have gold; if I shake it, I get food and drink; bear: I have even more gold; wolf: when I steal sheep and am wounded, I go back to this tree and it heals any wounds; when animals they left, the poor man took the gold, saw the light again, thanks to the tree; when he came to the shepherds, he shot the wolf, taking his brain; the wolf crawled to the tree, but it lost its strength; with a wolf brain, the former poor man cured the prince; he gave the best horse and equipment; the rich man also decided to spend the night in that house; the bear and fox first accused the wolf of stealing gold, killed him, and then found a man; killed him, regretting having killed a friend before] : 136-151; the Avars [Generous and Greedy set off; the Greedy man first offered to eat the Generous's food, and then left him; he spent the night in an abandoned mill, heard a fox, a wolf and a bear talking; a mouse carries gold out of a hole in a mill ditch; a black sheep on a mountain produces more hair than a whole herd; a treasure is buried at the city gate; the Generous takes treasures, buys a black sheep, gets rich; after learning about this, Greedy goes to the mill; the animals think that someone overheard them that time, they kill Greedy]: Atayev 1972, No. 22:29-30; Lucky [brothers Lovmart and Chumart went to earnings; L. offers to eat C.'s supplies first; then shares his own in exchange for C.'s eyes; C. spends the night in the mill, hears the animals talking; fox: a leaf from a neighboring tree will heal a blind man; wolf: broth from the shepherd's dog meat will be cured by the daughter of a pachaha; bear: gold in a neighboring cave; C. saw the light, took out gold, bought a dog from a shepherd, cured a pachaha's daughter, received an award; L. also goes to the cave, the animals found him, torn]: Aliyeva 2013, No. 95:426-427; Didois (Tsezes) [Sakhavat and Karum ("generous" and "greedy") set off, K. does not want to share food, S. broke up with him; spends the night in the mill, hears a conversation animals; fox: tomorrow the mouse will bring treasures; wolf: Khan's daughter has a broken eye, it can be replaced by a dog's eye; bear: bears bully cattle that go to watering; if you dig in the middle of the village, they will kill the key, the cattle will be intact; S. killed the mouse, inserted a dog's eye in the khan's daughter, received an award, ordered them to dig under a stone in the village, clogged a spring, S. received the award again; K. went to spend the night in the same mill, animals he was found and beaten]: Aliyeva 2013, No. 96:429-431; tatas [Merd and Nemerd go to look for work, eat Merda's churek, then N. refuses to share food with M., leaves it; M. spends the night in the mill, hears animal conversation; ferret: there is gold under the roof of the mill; there are seven trees in the forest from which honey flows; jackal: there are seven vessels of gold in the landfill; wolf: the padishah's daughter will recover by eating black sheep fat from a neighboring flock; M. took the ferret's gold, bought a ram, cured the padishah's daughter, got her as his wife, built a palace in a landfill and dug up gold, transplanted honey trees to the palace, inherited the throne of the padishah; calls N., tells him everything; he goes to the mill, the animals have torn him to pieces]: Aliyeva 2013, No. 98:435-439; Georgians: Bogoyavlensky 1894b, No. 1 (Gori) [two princes set off; elder offered to eat the younger one's supplies first; gave his own in exchange for his eyes; blind came to the mill; wolf: if you smear black sheep liver on your eyes, you'll see the light; bear: treasure at the mill; fox: mouse carries chervonets from the underground, and in the evening he takes them back; the blind man took the chervonets from the mouse, bought a black sheep; when he saw his sight, he took out the treasure; he met his brother; he went to spend the night in the mill, the animals tore him to pieces]: 104-106; Kurdovanidze 1988 (2), No. 88 (place of recording is unknown) [the poor man's son goes to work as a laborer, a wealthy merchant calls to go with him; offers to eat the poor man's supplies first; throws him in the forest; he spends the night at the mill; The fox takes his remaining three khachapuri, gives it to the Bear and the Wolf, does not tell them that there is a young man here; says that a mouse lives in the mill, she has money; Wolf - that black sheep liver can be used cure a blind king; Bear - that by cutting down a poplar, you can open water, save a waterless kingdom; a young man kills a mouse, takes money, buys a black sheep, heals the king, he pays in gold, cuts poplar, receives treasures; at home he tells the merchant everything; he goes to the mill for the night, the animals ate him]: 104 [the liar and the truthful went on a journey, the liar took a bag of food for himself, promised to share his food, if the truthful one pulls out his eyes, puts a stone in his hand and runs away; the truthful climbs on a pear; three lines under the pear talk; the one who washed his eyes with water from the spring will see the light; under the plane tree a treasure; the king's daughter will recover if you kill the toad under her ottoman; the blind man saw the light, got a treasure for one king, cured the daughter of the other, received a reward from both, told the liar everything; he climbed onto the pear, devils he was killed]: 107-112, 178-180; Chikovani 1954, No. 22 [two older brothers eat the youngest's cake, drive him away; after eating figs, the youngest lies under a tree, hears a conversation between the Bear, the Wolf, the Jackal; the Bear says that a plane tree must be dug in waterless Trebizond, water will appear; Wolf, that the king's son will recover if he wraps himself in the skin of a stainless sheep from the royal herd; Jackal, at the roots of an aspen growing nearby the treasure is buried, at sunrise the mice take it out to dry it; the young man kills mice, takes the treasure; opens water to the Trebizond people, heals the king's son, receives gifts; talks about everything to the brothers; they hide under figs; animals say that the treasure was taken, the king's son has recovered, water has appeared in Trebizond; they find and eat older brothers]: 128-130; Armenians (Ararat Valley) [Right and Wrong agreed to ask the person they met which of them should go ahead; the winner will cut out the eyes of the loser; the old man replies that he is wrong; he threw the dazzled man at the mill; the owner says that devils mill, but the Right asks to leave him there; the devils report their achievements; one drove the princess crazy, she will be cured by the blood of the Black Shepherd; the other said he was the old man who supported Wrong; the third says that if a blind man digs a hole in a plane tree, moistens his eye sockets with water, and puts his eyes cut out in them, he will see the light; the fourth devil quarreled with people who dug gold from under the millstone , they killed each other; in the morning, the Right asked the owner of the mill to take him to the plane tree; when he saw the light, took out gold, bought a shepherd, cured the princess, married her, reigned after the death of his father-in-law; found the Wrong and He told him everything; he went to the mill; the devils wrapped him in a carpet and beat him to death]: Khachatryants 1933:241-245 (=Karapetyan 1967:161-165); Azerbaijanis [brothers Merd ("generous") and Namerd ( "treacherous") went to look for work; N. offered to eat M.'s supplies first, and then did not share his own; agreed to feed M., taking out his eyes, but did not give him food, threw him in the forest; M. overheard at night conversation between Leo, Wolf, Fox; 1) a patient who drank the blood of a shepherd's dog will recover; 2) the Rat has jugs of gold in the cave; two pigeons say that they will cure M.; one drops the pen, they need to run they will see the eyes inserted into the eye sockets again; M. saw the light, took gold, bought a dog, cured her with blood from madness, the daughter of the padishah, married her; sees N., forgives, he goes to spend the night in the forest, animals he was torn to pieces]: Marchenko 1993:270-275; the Turks [the tailor and shoemaker set off; first they ate the tailor's supplies, and then the shoemaker refused to share his and business to the tailor's food only in exchange for eyes; the tailor stayed with the shepherd, his daughter restored his sight to the blind; the tailor cured the princess with the same herb and married her as well; when he met a shoemaker, forgives him]: Eberhard, Boratav 1953, No. 253:305; Kurds: Nevez 1982:88 f in Uther 2004 (1), No. 613:353-354; Wentzel 1978, No. 14 in Marzolph 1984:127.

Iran - Central Asia. Persians: Ottomans 1987:34-40 [the younger brother Unputevy offers to eat the elder Traveler's supplies first, then throws it in the desert; for the night he laid a fence of stones around him; divas tells the animals where gold is buried and the basin in which any food is buried; the Traveler became rich, and the Bad One became impoverished; went to the place, the divas ate him]: 280-281; Rosenfeld 1956 [Good meets the Infernal, they go together; N. offers to eat P.'s supplies first, leaves him; P. spends the night in the mill, hears animals talking; leopard: the mice on the roof of the mill have gold; wolf: the shepherd's dog's brain will cure the royal madness daughter; fox: there is a treasure in the ruins of the castle; P. takes gold from the mice, buys a dog, heals the princess, gets her as his wife, finds a treasure, the shah makes him an heir; he meets N., who goes to the mill animals find it, the lion tells us to tear it], 280-281 []; Romaskechiv 1934a, No. 9 (Isfahan) []: 64-66; Marzolph 1984, № 613 (Kerman, Mazendaran, Khorasan, Azerbaijan, etc.) [on the way, Evil suggests first eating the supplies of Good, and then demands that he allow himself to be dazzled if he wants to eat; he disagrees, is left alone; the good hears the conversation between a wolf, a fox, a lion, a diva and etc.; gold is hidden in the mill; the brain of a shepherd's dog will heal the princess; etc.; The good one heals the princess, marries her, becomes rich; The evil goes to the same place and is torn to pieces by animals]: 125-127; Yagnobtsy [the miser goes to the bazaar on foot, generous on horseback; gets down to urinate, asks to hold the horse; the stingy leaves the horse, holds the stone, asks the generous to hold, goes on horseback; the generous sleeps in the cave; hears conversation Mouse, Fox, Wolf, Bear, they are full, happy; finds out that the Mouse has money in the nest; gets it in the morning; finds a stingy man, he sold the horse, wasted money, shows money generously, says - here they, tells the animals to talk; the miser goes to the cave; this time the animals are dissatisfied with life, they find and eat the stingy]: Andreev, Peschereva 1957, No. 37:173-175; Yazgulyam [Neck and Bud went to way; they ate Neck's supplies, and Bud gave him bread in exchange for an eye; Neck spent the night in the mill underground; a fox, a bear, a wolf and other animals gathered; fox: there is a man without eyes; animals: let him rub his eyes with an apricot flower; Neck saw the light, brought a bag of gold; when he found out, Bud also went to the mill; fox: here is a man, he has big eyes, tear him apart; animals tore him apart]: Edelman 1966, No. 18:215; Sarykoltsy [a good man and a bad man travel together; a good man asks a bad man for a piece of bread; a bad man tells him to poke out his eye; a good man does it; a few days later he asks again a bad piece of bread; he tells him to poke out his eye again; a good one does it, becomes blind; the bad one leaves it and leaves; in the evening a dog comes, takes a good man to the cave; after a while time the wolf, bear, fox and evil spirit ("nightmare") come there; the bear asks the fox where it came from; the fox: from the royal city; bear: what news is there? fox: the king's daughter is blind; wolf: she can be cured with blue goat skin; bear: there is a tree in front of the cave, and a puddle at its foot; if a blind man puts his hand in it, he splashes water a tree, and then rubs his eyes with this water, he will see the light; a good man hears their conversation and goes to that puddle the next day; does as the bear said and gains sight; then goes to to the king, tells him that there is a blue-skinned goat among his herds, and tells him to bring it; with this skin, he restores the king's daughter's sight and eventually marries her; a bad man comes and asks he has treasures; a good man sends him to a cave; when he finds only food and clothes, the bad one stays there for the night; the wolf who comes kills him]: Shaw 1876, No. 1:42-44; (cf. Ishkashim {Grierson 1920:2: The Ishkashim version is translated from Shugnan, and the Shugnan text is a translation of the Sarykol text published in Shaw 1876} [good and evil set off; good asked for bread; the evil one gave it twice, for this he pricked out one eye, then the other eye; the evil one left, it became dark; the dog came up; the good man grabbed her by the tail, she brought him into the cave; the wolf came there, bear, fox and evil spirit (night-mare); fox: the king's daughter is ill, the king tells the viziers to find a doctor; wolf: there is a blue goat in the royal herd; you must put his skin on your eyes, you will recover; bear: before plane tree cave, pond next to it; you have to moisten your hand in the water, put it on the trunk of the plane tree, and then to your eyes - you will see the light; in the morning good did so, I saw the light; I came to the king, asking not to execute the viziers, but to find blue goat; the princess's eyes recovered, the king gave her a good wife; came evil, kind told him about the cave; the beasts tore him apart]: Grierson 1920:65-68); Pashtuns [rider Mard borrows Namard his horse on foot; N. rode away, leaving M. in the mountains; M. spends the night in a cave, hears a conversation between Tiger, Wolf, Fox; finds out where gold is under the stone, how to make a cure for madness (mix tree leaves with through the eyes of a wolfhound), finds out where the mouse plays with gold coins; after mining coins, buys a wolfhound, heals the king's daughter from madness, builds a palace on the site of buried gold; one of the workers is N.; after learning the story of M. , he goes to the cave; the Tiger decides that their conversation is overheard, finds it, eats N.]: Lebedev 1955:43-52; Turkmens [Generous and Miserly went to the Kaaba; Miserly offered to eat Generous's cakes first, and then refused to share his own; went on, and the Generous turned back; spent the night in an abandoned house; a lion, a fox, a wolf came there; a lion: where the ploughman works under the destroyed house, a treasure is buried; fox: in front Money is also buried in this house; a man dug money, comes to the padishah, healed his son with the medicine he received {some pass; is this a wolf's missed story?} , married the padishah's daughter and the land on which the treasure became rich; The miser comes to the Generous and, having found out what was going on, goes to that house; the lion tore him to pieces]: Stebleva 1969, No. 43:222-224; Uzbeks [Tugri ( "honest") went on horseback to look for work, met Egra ("dishonest") singing, invited him to ride a little bit, who rode off; T. hid in a clearing in an old tone; heard Leo, Tiger talking, Bear, Wolf, Jackal, Fox; Fox has a good thing in the cave, the elk leaf will cure the Shah's daughter, the old man has a dog that can protect any herd, in the herd of bai there is a horse that will catch up with the tiger; T. helped the shepherds, half as a reward for the horse, he cured the Shah's daughter, married her; told E. who came about everything; he spent the night in the forest, the animals tore him apart]: Marchenko 1993:230-234; Bukhara Arabs [the emir is blind, the sons are going for medicine; the elders come to the old woman; she stipulates that if the lamp stays on the cat until the morning, she will take their property; having lost everything, the brothers are hired as a fish merchant; younger greets the Albanists, who refers him to her older sister; she to the younger sister; she to the bargitumi tree; there are divas and peri, the young man collects the leaves of the tree; plays back what the brothers lost (sends the mouse to the cat); in the youngest steppe is thirsty, his brothers tear his eyes out in exchange for water, take the leaves, throw him into the well; he finds leaves in his pocket, sees the light; the horse pulls him out of the well; he heals his father; the father curses elder sons]: Vinnikov 1969, No. 36:237-239.

Baltoscandia. Lithuanians [poor brother asks for rich bread, he gives it in exchange for eyes; a blind man comes to the forest, climbs a pine tree, animals gather under it; a rider rode, asks them about life, himself tells them three news; 1) a blind poor man will see the light if he washes himself with dew from this pine tree; 2) the queen will recover if a toad is killed under her floor; 3) if you move a stone, water will flow into the waterless city ; the poor man sees the light, kills the toad, the king, then the townspeople reward him generously; at home he sends his son to his brother to measure gold and silver, some coins remain on the measure; when he finds out what is going on, the rich man goes into the forest, hides in a pine tree; animals say that someone overheard the conversation, find a person, tear him apart]: Lyovite 1965:233-239; Latvians [Three secrets. The poor brother goes to the rich man for bread, the rich one gouges his eyes out. The poor man sits under a tree, overhears birds and animals talking about how to regain sight, how to heal a princess, and how to provide the city with water. The blind man sees the light, heals the princess, gets water and is rewarded. He tells the rich man everything. The rich man gouges out his eyes, goes to eavesdrop on the animal conversation, but they break it up]: Aris, Medne 1977, No. 613:306; Livs: Uther 2004 (1), No. 613:353-354; Lutsie (West 1926) [at the poor The younger brother has many children, but the rich elder does not have them; the poor asks for food, he gives it in exchange for his eyes; the blind goes to wander and sleeps under the boat; devils gather; the king will give up the throne who cures his blind daughter; dew will fall this morning to heal blindness; a chest of gold is buried nearby; there is no water in one village - hell is closed; dig several times and water will appear; the poor man saw the light, dug up a chest of gold, received awards from the inhabitants of the watery village and from the father of the sighted princess; the rich brother ordered him to gouge out his eyes, went to spend the night under the boat; the devils found him, tore him, pulled his skin to drum]: Annom et al. 2018:227-230; Estonians [Truth and Krivda (Tõde ja Vale) set off, agreed to eat the reserves of Truth first; after that Krivda refused to share theirs; He promised to give him bread after the Truth allowed him to be blinded; he did not give it, left it in the cemetery; the truth sleeps in the chapel; from a conversation between two crows, he learns that there is land to the right of the chapel that cures blindness; that the princess will recover if she drinks water from a spring under a large stone; The truth sees, heals the princess, marries her; upon learning about this, Krivda orders herself to be dazzled and left in the chapel; crows they find him, kill him]: Normann, Lätt 1968:153-156; the Finns [the merchant's eldest son became rich in deception and lies, the youngest because of his honesty; they agree to ask the person they meet what leads to success: lie or truth; towards a man in a boat; he is associated with evil spirits; replies that it is a lie; the elder brother took the younger ship, blinded it and let it go in the boat by sea; the boat sailed to to the island, blind climbed a stone; the skier gives his skis and tells him to go to the spring and wash his eyes - the pain is gone; next time he sends him to another source - the person sees the light; gives skis, they will deliver home; before that, tells you to spend the night on top of a tree; a man hears devils talking; a royal daughter will recover if she goes to the garden at dawn and washes herself with dew; a well must be dug where it is now a birch tree grows; deer will reappear in the park if the horns nailed there are removed from the gate; a man hired the king, extracted water, returned the deer, healed the princess, the king brought him closer; the elder's ship sails brother; the youngest gave him his skis, who took him to the demon tree; they noticed and tore him]: Konkka 1993:7-16 (=199:199-207); Eastern Sami (Skolts) [poor brother claims that you have to rely on God, and the rich - what the hell; they bet, sailed in a boat on the sea to ask the people they meet; the person he meets agrees with the rich; he snatched out the poor's eye, left him in the boat; she was carried ashore; the poor man got ashore, fell asleep; someone said that there is a bush nearby, a spring under it; you have to wash your eyes and rub them with three leaves, vision will return; then there will be a big tree, let the poor will climb it; two people stop under the tree, talking; the sorcerer torments the royal daughter, if she is brought to this island, the sorcerer's power will weaken; the king does not have enough water, you have to dig Under this tree, a spring will appear; the deer have scattered; if you put the paddock posts where they used to be, the deer will return; the poor brother has come to town; the king says he does not need a worker, but the poor man suggests providing the king with water; {this ends the text; the conversation under the tree is also confusing}]: Lagercrantz 1961, No. 306:181-184; Karelians, Veps: Kecskeméti, Paunonen 1974, No. 613:233; the Swedes [two brothers (companions) argue whether it is better, false or true; a believer eats a truthful's food and blinds him; a blind person overhears a conversation between animals or spirits, finds out from it, how to see the light and how to cure a princess; becomes a minister; when he meets someone he once dazzled and finds out how it was, a liar goes to the place where the truthful eavesdropped on spirits or animals and killed by them]: Liungman 1961, No. 613:183; Norwegians [two brothers are named True, Untrue); on the way they agree to share the food they have taken; eat food V.; O. refuses share, pulls out his brother's eyes, leaves him in the forest; he climbs a tree, hears animals talking; Bear: the King of England is almost blind, and the dew of this tree cures blindness; Wolf: his daughter is deaf and dumb because under The Toad sits on the floor of the church and the altar, swallowing a piece of her wafer; bread must be removed from the Toad's belly, given to the princess, she will recover; Fox: there is no water in the king's palace, you have to dig in the yard, score the key; The hare : the king's garden does not bear fruit, because a gold chain hedgehogs underground around it; V. regains his sight, digs up a spring, heals the king from blindness, digs up a gold chain, heals the princess, gets her in wives; poor O. comes during the wedding; when he finds out what is going on, he goes to the forest, climbs a tree; the bear says they were eavesdropped last time, so now it's better to keep quiet and leave]: Dasent 1970:1-7.

Volga - Perm. Marie [two hunters gouge out his brother's eyes; the bird tells the blind man how to regain his sight and gives him medicine; the hunters gouge out his eyes again; the blind man regains his sight and becomes rich]: Sabitov 1989, No. 613:37; Mordovians, Udmurts, Chuvashes: Kecskeméti, Paunonen 1974, No. 613:233; Kazan Tatars [Tugrs ("truthful") and Aldar ("deceiver") are arguing whether it is better live by truth or by deceiving; plowman, buy, old man answer that it is more profitable to cheat; T. wants to eat, A. gives him food and takes his eyes for it, leaves the blind man; the voice tells him to wash his eyes in the spring - You will see the light; then climb the oak tree and listen; genies gathered at midnight; one torments the padishah's daughter; to drive him away, you have to take a rosary from Gali-bay; T. has been working for G. for three years, received a rosary, married the daughter of the padishah; A. became impoverished; when he found out what had happened to T., he climbed the same oak tree; the genies tore it]: Zamaletdinov 2009, No. 2:26-30; the Bashkirs [Pravda and Krivda went together; ate the reserves of Truth; Krivda shared it only in exchange for the eyes of Truth; in a dream, someone told the Truth to fool around, find a sheet and put it to his eyes; he saw the light; became a dervish, preached, the king liked it, but the senator offered Hang the dervish; the king gave a note, but the senator was hanged; the king died, the dervish was elected; and Krivda became poor]: Bessonov 1941, No. 66:311-312 (Barag 1990, No. 135:322-323).

Turkestan. Kazakhs: Daurenbekov 1979 [on the way Miser eats the Generous's supplies, denies him his supplies, leaves him in a cave; he eats grass, begins to understand the language of animals, hears the Fox Soroke says that Mouse plays with gold coins under the poplar; the Wolf says that if the head of a goat from the herd where he steals sheep is given to a blind person, he will see the light; the fox says that it is kept under the trees the treasury of the seven kings; the Generous takes treasures, heals the king's blind daughter, takes her as his wife; when he learns about this, the Miser goes to the cave; the animals say that someone overheard them, tore the Miser]: 124-125; Kanbak-Shal 1985 [Good invites Evil to ride a horse one by one, Evil galloped away; in the forest Good climbs a tree, hears animals talking; Fox knows where the treasure is, Wolf knows how to cure Bai's daughter (take a colorful heart sheep), lion - when he steals horses, he can only be caught up with a red foal; the Good man cured the girl, married her, dug up gold, killed a lion, received a herd of horses from the owner; met Evil, who I became impoverished, went to that tree, ate the dinner that the animals had prepared, they tore it]: 14-16; Sidelnikov 1952 (Turgay y.) [Angry walks, Good man caught up with him on horseback; agreed to take turns; Evil galloped away; The good man came to the forest shack, lunch is being cooked, the Good man hid; the lion, the wolf and the fox entered; the fox: in the abandoned gold is buried in the winter; wolf: Baja daughter will cure the heart of a variegated sheep; lion: only a red foal will catch up with me; Good man cured and received a Baja daughter, dug up gold, killed a lion; Evil became impoverished; learning how The good man got rich, came to the animal house, ate all the food, the wolf and the fox tore him to pieces]: 247-249; yellow Uighurs [the younger brother went blind with tears, burying his mother; the elder left him in the forest; he reaches temple; hearing Tiger, Leopard, Swan talking, learns that mushrooms growing nearby will restore his sight; that if you burn the bag of straw in which the Black Spider lives, the rich man's daughter will recover; the girl is given to him as his wife ; he visits his older brother; he blinds himself, goes to the temple; animals have torn him to pieces]: Stuart, Jhang 1996:68-70; Dungans: Riftin et al. 1977, No. 13 [younger poor brother Iduan throws in the desert Elder Icheon, stealing his camel caravan; Ichon sleeps in the temple, hears Tiger, Wolf, Fox talking; learns that if you dig up a poplar, a spring will clog the yuanwei; three spirits in the form of a rooster, a stone, a poplar they suck the blood of Yuanwei's daughter; if you take gold and silver from under the haystack, yuanwei will get rich; Ichon heals a girl, marries, opens a spring, gets rich, becomes an official; Yiduan is impoverished, Yichon feeds, dresses it, talks about what happened; Yduan spends the night in the temple, torn to pieces by animals]: 108-113; Yusurov 1970 [the peasant died, the youngest son of Zhinduan took everything for himself; the youngest Zhinchan got his own farm; both the houses burned down, the brothers went on a journey; the youngest pushed the elder into the well, took the silver he had earned together; at the bottom, the elder hears a conversation between two guev (humanoid creatures) who came to the well ; the daughter of a wealthy peasant will recover if a frog living under ricks of hay is killed; the healing tree in the same garden withers, because there is a treasure chest under it; there is almost no water in the village, a well must be dug , there is an underground river; Zhingduan pretends to be a healer; a girl tells how a lover in a green coat with cold hands comes to her at night; ricks are burned, a genie frog dies, a girl He recovers, marries Jinduan; he digs up a chest, gets water; goes after his former wife and children; Zhinchan asks to let him down the well; Guevo says that someone overheard them, filled up the well stones]: 57-65.

Southern Siberia - Mongolia. Altaians [two brothers share property after the death of their parents; Kara-Sagysh receives black animals, Ak-Sagysh receives white animals; CS stabs all whites, eats, runs away; AU wanders, in a hut hears animals talking about Karaty-Kaan's cattle dying without water; learning from a hare how to extract water; AU helps the khan save cattle, marries his daughter; the COP decides to repeat everything; after overhearing the conversation animals that Khan's cattle now do not suffer without watering, laughs; animals discover CS, tear them apart]: Sadalova 2002, No. 29:265-271 (=Demchinova 2003:159); Tuvans [brothers Ak-Sagysh and Kara-Sagysh they wander; K. offers to eat A.'s horse, ride one; leaves, leaving A. on foot; he spends the night under the couch in the plague, hears the conversation of the animals that have come; finds out where the boar hides the silver stick, that only she can throw off the stone that has filled the Karaty Khan spring; A. finds a stick, opens a spring, gets the khan's daughter; K. comes to him, goes to the same plague, the animals find him, A. barely saved him]: Taxams 1988:190-192; Mongols: Ikeda 1971 (Western 1942) [two brothers go on a journey, each carrying a thousand silver coins; the elder dazzles and robs the youngest; from talking animals, he learns how to regain her sight and heal the girl; returns home , bringing a magic hammer; his evil brother is disgraced, flees]: 158; Mikhailov 1962 [=197:146-149; an evil beggar envies the good he is served; there are two eggs in the eagle's nest; one hatched an eagle, a belt in the other's shell; an evil beggar persuades the good man to get a belt; he falls into the nest, cannot get out; the eagle brought him a gopher; later he guessed to go down with a belt tied; at night in the temple he hears a conversation between a tiger, a wolf, a crow, a fox; learns how to cure the khan's daughter (spiders have climbed into her ear), bring water to the city (clear the spring); awarded a khan; an evil beggar goes spend the night in the temple, eaten by a tiger]: 123-125; Dongxiang [giving birth to a son, the wife died, the new one gave birth to a son the following year: the brothers grew up, the elder married: the stepmother sends her son to kill his stepson; he pushes his brother into the well, takes his wife; sitting in a well, the young man hears the Wolf, the Fox, the Hare talking; the rich man's daughter will recover if a pile of grass is burned; the man has no water, in his garden there is a hidden spring under a stone under an elm tree; gold is buried behind the garden of the third; travelers pull the young man out of the well; he cured the girl, married her, found water, gold, became an official; the stepmother sends her to the well son, animals kill him]: Todayeva 1961, No. 1:75-78.

(Wed. Eastern Siberia. Verkhnealdan Evenks (Timpton District of Yakutia) [Kachi got a girl in battle; his father ordered his son's eyes to be pulled out, lowered into the ice-hole, takes the girl; the old man pulls out the drowned man, the bird helps to insert his eyes, K. comes to that woman, talks about what happened; the old man is beheaded]: Voskoboynikov 1980:49).

Amur - Sakhalin. The Nanais [the elder brother collected pine nuts, did not talk to the younger brother, he collected acorns; tasted the older brother's nuts; the elder promised to pick out the thief's eye; the younger said he took the elder blinded him; the youngest came to a house, lay down in a corner; evil spirits gathered; one told him where there is a tree, at the roots of which moss grows; the tree itself will turn into gold and silver; the mergen has a beautiful younger sister; the young man sees the light, pays a ransom for the beauty, lives well; the elder brother tells him to be blinded, goes to the house of evil spirits, the youngest finds his bones there; the younger grinded them, sculpted a doll, revived their brother, he got married, the brothers began to live together]: Kile 1996, No. 40:357-363.

Japan. Japanese (1 entry, Kanto) [father tells two sons to share rice and travel after his death; the elder eats the youngest's supplies and dumps it; the youngest climbed a tree, heard the conversation of wolves; the leaves of this tree satisfy hunger and restore vision; the young man ate leaves, cured the blind daughter of a noble master, became his heir; once he sees a beggar, this is his older brother; when he finds out As it was, he goes to a tree and is eaten by wolves]: Ikeda 1971, No. 613:158.

(Cf. Mesoamerica. Nahua (Matlapa, San Luis Potosí) [{the text is clearly European}; the eldest of two brothers plays guitar on a mile, falls asleep, dreams he can't catch a seven-color horse; while he he slept, the younger one took the guitar, a seven-colored horse appeared in the morning, he caught him; the father sent his older brother, the youngest followed him; on the way, the eldest said that he would let the youngest eat if he gave him an eye; then second; the youngest climbed a tree, regained his sight with a leaf; saw that devils were eating below; the woman was sick, no one could help; the boy said he would cure, pulled out a frog from under the pillow that sucked a woman's blood; threw it into a basin of hot water, it burst; in a village where there was neither water nor fire, the boy extracted water from the stone, the fire from dry wood; returned home to a seven-colored horse]: Croft 1957: 318-320; tricks [{the text is local, but the motive is probably of Spanish origin}; the twins are born to a girl (or a married woman but not of a husband); they are thrown away to ants, they are alive; then they are abandoned into the river; they are caught by the old woman Ga'ah, tells her deer husband that she gave birth to them; the deer lives in the forest, she carries tortillas; when she leaves, the twins jump out of the cradle to play; birds they warn them when G. returns; once the birds overslept G.'s appearance, the twins no longer take the form of babies; they do not believe that the Deer is their father, they kill him, stuff the scarecrow with wasps; Opossum they send to bring fire (see motif D4A), roast Deer meat, give G.; The frog tells her what she ate, she does not believe it, hits her, now the frog's skin is wrinkled; G. is angry that the Deer is silent, hits him with a stick , bitten by wasps; drives twins out of the house; the snake is going to eat the world, the twins throw hot stones into its mouth; send a fly to check if the snake is dead; the fly defecates in its left eye; the younger brother takes a brighter right eye, the eldest takes the left eye; the brothers go, the younger one wants to drink; the elder gets water as soon as the younger one agrees to change eyes; G. comes to the twins; they are hers they put stones to their penises to sleep and rape; they run to heaven, the eldest becomes the Sun, the youngest becomes the Month; he swallows the rabbit, which is now visible on him; the birds wake up G., she is covered in blood; throws after to the twins, the details of her loom (turning into the Taurus constellation) and sandals (turning into the Pleiades); G. herself becomes the spirit of a steam bath]: Hollenbach 1980, No. 8.26-8.37:463-468; zapotecs {the texts are local, but the motive is probably of Spanish origin}: Parsons 1932a, No. 1 [two orphans Sun Boy and Moon Girl live at Sus Ley ("barren woman"); they hunt, but she gives everything to her to Gol Gisa' old husband; he lives in the forest, does nothing; St. Anton always helps children with advice; twins kill GG, let SL eat his heart under the guise of a deer's heart, stuff his scarecrow with stinging insects; when SL touches her husband, insects fly out; she and her brother Ros (a worm living in the mud) wants to burn the children in the steam bath; they run away, strangle SL with smoke in her house, pick up her loom parts, ring, jug, comb; Ros turns into a snake, chases twins; they throw the objects they take, they turn into different mountains; they throw hot stones down R.'s throat, he dies; the sister grabs the bright right, and the brother grabs R.'s left, dim eye; the sister is thirsty; brother makes a hole of water; offers in exchange for a bright rabbit eye; lets his sister approach the water when she puts her eyes on the ground; God assigns the boy to become the sun, the girl to become the moon; when they have risen, everyone rebengulal ("los idolos", first ancestors) buried themselves in the ground]: 281-283 (=1936:222, 324-327); Stubblefield, Stubblefield 1969 [old woman Läy and old man Gisaj were before anyone else in the world; G. lay at entering the cave; S. 13 times a day brought him food, was very tired; once she discovered how to cook corn, then how to weave and make clothes; on the seashore they found a box with a boy and a girl in it; they were theirs they grew up, they carried food for G.; a man told them that G. was not their father, called them to him, let him throw eggs one into that G.'s head, the rest into his body; he would die, we had to take out his heart, fill G. wasps, let S. cook the heart as if it were a deer's heart; The frog from the river told L. that she was going to eat her husband's heart; L. came with her children to G.'s body, turned it over, the wasp bit her, the children ran away; L. complained to her brother {? ; he is her husband's compadre, but hereinafter referred to as her compadre}; he advised using a suction stone and sucking the babies back; L. is going to burn the children in the steam room; the boy drills in the floor beforehand exit; run away, leaving the leaves with magnesium; they burst in the heat, L. and his brother think their brains are bursting; L. does not find their needle, mirror, comb; children have filled the suction stone with pepper in advance, L. breathed in, almost died; her brother (compadre) is a serpent, chasing children; they throw a machete (lake), a needle (vine), a comb (also a vine), a mirror (fire, the snake is burned); the girl is thirsty; to get water ready to sacrifice her eye; God comes up, tells her not to do it-she will become the moon, her brother will become the sun]: 47-62).