K93. Twins and a woman, ATU 303.
.11.-.17.23.27.-.32. (.37.)
After a series of adventures and victories, the hero gets into trouble. His twin or brother follows in his footsteps, meets the same characters, but when he meets his last enemy, he defeats him and revives (frees) the hero.
Bondei, Congo, Shauna, Dagomba, Balant, (Somalis), Malgashi (Sakalawa), Berbers (and Arabs?) Morocco, Kabila, Libyan Arabs, Egypt, Basques, Aragon, Spaniards, Catalans, Portuguese, Italians (Lombardy, Veneto, Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Campania, Lazio, Calabria, Puglia), Sicilians, Sardinians, Maltese, Ladins, Bretons, French (Upper Brittany, Normandy, Lorraine, Poitou, Vendée, Gascony, Nièvre), Walloons, Flemish, Dutch, Friesians, Germans (Hessen, Schleswig-Holstein, Saxony, Grimms, Austria), Scots, Irish, Palestinians, Syrian Arabs, Yemen, Baiga, (Sinhales), Slovenes, Bosnians, Hungarians, Romanians, Serbs, Albanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Slovaks, Czechs, Poles, Russians (Arkhangelsk, Olonetskaya , Murmansk, Pskov, Vologda, Vladimir, Moscow, Tula, Voronezh, Kursk), Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Ugric Russia, Transcarpathia, Galicia, Yekaterinoslavskaya), Belarusians, Abkhazians, Adygs, Balkarians, Ossetians, Kumyks, Avars, Georgians, Megrelians, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Turks, Kurds, Bakhtiyars, Turkmens, Bukhara Arabs, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Yazgulyam, Lithuanians, Latvians, Swedes, Danes, Norwegians, Faroese, Western and Eastern Sami, Finns, Karelians, Livons, Maris, Chuvash, Udmurts, Kazan Tatars, Bashkirs (Mansi, Nanais).
Bantu-speaking Africa. Bondei [Nyange asks his father for milk, for which he chases him away; he tells Katuni's younger brother that if the pumpkin he planted dries up, he feels bad; heals the eyes of the chief's daughter, gets it in wives; father-in-law does not tell you to chase animals in the forest; N. goes to the forest for buffalo; the woman touches him with a shepherd's stick, turns him into a mound; K. sees a dried pumpkin, goes looking for N.; they look like, everyone thinks that N. has returned; he does not sleep with his wife N., tells her to bake cakes; chasing a wild bull, he meets that woman, gives her cakes; for this she shows two sticks; one K. turns her into a mound, the other revives people; N. lost an eye from being hit with a stick; people choose K. as leader; N. is offended, he is given cattle and money; brothers did not reconcile]: Woodward 1925, No. 12:367-370; Congo [daughter of Nzambi (mother- progenitor) refuses the leopard and other animals, agrees to Mavungu's offer; the mirrors in her hut show all the villages; M. looks into the last mirror, where he sees a village from where he does not they return; goes there, where the old woman asks him to tie his horse more tightly; kills him; his twin brother Luemba comes to N., everyone takes him for M.; for the night he carries the mat from his brother's wife to another place; goes to that village, only pretends to tie the horse tightly; kills an old woman, revives his brother and other people from bones; on the way back, M. kills L. because he wanted L. the lively belonged to him; L.'s horse revives him with an amulet, L. kills M., N.'s people decide that he did the right thing]: Dennett 1898:60-64 (=Radin 1952, No. 78:289-291; translated to Kotlyar 1973:17-26); Shauna (karanga) [twins Shuau (elder) and Gyorre are indistinguishable; everyone has a dog and onion born with him; S. plants a plant that will wither if he dies, leaves; cuts off heads a four-headed snake living in the lake, who is left to eat the king's daughter; the king's sons-in-law take credit for themselves, the daughter tells her father the truth; S. shows the snake's hidden heads, receives a princess; fights a two-headed snake, is killed, the dog revives it; the snake offers to tie the dog, kills both; the plant withers, D. comes to his wife Sh., she takes him for her husband, but he does not sleep with her; revives S. and his dog; his wife finds out that her husband has a twin]: Zhukov, Kotlyar 1975, 120:290-294.
West Africa. Dagomba [two young men are friends since childhood, one is poor, the other is rich; the chief's daughter will marry someone who spends six days in her house without food or water, otherwise he will be executed; the rich volunteered to try it; the poor makes a hole in the wall and gives water to the rich man; the girl guessed it, lay down in the same place, put a bowl of water and moistened the edge of her clothes; the rich met a rat, she promised to help; the ants destroyed a bowl and clothes; the chief married his daughter to a rich young man; the young man planted a tree (let his friend watch if it's dry) and went on a journey; in the village, water in the river appears only if sacrificed girl; it was the turn of the leader's daughter; at sunset, a boa constrictor, the spirit of the river, crawled out to the girl; the young man cut him into pieces, water poured out of his body; the chief refused to accept the daughter, because she was given to the spirit of the river, so the young man with as a girl, they settled far from the village; but one day the inhabitants invited the young man to hunt; told him not to approach the hill; but they followed the antelope themselves; the rock opened and swallowed everyone; seeing that the tree dried up, the rich young man went in search of a friend; the villagers and the poor brother's wife mistook the rich girl for her husband; at night, the young man explained that he had vowed not to agree with his wife until he released him swallowed; when the rock wanted to swallow it, he cut it with a knife, the swallowed ones came out; the poor friend explained to his wife that the rich looked like him like two drops of water; which of the two is the best friend?] : Cardinall 1931:183-188; balance [an elderly woman lets the fish go, she makes it fertile, she gives birth to three identical sons; the eldest leaves the tree, if it turns yellow, then it is in trouble; comes to an old woman, builds a house for her; a snake, to whom the royal daughter was given to eat; marries a princess; comes to cannibals, they captivate him; the middle brother goes to look for the younger one; seeing him, the old woman and wife think that it is the elder who has returned; they do not go to his wife, the middle one goes for the youngest, is captured; the same is with the eldest; he frees the brothers, they kill cannibals; the tsar passes off the other daughters as his son-in-law's brothers]: Anpetkova-Sharova 2010:196-200.
Sudan - East Africa. Malgashi: Haring 1982, No. 7.303 [someone advises a childless king to catch two fish and eat them with his wife; the maid and the dog eat leftovers; the queen and the maid give birth to the same boys, the dog two puppies; the prince goes to look for a bride; if he dies, the bush wilts; he finds a wife; the kaka beast kills him; the bush has withered, the maid's son goes in search; the prince's wife takes him for her husband, he puts him between with them a gun; finds the prince's bones; makes the beast revive him; they kill the beast; when they learn that the maid's son slept with his wife, the prince's son kills him; he is revived by the goddess; the prince's son turns into whale, the maid's son - at lightning]: 468-469; 2007, No. 80 (sakalava) [a childless woman turns to the sorcerer Rakakabe; he gives the drug on the condition that she gives him her first child; she gives birth to indistinguishable twins one from the other; R. comes, the mother tells me to come tomorrow, promises to dress the elder in red; the young man cuts the cloth into pieces, gives it to each of his comrades; the same with the black cloth; then R. sends one first then the second young man to bring water in coconut without splashing it; takes the one who has managed to do this with him; at R.'s home, the old woman teaches the young man to push R. himself into a boiling pot; the young man takes R.'s property, plunges into the water up to his neck, his body becomes gilded; leaves, kills a snake that is about to eat two mighty chicks of a bird; she gives him a female; the same with two donkeys (takes a female donkey); the same a lioness, a giraffe; he leaves animals in a cave; puts on rags, smears himself with resin as if he were a leper; then he comes to the lepers, then to the cave, where she takes on a normal form; the leader's daughter chooses a groom, throwing lemon; lemon hits a young man who looks like a leper twice; the chief's daughter takes him as her husband but does not sleep with him; the king is sick, he will be cured by donkey milk; the young man gives it to four young men, but for this burns their legs with a poker; a neighboring leader attacked, a young man in his true form smashes enemies with animals; next time he cut his finger with a sword, the leader bandages the wound with a handkerchief; the wife tells the maid wash her husband to treat her husband with herbs, dirt and resin come off, everyone is happy; he appears all over the celebration, the chief recognizes his handkerchief; the younger brother follows in the footsteps of the elder, he is still the same; the elder finds out about the beauty who wins against those who come to her, goes to look for her; the youngest comes to the elder's wife, she takes him for her husband, but he puts a sword between them at night; the older brother lost, planted in prison; the old woman gives the younger mice - you have to play at night, release the mice, the cat will chase them, knock over the lamp, you can quietly pick up her chips; the woman offers herself, but the youngest only tells release the elder; after learning that the youngest slept with his wife, the elder kills him; after learning from his wife about the sword, the elder returns to the body of the youngest, the bee revives the victim, everything is fine]: 207-220; (cf. Somalis (recorded in Arabic) [the man took an Arab wife and an Ethiopian slave; both gave birth on the same day, the slave died in childbirth; the husband gave birth to a second child to an Arab woman, said she gave birth to both; the boys grew up; an old woman came and told the Arab woman that one of them was not her son; offered to check: lie naked in front of the house door as if she had fallen asleep; the son who would cover his mother was real; son An Ethiopian woman (SE) told the son of an Arab woman (SA) to cover his mother; he covered it, his mother scratched him to find out who had covered her; the father tested the sons; told the mother to say that their father would give them breakfast; said that breakfast was in the stove, and he hid a lion in the oven; the lion bit the SA, who complained to his mother; and SE killed the lion, his father praised him, gave him a sled mare; the Arab woman was offended, asked the old woman to bring poison put SE in food; tells her son that he must eat separately today; SE gives food to the cat, which is dead; next time the mare warns SE that the poisoned needles are placed on 14 steps, they need them jump over everything at once; he jumps over; the old woman advises the woman to pretend to be sick - supposedly she will recover by eating the mare's liver; the father tells SE to sell him a mare, which requires a lot of money, a spear and a sword; when the time comes, asks for permission to ride the mare for the last time, he jumps away; he planted a tree, SA came to him; SE ordered him to watch the tree: if it dries up, then he is in trouble; he comes to see the girl threatens her father, he has to let SE sleep with his daughter; the light is on the horizon, this is the daughter of Voskhod; SE comes to the fortress, reads the Koran, gets inside; the girl says that the demon will eat them; SE teaches hide it, explain to the demon what the smell is from the prince yesterday; when the demon falls asleep, the girl explains to SE that a demon can only be killed with his own sword when his two little eyes are closed and open two big ones; hit with his left hand; SE cut off his head; the demon asks to hit him again, SE refuses, the demon dies; SE has been living with Voskhod's daughter for 10 years; while swimming, she lost her hair, the water brought him to to the king, he sent an army to bring the owner of the hair, SE killed everyone; the old woman promises to bring a woman to the king; comes disguised as a beggar; his wife does not want to let her in, nor SE insisted; she gave him coffee with poison, he died; the warriors took the women away; SA saw that the tree had dried up; came to SE's first wife, sleeps at night with his back turned to her; finds SE's body; sees how one raven brought the corpse of another, revived it by dipping it in the water; revived SE; the brothers, disguised as dervishes, came to SE's wife kidnapper; lured the old woman to a skinned hole, threw earth; came to the kitchen, the wife recognized SE; the king invited them to serve as his warriors; gave weapons, offered to choose horses; SE recognized his mare; they killed the king and his warriors; SE returned his wife and gave his first wife to an Arab son]: Reinish 1900, No. 1:259-277).
North Africa. Kabila [Mohamed bin Soltan's son from one wife, Ali bin Aguemoun from the other; M.'s mother died, mother A. began to raise both boys without knowing who her son was; neighbors advised fake death: put chicken giblets on their stomach and scream that the bull was hurting; sons will run up, we need to look at their ears {it's not clear how this will help you get to know your own son}, give your native wheat bread, and to his half-brother, bran bread; M. offered to throw bread into the water; A.'s bread went to the bottom and M. surfaced; M.: this is a sign that I must leave, for our mother no longer treats us the same way; when leaving, M. planted a fig tree: if it dries up, he died, and if it began to dry out, he was in mortal danger; M. sat on his horse, took a falcon and a hound; at the source M. asked the princess to give him a piece and meat; princess: I brought them to a snake, and if I give some of them, the serpent would not give water and eat me; the serpent alternately stuck its 7 heads out of the water, M. cut them all off; after that, the water flowed abundantly; while M. ate, the princess she took one of his sandals and brought it to his father; he told everyone to try it on: whoever suited was the victor of the snake; M. lived in a mosque, stabbed himself, a horse, a dog and a falcon; the king was told that the sandal was not tried on only by a lame man in a mosque; the king ordered him to try it on, gave him a daughter, handed over the throne, and became a vizier himself; he did not order to hunt in the side where the cannibal lives; M. chased the partridge and met her; she tied the horse, dog and falcon with horsehair, swallowed M. and his animals; A. saw that the fig had dried up, came to that spring, M.'s wife mistook him for her husband; A. went to the cannibal, told the horse to kick her in the face, the falcon to peck her eyes, the hound to tear her stomach, but carefully; A. invited the cannibal to start with the horse, which kicked her; swallowed fell out of her torn stomach; A. saw how alone a female tarantula killed another; A. accused her of killing her sister, but she took the grass and revived the victim; A. revived M. and his animals with the same grass; when the brothers returned to the palace, the festival lasted 7 days and 7 nights]: Rivière 1882, No. 2:193-199; Taos Amrush 1974 [younger brother Ahmed leaves home; kills jackal, lion, panther, shepherds give him sheep, cow, etc., he asks to leave the animal in the herd before returning; the seven-headed dragon does not allow it to approach the water; A. cuts off the heads, asks the Sultan's daughter; he offers to identify her among a hundred girls, the greyhound rushes to her; wedding; sultan warns of danger in the forest; M. goes to the forest, Ceriel swallowed him with a horse and a greyhound; at home, the tree has turned yellow, Mehand's older brother is going to save A.; shepherds mistake him for A., they say that animals they gave abundant offspring; M. kills C., takes out the corpses of A., a horse and a dog; sees a lizard kill another, revives with grass; M. revives those swallowed with the same grass; brothers and wife A. and herds return home]: 117-128; (cf. Algerian Berbers [two wives gave birth to a man on the same day; one died; the other does not know who is her son and who is the son of the other wife; old woman: pretend to be sick, let the young men tell them yours the son will be the first to come running; after that, his mother marked his burnus with henna and fed him well, but his stepson badly; he noticed henna, understood everything, planted two branches of poplar; if he was in trouble, his branch would wither; went on a journey; the branch withered, the brother goes in search; meets a woman asking her to tie the dog; but the young man on the alert killed the woman, ripped open her stomach, took out her dead brother; saw two playing female tarantula, one killed the other, and then brought weed and revived; the young man revived his brother with the same grass]: Basset 1897, No. 104:103-106); Berbers of Morocco, Arabs of Libya, Egypt: El- Shamy 2004, No. 303:107-109.
Southern Europe. The Basques [the fish asks her to let her go, the fisherman lets her go twice, does not agree to the third; she tells her to give her tail to the dog, the head of the mare, the torso to his wife; they give birth to three identical puppies, foals, sons; the elder kills the seven-headed serpent to whom the princess was given, cuts off his tongues, shows them when the coal burn attributes a feat to himself; after the wedding, he sees the castle, goes there, the old woman offers him eat, he turns into a monster; water boils at home - something has happened; the middle brother is coming, the princess takes him for her husband, the youngest is the princess is surprised that her husband asks for the third time castle; the old woman explains the mystery of the castle's mistress; the young man does not eat, makes the witch return to their former appearance; the witch is burned in the square, the older brother and wife receive her castle]: Webster 1879:88-94; Aragon [from a magic fish eaten or for another reason, two twin brothers, two horses, two dogs are born at the same time; one saves a princess sacrificed to a dragon; later finds himself in the witch's power in her castle or cave; the other brother realizes that the first trouble comes in his footsteps; the brother's wife does not understand that she is not in front of her husband, but his twin; the second brother saves the first, marries to a relative of the princess]: González Sanz 1996, No. 303:75; the Spaniards [the caught fish asks the fisherman to let her go for a year - it will grow big; in a year she tells her wife to feed her head, the front part the bodies of a mare, the back to a dog, bury the tail in the garden; everyone gave birth twice, and two swords grew in the garden; after the death of their parents, the brothers went on a journey; got lost in the forest, saw a house, with the owners daughter, one married her, the other went on; if the person left on his sword gets blood, then the one who has left is in trouble; the one who left married a princess; once noticed a castle in the distance; wife: this is a castle Go, don 't- you will come back; but the husband went; met an old woman, who gave drops for him, the horse and the dog, to take it before entering the castle; the next day, the remaining brother saw blood on his sword; went to rescue his brother; wife mistook him for her husband, but he put his sword on the bed between them; the old man also went to the castle to meet him: do not swallow those drops, demand others from the old woman, and when you get her, kill her; he set the dog against the witch, cut off her head, revived her brother and the rest of the petrified with an elixir; when he learned that her brother had slept with his wife, the lively one cut off his head; when he learned from his wife that a sword was lying on the bed, he revived the victim; The princess realized who her husband was and who was his brother]: Camarena, Chevalier 1995, No. 303:38-42; the Catalans [the fish caught tells the fisherman to let her wife eat part, part of the mare and part a dog; each gives birth to twins: boys, foals, puppies; two swords grow out of the ground; the first brother leaves with his horse, dog, sword; kills the dragon to whom the princess must be given, takes her as his wife ; comes to the castle, where he is turned into stone; another brother sees that the blood left in the bottle has changed color and goes in search; mistaken for the first, puts a sword next to him in bed with his wife; revives brother; they talk about what happened]: Oriol, Pujol 2008, No. 303:65-67; Portuguese [dozens of texts; after eating magic fish, a woman gives birth to twins, a dog gives birth to lions, and where some of the fish are buried, spears grow; brothers go to wander, disperse, leaving objects that can be used to learn about the owner's fate (a knife stuck in a tree will rust, etc.); the first brother goes to the Tower of No Return, a witch turns him into stone (kills) when he agrees to tie his lion to the witch's hair (the hair becomes an iron chain); another brother follows in his footsteps, he is mistaken for the first, he leaves a sword in bed between himself and the princess, his brother's wife; splashes him; the first thinks that the second one slept with his wife, kills him; when he learns the truth, he revives the witch with a potion; places his brother's head backwards]: Cardigos 2006, No. 303:60-62; Italians (Lombardy, Veneto, Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Campania, Lazio, Calabria, Puglia), Sicilians, Sardinians: Cirese, Serafini 1975 , No. 303:54-55; Italians: Basile 2018 (Naples) [Cienzo, the son of a wealthy merchant, got into a fight with the king's son and smashed his head; his father tells him to leave as soon as possible; went into an empty castle, was not afraid of three ghosts, treasures were in the cellar; but C. left them to the owner of the castle and went on; killed the robbers in the forest and freed the fairy; goes on, in the city of mourning: every day the seven-headed dragon is given to eating a man, now Princess Menekella's turn; C. attacked him, cut off his head, which grew; then he cut down all seven at once, carved out and took with him his tongues, and collected magic grass, which used the dragon; the man picked up the heads, brought it to the king, who put a crown on him; C. writes a letter to M., tells his dog to take it; C. receives the princess and forgives the deceiver; sees from the bedchamber window beautiful; comes to her, she has entangled him with her hair, he remains bound; C.'s younger brother, Meo, follows in his footsteps; his wife takes him for her husband, but he says that the doctor prescribed him abstinence; Seeing the girl in the window, M. also came to her, but his dog swallowed her, and the dog's hairs split C.; when he found out that M. was with his wife, C. cut off his head; learning from his wife how it was, C. He raised M.'s head with grass; everything is fine]: 101-114; Calvino 1980, No. 58 (Tuscany) [the fisherman has no children; he caught an extraordinary fish, which asked to let it go and sent it to the pond, where a huge catch was waiting for him; but the wife demands that this particular fish be brought to her; the same again; the third time the fisherman brought fish to his wife; she asks the fisherman's wife to eat her meat, the mare to drink the broth, the dog eat the head, three fins bury it in the garden and hang the gallbladder in the kitchen; children will be born and when they are in trouble, blood will trickle from the bladder; the wife gave birth to three boys, a mare to three foals, a dog to three puppies, from three swords grew up fins; when the brothers grew up, alone on their horse, with their dog and sword, went to seek happiness; in the city, the seven-headed dragon devours the girl every day, the princess's turn; the king promised her to be his savior as his wife; the young man cut off the dragon's heads, carved out his tongues, wrapped them in the princess's handkerchief, and went to the inn to change clothes; the coal miner picked up the heads, brought them to the king, and won to himself; when the young man came, he was not allowed in; he sent his dog to appear to the princess and pull off the tablecloth; so twice; the third time the young man tells the dog to bring the wedding audience to to him; the young man showed his tongues, hung the coal miner; the morning after the wedding, the young man went hunting in the forest; a thunderstorm began, he made a fire; the old woman asked permission to warm up, gave the young man, the dog, the horse food, grease the sword - everyone turned into stone; the second brother saw blood flowing from the fish bubble, followed his older brother's trail, mistook him; at night he put the sword in bed between himself and the princess; went hunting - also petrified; the third brother came, did not let himself be deceived, forced the old woman to get an ointment and revive the petrified ones; then the brothers chopped her into pieces; when they found out that the younger brothers had slept with him wife, the elder killed them; repented and revived the old woman with ointment; the king gave noble girls to his younger brothers]: 189-196; Widter et al. 1866, No. 8 (Veneto) [every year a many-headed dragon arrives, demands the girl; the princess's turn; the shepherd has three dogs - Forte, Potente and Ingegnoso; he kills the dragon, cuts off his tongues, promises to return in a year, month and day to marry the princess; the coal miner cut off dead dragon head, told the princess to say that he saved her; she asks her father to postpone the wedding for a year, month and day; the shepherd tells the dogs to get the keys, comes to the wedding, the princess recognizes him, marries a shepherd, a coal miner was executed; one day in the woods, the princess's husband went into an old woman's hut, she turned him into stone; his brother went in search; the princess mistook him for her husband, but he dodged from sharing a bed with her; heard a girl say to another: statues can be revived with the blood of an old woman; came to the old woman and as soon as she turned away, cut off her head, sprinkled the statues, they, in including his brother, came to life]: 128-132; the Maltese [the fisherman caught the magic fish, refuses to let it go; she tells him to divide it into three parts, let it be eaten by his wife, mare, dog; each gives birth to triplets; the first brother with his horse and dog goes on a journey, leaving the flower in the pot: if it withers, he is in trouble; the young man defeats enemies, gets a princess; the wife warns not to go to the witch, but he she goes, she offers him poison, the witch throws his body into the pit along with the corpses of a horse and a dog; the same with her second brother (his wife takes him for her husband); the third brother does not drink, makes the witch revive with live water ruined; the witch is killed; the first brother returns to his wife, the other two receive the witch's palace]: Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 303:46-48; Ladins: Uffer 1973, No. 24 [the fisherman could not catch anything for a long time; When she caught a fish, she told her wife to eat her heart, who would give birth to twins; the gills to a mare, the liver to a dog; they would give birth to two foals, puppies; the twins Jakob and Josep grew up, indistinguishable from each other, But their dogs and horses; when they went on a journey, they parted at the fork in the road, leaving their sword: if it rusts, the one who comes finds out that his brother is in captivity; Josep came to the inn; the hostess said that everyone is here in the evening, 24 robbers come; they do not want to break the door, they dig a dig into Josep's room, he took turns cutting off everyone's head; promises the hostess to return in a year and marry her; she gives a rod that will revive anyone if you hit them in the bones; Josep came to another inn, where there is also a hostess and three robbers; he splashed a hot punch into their eyes, killed them; he also promised to marry; came to a city where the dragon every 7 years demands a girl to be eaten; it's the princess's turn; Josep cuts off 3 heads then the remaining 4; carved out tongues, promised to return in a year; the royal servant attributed victory over the dragon himself; a year later Josep returned; the next day the princess's wedding with the imaginary winner of the dragon; Josep sent a letter with his dog to the princess; showed his tongues, and the deceiver only his heads; he was driven away, Josep married princess; sees a house through the window; the wife says she does not return from there; he goes, the old woman threw a bridle at him, turned him into a horse; tied his horse and dog; Jacob sees that the sword is rusted; comes to the hostesses of the first and second hotels, each mistaking him for Josep, but he says that he must be more tired; the princess takes him for her husband, he puts his sword in bed; in the morning she goes to that house; throws away the bridle, it ends up around the old woman's neck, she turns into a horse; Jacob threatens to kill her, the old woman returns her human form to the bewitched; when she learns that Jacob was in bed with his wife, Josep pushes him off a cliff with his horse and dog; after learning about the sword from his wife, he revives them with the rod given to him; everything is fine]: 93-100; Wildhaber, Uffer 1971, No. 57 [=Decurtins, Brunold-Bigler 2002, No. 22:74-76; the king put his two daughters in a fortress on the island so that no one would approach them; one man got in there, both sisters gave birth to a boy; asked for more food; and made clothes for the sons, taught to archery and swim; sent to the world; brothers broke up, promising to return in a year; whose golden sword would rust, so trouble; whoever went to the right killed the dragon that kidnapped the princess received her hand and throne; I met an old woman in the forest, she pretended to be looking for the lost ring; whipped the young man with a whip, turning him into stone; my brother saw rust, came to the same city, he was mistaken for the first young man; At night he put his sword between himself and his wife; went into the forest, made the witch tell him how to revive the petrified; she gave her whip, he revived the petrified ones to them; both brothers returned to the city]: 203-205.
Western Europe. Bretons: Luzel 1970 [a fisherman caught a fish, which ordered his wife to eat it, and giblets by a horse and a dog; a wife, a horse, a dog, each gave birth to twins; one brother went on a journey, telling another to watch the laurel; if the blow bleeds on him, then he died; he was hired by a groom in the castle, the owner's daughter fell in love with him, they got married; there is a forbidden part in the castle, the wife says that there are ferocious animals and reptiles; the husband enters there; the old woman ties the horse and dog with her hair, which turns into chains; the young man is pushed onto a mill wheel, he is ground into dust; the second brother sees blood, goes in search, his wife takes him for her husband; at night he puts a spear on the bed between them; enters the forbidden part of the castle; prevents the old woman from putting her hair on the horse and dog, her hair falls to the ground, turn into a serpent; he asked the old woman to show her how to lean towards the mill, threw her down himself; met a fox; when she found out that the witch was dead, she turned into a princess; she collected the remains of the first brother and now revived him with live water; his second brother married her]: 63-81; Orain 1904 [the fisherman has caught an eel, he asks him to let him go, gives the golden key to the treasury in the forest castle, tells no one speak; the wife said, the castle was gone; the fisherman caught the pike; she ordered it to be eaten, the wife would give birth to three sons with a star in her forehead, let the mare drink the fat, give birth to three foals; bury the bones in the garden, it will flow stream; if confused, the sons are in trouble; the eldest comes to the city where the seven-headed dragon demands sacrifice every night; the princess's turn; the young man fought the dragon for seven days, cutting off the head every day; stayed to rest; the coal miner showed his head, the king agreed to give him his daughter; the young man showed his dragon's tongues, received the princess and the throne, the coal miner was put in prison; going to look for the sorceress, the mistress the dragon, the young man met an old woman; she threw a grass rope at his horse and dog, dazzled the young man with powder, threw a rope at him, they could no longer move, remained tied to a tree; when they saw a muddy stream, the middle brother went to look for his elder; his wife mistook him for her husband, but he explained who he was; pierced the sorceress with a spear, but she turned into a giant and easily defeated him; the younger brother crept up to a sleeping giant, tied him with the same grass, received an ointment from him to revive the dead in exchange for allowing him to escape into the depths of the earth; three brothers returned to their father]: 111-137; French (Nièvre; same story Normandy, Lorraine, Poitou, Vendée, Gascony, etc.) [the wife of the poor miller sends her husband to fish behind the dam; he caught a little one, this is the king of fish, asks him to let go, for this she will give a lot of fish; so it happened, the miller sold a lot of fish; his wife reproaches him, that he let the fish king go; the miller caught him again; he tells his wife to eat him, his fins to the mare and dog; the wife will give birth to three boys with the sun on their foreheads, the mare three foals with the moon, and the dog will give birth to three boys with the sun on their foreheads, the mare three foals with the moon puppies with a star on their foreheads; the brothers have grown up, the eldest comes to a city where mourning: the girls are given to the seven-headed monster, the princess's turn; the young man kills the monster, receives a ring from the princess, cuts off and takes her tongues with her, promises to return in a year and day; three coal miners make her say that they killed the monster; a year and a day later there should be a wedding with one of them; a young man comes to the wedding, shows his tongues and a ring; the coal miners were burned alive; one day a young husband notices a castle in the distance, goes there; the witch gives hair to tie the dog, it turns into an iron chain; she leads the person who came to the bridge, pushes down; seeing a withered rose, the second brother sets off in search of the first; the princess takes him for her husband; he is the same as with his older brother; the good sorceress teaches the third not to let him bind with the dog's hair, let the witch go forward, make them give a reviving elixir; the young man revived everyone, forced the witch to leave the castle; the husband returned to the princess, she sees how all three brothers look alike]: Delarue 1957, No. 303:147-149; the French (Haute-Brittany, West 1879) [the fisherman caught fish with scales that sparkled like gold; fish: I am the king of fish, let go; the fisherman let go, immediately caught a lot of fish, but his wife advised the king to catch fish; the next day, the king of fish ordered his brain to be eaten by the fisherman's wife, three identical twin boys would be born; the scales should be buried in the corner of the garden, and three rose bushes would grow; if something happens to any of his sons, his bush will wither; the brothers grew up and learned that a seven-headed monster has appeared in some country; he is given girls and the turn of the king's daughter; the elder brother killed the monster and got the princess; sees a diamond-decorated castle from the window; without telling his wife, he took the dog and went to see what was there; towards the old woman; asked for permission to throw hair on the dog from yarn; it turned into an iron chain; the old woman led and the young man did not return; the middle brother saw a wilted bush, went in search; mistaken for the elder; the same with him; the younger brother sees two dried up bush; did not allow the dog to be put a thread on, threatened to let it on the old woman; she revived the petrified ones and removed the chains from the dogs; the brothers collected treasures, came to the elder's wife, who could not do them herself distinguish; feast]: Sébillot 1880, No. 18:124-130; walloons [the fisherman catches the king of fish three times and releases the king of fish twice; for his liberation, the king of fish gives a horse and then a dog; for the third time he orders cut it into pieces and give it one to the wife (pour la famille), the second to the dog, the third to the mare, and the fourth is left in the garden under the rose; the next morning the fisherman finds three dogs, three horses and three boys; or a swineherd Jean de Berneau has caught a fish that tells him to cut it into 4 pieces; they turn into a spear, a horse and two dogs; three boys have grown up and consistently leave home, each on their own horse and with their own a dog; if any of them are in trouble, the rose bush will wither; Jean saves the princess by killing the seven-headed dragon, marries her; in the evening after the wedding he sees some light from the window; it's a perfume castle; he goes there went and never returned; fell into the hands of robbers; Pierre goes in search of his brother with his two dogs; the king promises a reward for saving his son-in-law; Pierre saves Jean, who has returned to his wife, they have many children; Pierre lives in a castle]: Laport 1932, No. 303:41-42; Scots [a siren asks a fisherman for a son in exchange for a rich catch; he says he is childless; she gives three seeds each for his wife, a mare, a dog, and plant three seeds; they will give birth to three sons, foals, puppies; three trees will grow, if one of the brothers dies, the tree will dry up; since then the catch is rich, but when the eldest son is 3 years old, the father must send it to a siren; she extends the sentence twice, but at the age of 14, the young man tells him to make a sword for him, goes by himself; helps the dog, falcon and otter fairly divide the corpse of the sheep, they promise to help ; he hires to herd the king's cows, but the pasture is scarce, the cows are not milked, so the shepherd is not fed; the next time he came to the green pasture; the giant said it was his, wanted to eat it, but a dog ran, jumped on his back, the young man cut off the giant's head; next time the same with the second giant; the princess must be given to the three-headed monster; the young man goes with her three times to the lake, cuts him off on the head; each time the general attributes victory to himself; before the battle, the young man falls asleep every time, the princess wakes him up with one of her jewelry on him; the general is unable to pick up the severed heads, the princess marries the young man; his monster drags him into the lake, the princess buys him with her jewelry; the monster kidnaps the princess herself; the blacksmith replies that the monster's life is in the egg, in the trout, in a crow, in a white-footed fallow deer on the island; a dog, a falcon, an otter help catch them all, the monster returns the princess, dies; a castle nearby, from where they don't return; a young man goes, an old woman kills him; houses the tree has dried up; the same with the middle brother (the princess takes him for her husband, they are so similar); the youngest cuts down the old woman's head, but she picks her up, puts her back; the dog rushes at her, the younger brother kills her her own sword (or rod? Slachdan druidhach), he also revives brothers; older brother receives his father-in-law's throne]: Campbell 1890 (1), No. 4:72-85; Germans (Austria) [a grinder with two sons went to town; sent sons for food ; they saw the bird, caught it, brought it to its father, he saw an inscription on its head: the one who ate my head would find a bag of gold every day; the old man told the cook to cook the bird, left; the elder brother ate it, giving the youngest a head; the old man beat his sons, found out everything, began to find gold under the younger's pillow; the brothers left, hired a miller; the maid thinks they are throwing her gold; the brothers broke up, sticking knives into the oak tree; the elder Hans does not kill, takes a fox, wolf, bear as his companions; in the city every year they give the girl to the seven-headed dragon, the royal turn; G. kills him, cuts off his tongues, the princess gives he had a ring, a chain, a handkerchief; the servant cut off the head of G. who had slept, brought the dragon's heads, demanded a princess for himself; the fox brought the grass of life (it was given by a white deer); the bear first put his head backwards in advance, the fox had to bring a new blade of grass; a fox, a wolf, a bear bring the princess a ring, a chain, a handkerchief; everything is explained, G. marries a princess; sees a roe deer, chases, meets an old woman, she turns him and the animals into stones; the younger brother sees the elder's rusted knife, with him also a fox, a wolf and a bear; the princess takes him for her husband; he also sees a roe deer, chases, but cuts off the old woman's hands and legs, smears stones with ointment, animals tore the old woman to pieces; both brothers consider the princess their own, she chooses who killed the dragon]: Cerf 1992:193-203; Germans (Hessen) [the fisherman caught a huge fish, she tells her to let her go; the same the next evening; on the third, the fish tells her to eat its head to the mare, the tail to the dog, bury the bones in the garden, and eat the rest with his wife; the wife gave birth to three sons, the mare three foals, dogs - puppies, bones grew three flowers and their roots were three swords; the fisherman has always come back with a good catch ever since; the brothers grew up and went on a journey; everyone on the edge saw in a dream that they should break up; they will meet at the same place in a year and 6 weeks; the eldest came to the castle, the princess fell in love with him; after the wedding they went to the window, you could see a strong fire; princess: who is there he will go, give up his life; the young man went there, and when he approached, the witch touched him, the horse and the dog with a rod, and they petrified; the second brother arrived, he was mistaken for the first; the same with him; the third came and said who he was; the old woman began to talk to him; to spell his brothers, he must go through the castle to the mountain where the bird is sitting on a tree, bring it to her; predatory animals are behind attention there is no need to turn; the bird teaches: the old woman not to give it away; cut off a branch from the tree and not put it on the ground; collect a mug of tree sap; then tells her to moisten the stones with juice; the brothers have come to life, the bird turned into a prince - the brother of the older boy's wife; a feast; the princess's younger brothers and brother also found marriage partners; they all went to the parents of the young men and, if they did not come, they are still going]: Wolf 1845, No. 27:126-127, 134-140; Germans (Saxony, Halle) [the king's twin sons look like two drops of water; the eldest goes on a journey; came to the city where the knights gathered to the princess chose her husband; she saw a young man and fell in love; Knight Wolf defeated everyone and hoped to receive a princess and a crown; but after a three-hour fight, the young man pierced his heart with a sword; wedding; young king went hunting, chased a three-legged hare; he disappeared into the cave, and then an old woman came out of it; this is the mother of the Wolf Knight; hit the rider, the horse and the dog with a rod, turning them into stone; some say that it was the Wolf who turned into a three-legged hare; in the morning, the lily planted by the young man in the garden withered; the younger brother followed in the footsteps of the elder; he is mistaken for his older brother; at night he puts his sword together and princess; said he took a vow and then explain; also chased the three-legged hare; but managed to cut off the witch's hand; on pain of death, forced her to give an ointment that brought the petrified back to life; The brothers killed the witch; when they found out that his wife took his younger brother for him, his elder stabbed him, as well as his horse and dog; wife: it's good that the vow has expired and you will no longer put a sword in bed; lily at home the younger brother withered and the elder came to life; the elder returned to the forest and revived his younger brother, his horse and dog with ointment; a holiday; the younger prince returned to his parents a year later]: Sommer 1846, No. 7:113-121; Germans [the rich, unkind brother was a goldsmith, the poor man knitted a broom; he had two twin boys; the poor saw a golden bird, threw a stone, the golden pen fell, the jeweler brother gave a lot of money for it; Then the poor man found the bird's nest, brought an egg; then he knocked down the bird, sold it to his brother; he told his wife to fry it; whoever eats its heart and liver would have gold under his pillow in the morning; while the wife was away, The nephews ran in and ate the pieces that had fallen; the frightened wife fried her husband's heart and liver, and the boys found gold under the pillow in the morning; after learning about this, the rich brother advised the poor to take it boys into the forest - they contacted the devil; they were found, sheltered by a hunter, saved the morning gold; the brothers grew up and went on a journey; the hunter gave everyone gold, a gun and a dog; let them stick the knife on at a crossroads; if it rust, the other brother is in trouble; the brothers hunt, feel sorry for the animals, each gets a rabbit, fox, wolf cub, bear cub and lion cub; the brothers broke up, the youngest came to the city, where all the girls were given to be eaten by the dragon, the turn is royal; on Dragon Mountain, the young man sees three bowls: whoever drinks can get a sword from under the door threshold; the young man drank, became a strongman, took out a sword; cut off 7 The snake's heads, the beasts tore the body to shreds; the young man carved and hid dragon tongues; the queen gave him her handkerchief, divided the coral necklace between the animals, the lion got a gold lock; everyone fell asleep; The marshal cut off the hunter's head and took the princess away; she made it a condition for the wedding in a year and one day; the animals wanted to kill a hare that did not wake them up, but he promised to get a reviving root; first the lion put the young man's head backwards, then tore it off and put it right; he argued with the owner of the tavern that he would eat bread from the royal table; the queen recognized the hare, who brought the baker to tavern; the same with the fox (bring meat); the wolf brought vegetables, the bear sweet, the lion wine; after eating, the young man came with the animals to the castle and showed his tongues; the marshal was torn by four bulls, the young man became young king; chased a white deer in the forest; spent the night by the fire; the old woman asked to let her warm up and hit the animals with her twig; they petrified, the old woman touched the king with a twig; there are many such stones; the elder brother saw that the knife was rusted; the queen mistook him for her husband, but he put his sword on the bed; in the forest he knocked the old woman off the tree with a silver bullet; forced the petrified old woman to revive the brothers burned him in the fire; the forest became transparent and bright; when he learned that his brother was sleeping next to his wife, the king hacked him down, repented, the hare revived the uprooted man; the Queen identified her husband by a golden lock, who gave it to a lion; the king found out about the sword in bed]: Grimm, Grimm 2002, No. 60:212-227 (=Grimm, Grimm 1987:171-187); Germans (Schleswig-Holstein), Wallons, Dutch, Flemish, friezes: Uther 2004 (2), No. 303:183-185.
Western Asia. Palestinians, Syrian Arabs, Yemen: El-Shamy 2004, No. 303:107-109.
South Asia. Baiga [sadhu promises both wives a raja a son if the Raja gives one to him; wives eat mangoes, give birth; first the raja sends the adopted young man; the sadhu threatens to kill both sons; when The real son of the Raja comes to the sadhu, the severed heads in his house advise the young man to answer every offer from the owner with a request to do everything himself; the young man cuts off the head of the sadhu; on the way home he saves cubs, the tigress gives him one; kills a snake that eats the chicks of the Rai Gidal bird nightly, which gives him one; he marries a princess; chasing a deer together; killing a snake that devours nightly birds ask them to do it themselves; with a tiger cub, a bird falls into a hole, breaks; his brother is indistinguishable from him, comes to the Raja, puts his sword between himself and his brother's wife at night; throwing it into the hole a severed little finger revives the dead; thinking that the second brother slept with his wife, the first kills him; learns the truth from his wife, she revives her second brother with live water]: Elwin 1944, No. 8:34-36; (cf. Sinhalese [the village chief took seven wives, they are childless; took the eighth - the same; took her back to her parents; the sannyashi promises to make a woman fertile with the condition of giving him her first child; the boy grew up ; leaving the sanyashi, he planted a tree - if the flowers dry up, he died; the man warned the young man: when the sanyashi gave him the end of the thread, it must be tied to the tree; the sanyashi held out a thread from the treasure to the young man, he bandaged her; yaksha guard: where is my victim; sanyashi: at the end of the thread; yaksha saw only a tree, killed a sannyasi; the young man took the treasure, got married; the wife thought he was too handsome and decided to destroy it; after giving birth son, demands milk from an elephant, a bear, a vulture; the young man turns to the cubs, each brings milk to his mother; the wife sent to defeat the yakshini, who killed the young man; the tree has dried up, the young man's younger brother went in search; he defeated the Yakshini, who revived the young man; with his son he comes to the Rakshas, they did not eat them; and then they drowned in the lake]: Volkhonsky, Solntseva 1985, No. 133:318-321).
The Balkans. Montenegrins [eel tells the fisherman to cut it into 4 parts, let his wife, mare, dog eat it, bury it; two sons, horses, dogs are born, two sabers appear; the first brother leaves, leaving bottle; marries; goes to a mountain of fire, becomes stony; the water in the bottle is cloudy; the second goes in search, his wife and father-in-law take him for the first; threatening to kill a sorceress, forces her to release her brother; revive petrified people with witch grass]: Karadzich 1856 in Golenishchev-Kutuzov 1991:26-28, in Dmitriev, Volkonsky 1956:81-84, in Eschker 1992, No. 14:76-80; Greeks: Legrand 1881 [fisherman can't do anything catch, catch only one red fish; asks to let it go, promises a rich catch; the fisherman is rich; women advise his wife to find out the reason for the wealth; the fisherman tells her; women advise ask the fisherman to bring it the fish itself; she teaches the fisherman to divide it into four parts and give it to his wife, mare, dog, and bury the fourth in the garden; two boys, foals, puppies were born, and two cypresses grew up; the elder went on a journey - if the cypress dries up, he is in trouble; the king has a sleepwalker daughter; the young man frightened her, threatening to die, and she is cured; the king tells all men to come to determine savior; the princess threw the apple to the young man; the king wants to give him his daughter, but the young man asks for permission to wander around the world first; comes to a city where the monster has closed the water sources, gives for the girls which are given to him; the princess's turn; the young man killed the monster, cut off and took 7 languages with him; the coal miner found the monster's head and attributed victory to himself; the young man showed his tongues; wedding, the coal miner expelled; in the far In the corner of the palace, a young man met an old woman; she turned it into a statue, like many others; the brother found out, came, his dog tore the old woman; found living water among her property and revived the petrified ones; they made him king; brother returned to his wife, whose father had already died and also became king]: 161-176; Megas 1978, No. 21 [the old woman advises the fisherman's childless wife to catch a goldfish, divide into 6 parts, eat 2 with her husband, give 2 to a dog, 2 to a mare, 2 to bury; two brothers, two puppies, two foals are born, two cypresses grow up; the first brother comes to marry the princess; her father orders to demolish a giant stump (the princess wraps her sword with her hair), gallop without splashing water (gives a ring, it freezes water), defeat the black man; the black man is the princess, she tells her horse to hit between her ears; having received the princess, the young man leaves for a while; kills the monster that gave water in exchange for the girls, it was the turn of the local princess; the old woman asks for permission to touch the young man's dog with a rod, turns the dog and the young man into marble; the cypress has withered; the brother arrives, he is mistaken for the first young man; he tells the dog to grab the witch, forcing him to show his witchcraft; revives the brother, the dog swallows the witch; the first brother gets the first princess, second saved from a monster]: 37-42; Bulgarians [twin brothers expelled by stepmother; learn to hunt, get helper animals: hares, lions, bears, foxes; or brothers are born after when their mother has eaten a fish or an apple; at the same time a mare gives birth to two foals and a dog gives birth to two puppies; before parting, brothers leave a knife under a tree or stone: if it rusts, the owner in trouble; the first brother marries a princess (who saves from lamia); when he goes to the Forbidden Mountain, the witch turns him and his animals into stones; the second brother, seeing rust on the knife, goes to look first; his wife takes him for her husband; at night he puts his sword on the bed; makes the sorceress revive the petrified; when he learns that his second brother slept with his wife, the first kills him, but when he learns about the sword, revives with live water]: Daskalova-Perkovska et al. 1994, No. 303:105-106; Bosnians [a childless man has gone to wander; the person he meets gave him an apple; the peel must be given to the mare and dog, and the rest eat in half with his wife; the wife gave birth to twin boys, a mare of two foals, a dog of two puppies; when the parents died, the brothers each took their horse and dog and went to the world; at the fork there is an inscription: Whoever walks along the upper road for five years will not see the world, and those who walk on the left road for three years; whoever walks along the upper road has come to the lake, on the pole there is an inscription: if you enter the water, you will regret it, and if you do not enter, you will also regret it; he entered; after that, he himself, the horse and the dog turned gold; the young man stayed with the king, saw him, fell in love, the young man married her; after the wedding he went hunting; chased the deer, drove to the castle; the girl in the castle offers to play checkers: if the young man wins, he will get a deer, and if she gets his dog; he won, but suddenly someone sang, he turned around, the girl changed the checkers and won; then he lost his horse and himself, was thrown into prison; the other brother also drove across that lake, he was mistaken for the first; he is cold with the princess, he also went hunting in the morning, ended up in the same castle, does not take him away from eye boards, played his brother's dog and horse, himself and the girlfriend herself; on the way home I wanted to kill my brother out of jealousy, but the girl did not allow it; at home I found out that his wife was faithful; the second brother married that girl]: Wratislaw 1890, No. 46:246-251; Albanians [the husband is fishing, she says that another one is for him; the other tells him to cut it, bury two pieces (two of them have grown), give two a mare, a dog, a wife; they gave birth to two foals, lions, boys; the elder goes to take the Beauty of the Earth, her mother turns him, his horse and lion into boulders, the cypress dries up; the youngest comes to the Beauty of the Earth; tells her lion to grab an old woman; she is forced to show bottles of white water (turn stone again into a person or animal) and red water (revive); everyone comes to life, the cypress turns green, the beauty of the earth is the elder brother leads his wife]: Serkova 1989:125-127 (=Meyer 1884, No. 4:105-108); Slovenes, Hungarians, Romanians: Uther 2004 (2), No. 303:183-185.
Central Europe. Slovaks [the widow's two sons look like drops of water; they have grown up and are preparing to go on a journey; the mother asks to go hunting and fetch meat; they hunt three times but find no game; instead they give bacon and bread to a couple of wolves, bears, lions; they bring them home; muzzles appear on the faces of predators; the brothers broke up at the linden tree, stabbing it with a knife; from which blood will flow, so trouble; the elder comes to a city where a fire-breathing 12-headed serpent demands a girl to eat every day, otherwise he does not allow her to go to the well; the princess's turn; her savior will receive her; the young man, with the help of his animals, cut off the snake's heads, but they grew again until the lion tore his neck; the young man cut off his tongues, came to the princess, she gave him half the ring; when he fell asleep, the coachman ran up, cut off the young man's head, forced the princess call him savior; the lion tells the wolf to run to the serpent, which is just about to revive another one crushed by a wagon with grass; but the wolf came across the wagon himself, frightened the people; then the lion sent a bear he took the snake's potion, the young man came to life, but his head was put backwards; the bear tore off his head again and put it right; when the young man came to town, they were preparing the princess's wedding with the coachman; the young man sent a letter and half of the ring to the princess and the bear; the princess sent back food, wine and her half of the ring, half grew together; the young man showed snake tongues; the coachman was given to the beasts to pieces; one day a young man saw an enchanted yellow forest from the window; a fox appeared, the young man chased her, found himself in a dark forest; began to fry bacon; an old woman on the tree, screaming that she was cold, gave her wand to touch her wand to the animals, otherwise she is afraid of them; the animals are petrified; the old woman began to fry the frog, not bacon; touched the young man with a stick, he was also petrified; the younger brother saw blood on the knife, went in search of the elder; his wife mistook him for her husband, but at night he put a sword between them; he did not touch the animals with an old woman's wand, but let them put them on her; made him give him a golden stick to revive his brother's animals and the ointment to revive him himself; then the beasts tore the old woman to pieces; first the elder brother's beasts became knights, then they killed their younger brother's animals, and they also became knights; they were six brothers, quarreled, for it became predators; the older brother returned to his wife, and the youngest with six knights came to their domain and became king there]: Dobšinský 1970:3-10 (translated to Bogatyrev 1955:37-47); Czechs [beggar since 7 asks for alms with children; the queen cries: she is childless; the beggar tells me to catch fish, cook and eat, give the leftovers to a mare, a dog, whatever they cannot eat, bury it in the garden; the queen gave birth to two sons a mare - two foals, a dog - two puppies, two rods grew up in the garden; the brothers grew up quickly, sat on their horses, each took their dog, parted by the oak tree with a knife stuck in it; the eldest comes to the city where a girl is eaten by a dragon every year is royal's turn; whoever saves her will receive her hand and half the kingdom; a young man, with the help of a horse and a dog, killed a dragon, got a queen; once he noticed the light in the forest; contrary to his wife's warning, I went there, an old woman came to the fire, buttoned the man, horse and dog with a twig, they were petrified; the younger brother sees that the knife is rusted, is going in search, the elder's wife takes him for her husband, he puts his sword on the bed, snatches a twig from the old woman's hands, forced her to revive the petrified ones, cut off her head; the old woman has become beautiful: she is the queen of this country, and the young man takes off spell; younger brother married her, elder brother returned to his wife]: Erben in Lifshitz-Artemyeva 2017:156-165; Poles: Krzyżanowski 1962, No. 300 [after eating fish or apple (swallowing a pearl while drinking water), an infertile woman gives birth to a son or twins; also: after eating the same food, a mistress and a maid conceive and give birth at the same time; a woman gives birth to two sons, a mare of two foals, a dog of two puppies; brothers ( or the mistress's son and the maid's son) go on a journey; after leaving, they leave signs (stick knives in, etc.) to tell if they are in trouble; one of the young men, with the help of his animals kill the dragon, carves out tongues, promises to return in a year and day; the impostor takes victory for himself; the hero (after his animals revive him with living water) returns when it happens wedding, presents royal tongues or gifts, marries her; the impostor is executed; the hero meets a sorceress, turned into stone by her; brother sees blood on a knife (or other sign), goes to the rescue; royal takes him for her husband, but he puts his sword between her and him on the bed; kills a sorceress, revives his brother and his animals]: 81; Shcherbakov 1980 [fisherman caught a fish with a silver tail and gills; fish: let go, your happiness is ahead; the same with gold; with diamond ones; she tells you to cut it, give it a piece to your wife, mare and female; bury it in the garden along the rib, three oaks will grow; the wife will give birth to three sons, the mare to three foals, female - three puppies; all twins are similar to each other; the eldest comes to the city, where the dragon demands a person a day, the turn is royal; the young man cut off 12 heads of the dragon, cut off and hid the sting; the horse and the dog helped; the young man left, the forester told him that he was the winner of the dragon; the young man returned after a year and 6 weeks; the impostor was preparing a wedding; the young man sent his dog with a letter to the queen; at a feast stings; the forester was torn apart by four horses; on the first night the young man put a sword between himself and his wife; slept with her on the second night; went to the forest; an old woman came to the fire to warm up; gave a twig to whip a dog, they are all petrified; at home one oak has dried up; the middle brother, mistaken for the elder, goes, puts a broadsword on the bed; the same with him; the youngest goes; also puts a sword on bed; chases a deer with golden horns; sleeps in the woods; an old woman comes; a young man grabs her, makes her younger brother revive with grass; both brothers force her middle brother to revive; brothers chop the old woman, the pieces grow back; brothers tell the dogs pieces bury; the forest turned into a city with people; the Queen recognized her husband's older brother; the narrator was shot at the ball with a cannon]: 93-104; Russians (Arkhangelskaya, Olonetskaya, Murmansk, Pskov, Vologda, Vladimir, Moscow, Tula, Voronezh, Kursk), Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Ugric Russia, Transcarpathia, Galicia, Yekaterinoslavskaya), Belarusians [Two brothers: twin brothers are born wonderfully; one saves the princess from the snake; the witch turns him and her animal helpers into stones; the other takes away her magic twig and revives these stones; {this definition is not includes a meeting between the second brother and the first's wife, but in the texts we know this episode is present}]: SUS 1979, No. 303:108-109; Belarusians [the princess got drunk in the crystal garden and became pregnant, gave birth to twins named Avdon Avdonovich and Vadavon Vadavonovich; all horses bend under them; the old man shows the king where the horses are for twins; at the crossroads, a pole with the inscription: if you go to the right, You will be married, to the left you will be killed; AA went to the right, and the stronger BB went to the left; AA married the king's daughter; BB began to live with an old woman, with him a tiger and a lion; the old woman says that the three-headed serpent ordered the king to bring his daughter to the seashore; BB went there, the serpent got out of the sea, BB cut off his heads; next time a 6-headed serpent; his heads grow back; BB told the princess to throw sand, but snakes threw it away with his tail; the old woman woke up and saw that the water in the glass left behind was stained with blood; released the tiger and the lion, who came and began to tear their severed heads; BB married the princess, the king died, BB became king; flame can be seen in the forest; the wife says that they do not return from there; in the forest, the old woman touched her key, turned the lion and the tiger into a hummock, the BB into a stump, the horse into an eversion; AA drove up to the pole, sees that the knife is rusted, he also has a tiger and a lion; AA tells the princess that he is not her husband, but her husband's brother; his tiger and lion tore the old woman, revived everyone with her AA key; both brothers began to reign]: Vasilenok et al. 1958:143-147; Ukrainians [princess fell ill; caught, fried loin fish, let her eat; she ate one, recovered, but became pregnant; the cook ate all the fish, also became pregnant; born the babies were taken to the forest, found them, raised by a clerk; they grew up, went to look for happiness, their names are Ivan Tsarevich (IC) and Ivan-Kukharevich (IK), he is stronger because the cook ate more magic loins; crossroads inscription: whoever goes to the right will become a tsar's son-in-law; whoever goes to the left devours snakes there and does not give water, and such dew that a drop falls on will tear him apart; IC and IC parted, sticking them into a pole a knife; with each lion cub, bear cub, wolf cub given by a lioness, a bear and a she-wolf; IK went to the left, his mare had enough dew, it was torn; they come to the city, there is a pole where they put up given to be eaten by a snake, then he gives water; IK killed a snake, took the princess's ring; another hero took the victory for himself; at the wedding, IK showed a ring, married a princess, hanged the hero; once IK I went into the forest, there was a hut, her mother was a snake, asked her not to kill, waved a towel, IK and the animals were petrified; the IC sees blood on the knife, follows the trail of IC; the princess takes him for her husband, but he denies; she calls him brother; the IC grabbed the snake, ordered the petrified to be revived; it leads to the well, the IC throws a branch at it, it turned to ashes; the same in the other; in the third it turned green; the IC sprinkled with live water petrified, the snake was killed, the ashes were scattered]: Pankeev 1992:193-196; Russians (Teresky Bereg) [brothers Turya and Basantiy; stepmother tells her husband to slaughter them; a worker stabbed a ram, brought blood, stepmother she drank and pretended to be well; when they parted, the brothers stuck knives into the stump: whoever rusted was in trouble; both were elected kings: when they chose, their candles lit up brightly; when T. was not at home, B. came, his wife mistook him for her husband, but he did not lie down with her; "the stepmother sniffed that they were working as kings," decided to live out of the light; B. (he is younger) went hunting; the stepmother asked to go to the tent, froze, was afraid of the dog and the horse, gave a whip, B. hit the dog and horse with them, which turned into stone; stepmother hugo hit, he also petrified; T. saw that the knife had rusted; let a dog on his stepmother, she took the whip, T. forced his stepmother to revive the petrified ones; the brothers shot her; went to their wives, then to their father]: Balashov 1970, No. 32:104-109; Russians (Arkhangelskaya) [the tsar orders to kill the child if a girl is born; the queen gives birth to a daughter, hides it, giving a nanny; when she reaches the age of 17, the girl asks for permission to walk around the yard, drinks twice from the well, becomes pregnant, gives birth to two boys; these are Fedor Vodovich and Ivan Vodovich; they grow up, go on a journey; at the fork there is a stone with the inscription: one way - walk with red girls, the other - not to be alive; EVE goes to where the girls are, PV goes where death is; comes to the city, stays with her grandmother's backyard; she says that it's time to give the snake the eldest of the king's three daughters; PV tells the princess look in his head, falls asleep, wakes up from her tear, cuts off the heads of a three-headed snake, leaves; the cow shepherd makes the princess say that he is the savior; the same with the middle (six-headed) and younger princess (nine-headed serpent); the youngest gives PV her ring; encircling the guests with a spell at the wedding, the princess sees him; all three princesses tell the truth, three shepherds were shot at the gate, PV received the youngest the princess and half the kingdom; PV sees a bird, runs after it, gets to Baba Yaga, who turns it into stone; Eve comes to the stone, it says that his brother is dead, he goes to look for him; he is mistaken for PV; he she goes after the bird, turns Baba Yaga herself into stone; slaughters a horse, hides in giblets, grabs a crow, promises to let go if her mother brings him living water; she brings, Eve kills a crow, revives, lets go; revives PV; they cannot be distinguished; PV stays with his wife, Eve returns to his mother]: Onchukov 1906:16-23; Russians (Arkhangelskaya, Mezen, d. Desert, 1927) [An old man and an old woman have two sons. When there was nothing to eat, the old man took them to the forest to feed themselves. The sons got lost, met the hunter, who took them to his place. When the hunter grew old, he decided to send his adopters "for their fate." Hunter: Shoot a goose with one arrow from each corner, I'll bake pies out of a goose, give you a knife, you stick it in a tree at the crossroads, whichever side rusts, that brother dies. After bringing a goose, the brothers went hunting. They caught a hare and he gave them two bunnies instead. After that, a fox was caught, and she gave her two foxes instead. It was the same with the wolf, the bear and the lion. After hunting, they reached the crossroads and stuck a knife in it. The eldest (S.) went to the left, the youngest (M.) to the right, each accompanied by his animals. M. came to the city, where there is mourning, a seven-headed serpent kidnapped girls, and they are going to take the queen to him. M. drank three kegs of wine, beer and vodka and felt strong. M. told the Queen to go to church and pray for his victory. A serpent flew in, M. (=Ivan), with the help of his animals, defeated him, cut off his heads and tongues, wrapped him in the queen's handkerchief, put him in his pocket, and ordered the queen to protect his sleep. She first watched, then wanted to sleep and asked the lion to watch, then the bear, and so it was the turn of the hare, which also fell asleep. Then a courtier came and watched from the palace, cut off M.'s head, and, under threat of death, ordered the Queen to marry him and declare him savior. The Queen has scheduled her wedding in a year. The animals that woke up wanted to tear the hare to pieces, but he volunteered to revive M. and did it with a wonderful "waste". A year later, M. came to the same city to visit the old man who spoke about the reason for the mourning. Now the city was getting ready for the wedding. M. sent a hare to the Queen for vodka, a fox for beer, a bear for a snack, and a lion for food. The bear destroyed three regiments of court soldiers, and the lion destroyed the rest of the soldiers. The king sent a servant to M., M. asked for a royal dress, carriage, horses, and came to the palace, showing his tongues. The courtier was shot, and M. married the Queen. After a while he got bored and wanted to visit S. I returned to the intersection, met a deer there, chased him and drove him until night. He lit a fire and saw a woman screaming at the spruce tree, she refused to go down, afraid of animals. The woman threw off her bars so that M. would hit the animals with them and they became stone. M. did so. Then the woman came down, hit M. herself with a rod, and he became a stone. C. I also got bored and went to look for M. Driving through the intersection, I noticed that one side of the knife was rusted. I came to see his wife M., she mistook him for her husband, he lived with her for 2 days and went to look for his brother. At the crossroads of S. He also chased the deer, drove until night, cut down the fire and saw his grandmother screaming at the spruce tree. She also refused to get off because she was afraid of his animals and offered to hit them with a rod. S. hit the hare with a rod, it became stone, S. noticed many of the same stones and guessed everything. He threatened his grandmother, who was the mother of a seven-headed serpent, that she would shoot her, and she disgraced M. and his animals. Her brothers shot her and brought the corpse to the city on their horses]: Karnaukhova 2008, No. 133:301-306; Russians (Vologda) [the tsar has a beautiful daughter; he put her in a tower so as not to be stolen; she asked let her go to the garden, found an egg, ate it in half with her nanny, both became pregnant, Ivan Tsarevich and Fedor Nyankin were born, grew up quickly, went on a journey; at the fork there is an inscription: to the right - you'll break your head, to the left - drink, take a walk, have fun; I. went right, F. to the left; they swapped rings, if the ring turned black - trouble; there was a bowl left on the growth, if there was blood in it, one of them died; I. Tsarevich came to the shack; old woman: every night the girl is brought to be eaten by a sea monster, the boyar, princely and royal daughters are left; I. tells the old woman to wake him up in the evening, let the horse go, if he will begin to worry; they brought a boyar's daughter; "who sings, who plays, who roars"; at midnight, a sea monster rides on horseback about three heads; I. "the field blew", three heads flew off; the next night they brought the princely daughter - the same (six heads); on the third night they brought the princess, the monster has 12 heads, the old woman is sleeping, the horse is beating; the monster threw I.; I. threw his left boot into the old woman's house, then his right boot, the house rolled, the horse escaped; I. jumped on his horse, "blew out the field", demolished the monster's head, took the princess's handkerchief, restored the old woman's hut; the vagrants told the king that they killed the monsters, the king did not believe it; I. showed a handkerchief; wedding; before they fell asleep, Baba Yaga rides (she drives every day, eats a bull, eats a cow); I. chased her, she asked for permission to "weave the horse's eyes", the horse disappeared, I. returned on foot; the next time I. allowed him to weave his eye himself, died; F.'s ring turned black, blood in the bowl; he came to that kingdom, his mistaken for I., put him in bed with his wife M.; when Baba Yaga appeared, the princess replies: "As if you don't know, I was chasing baba yaga for two days"; F. caught up with Baba Yaga, forced him to bring her alive and dead water, revive I. and his horse; having learned that F. slept with his wife, I. in redemption demands that F. travel "far away, far away seas, to the kingdom of far away to the princess for an egg"; F. comes to Baba Yaga, who gives a letter to her sister, her sister gives a letter to her older sister; the elder teaches: the princess is in the kingdom behind the wall, there are strings and bells on the wall, everyone is sleeping in the afternoon, you have to jump over the wall take the egg, soak the hat in the well to the left; F. took the egg, kissed the princess, the strings rang; F. jumps from one baba yaga to another, left the chase; a year later that queen came by ship with her son; F. first he sent the drunk, the son asks if it is his father, treats him with a belt on the back; then F. came; princess: I will treat this myself; wedding]: Gura 1965, No. 17:226-229; Kuzmina 2008, No. 36 [the poor brother has two sons 7 and 8 years old, and the rich man is childless; the poor shot an unusual bird; the rich offered to buy it, the poor gave it so; the rich told his wife to cook, and the heart, liver and lungs separately; nephews accidentally came in and ate; the rich man's wife replaced him with cockles; the rich man did not find gold under his pillow in the morning, but the nephews found them; the rich tells the poor that his children are evil spirits; the poor did not kill them, but left them in the forest; they were picked up by a hunter, they lived with him until the age of 18; then left; did not kill a hare, a fox, a she-wolf, a bear, a lioness; each gave them her two cubs; at the fork, the eldest went to the left and the youngest to the right; the eldest came to the city, there is mourning: the 12-headed serpent takes the king's daughter; the boy cut off the snake's heads, cut out his tongues, wrapped it in a handkerchief, the princess gave him her necklace; the servant cut off the sleeping man's head, made the princess say that he was the savior; the hare ran away for a reviving root, the animals revived the owner; he sent a letter to the princess with the hares; came to the wedding feast, showed the necklace princesses and snake tongues; the deceiver groom was shot; once the elder brother went hunting; the old woman in the tree: cold; afraid of animals; gave him a rod; after that he and the animals were petrified; the younger brother sees that the elder's dagger has rusted; follows in his footsteps; realizing that he is mistaken for his older brother, refuses to lie down with the princess, citing fatigue; he did not take the rod, forced the old woman to revive the petrified ones, then the animals tore her apart; when he learned that the princess had the youngest, the eldest, her husband, cut off his brother's head; repented; revived his brother with the root with which he was revived; the wife only found out by the necklace who her husband was; I was there was, I drank honey beer, but did not get into my mouth]: 79-86; Russians (Voronezh) [an elderly priest's daughter drinks two bottles from a well, after 40 hours she gives birth to twins: Ivan and Fedor Vodychey; in three weeks they grow up, go hunting, want to shoot a hare, fox, wolf, bear, lion, tiger, falcon, etc., but the animals ask for mercy, promise that they will be useful to their brothers; after 12 days, the brothers again they go hunting, gather animals, draw lots at the crossroads: Ivan walks along the road where "death will be", Mikhail, where to "be rich"; brothers share animals and guns, agree that they will come to help out each other; if one gun turns black, then the other brother is dead; Ivan enters a pub in the field, finds out that Serpent Gorynych eats all people in the kingdom, that today it is the turn of the king's eldest daughter; sends to the tower, where she is waiting for the Snake; the Serpent arrives, asks whether Ivan has come to put up or fight; opponents fight on the bridge, in 2 blows Ivan cuts down three heads, buries bones, gets from the princess a personalized handkerchief; the princess sees a gypsy Chugunkin, finds out how she escaped, makes her imagine him as a savior; the same with her middle daughter; on the third day Ivan asks for a kisser with whom he stayed, release the animals when the water in the glass boils; comes to his youngest daughter, asks him to look in his head, hangs a three-pound stone above him on a rope, orders him to cut down the rope if He will not wake up when the Snake appears; the princess cannot wake Ivan up, she feels sorry to cut the rope, she cries, a tear wakes up a good man; with three blows he cuts off the Snake's 6 heads, he waves his tail, new ones grow three times heads, he grabs Ivan's hand in his mouth; the kisser wakes up (the glass splits from boiling water, the fragment falls into the kisser's face), sees that the water in the glass is boiling, releases animals because of Twelve doors (6 have already been gnawed), they tear the Snake apart; the younger princess bandages Ivan's hand with her towel, gives her personalized ring, he hides the Snake's bones under a stone; Ivan returns to the pub, drinks vodka, orders the kisser not to sell vodka to anyone; the princess meets Chugunkin a gypsy, he forces him to present him as a savior and marry him; the king is preparing for his daughter's wedding, but cannot buy The kisser has vodka, he says that he "has his own king" (Ivan), the royal daughters know who they are talking about; the tsar goes for Ivan, but he sleeps, the royal daughters recognize their savior, see towel, handkerchief and rings; they bring a "gun" (military and wind musical instruments), "hit it", well done; he wakes up; finds out that they have come to him for vodka for Chugunkin Gypsy's wedding, asks the gypsy cannot lift the stone under which the Serpent's bones lie. Ivan picks up, throws the gypsy to the bones, covers it with a stone; marries the youngest princess, after a while goes hunting with his animals, catches and releases the golden hare (he chases all day after the golden hare, wanders, loses her way, spends the night in the forest; an old woman comes up to him, asks him to tie the animals, because he is afraid of them, he ties him and the animals into stones; the old woman turns out to be a mother The snake, the "sorceress berry"; Mikhail Vodovich sees that his sword has turned black, follows his brother, the kisser, the tsar and the princess take him for Ivan; he goes hunting, meets the same old woman, she gives a belt and asks Mikhail to hunt him; he throws his belt into the fire, the yaga witch rushes at him, the lion and bear stop her; she brings Mikhail to his petrified brother, he takes it from the old woman a bubble, sprinkles animals, they come to life; then he digs up his brother, the animals lick his wounds, on the advice of an old woman, catches magpie, tears it up and sprinkles it with Ivan's blood, he comes to life; the old woman kills, buries it ; Mikhail Vodovich boasts that he was mistaken for a brother in the kingdom, that he spent the night with the younger princess; Ivan is jealous, cuts off his brother's head; when he returns, he learns from the princess that his brother cried all night and is not with her He talked, regrets what he did, digs up his brother, revives him; orders the falcon to catch the crow, but he persuades him to spare him and in return brings an oak apple, from the juice of which Mikhail comes to life; marries an elder princess, each brother gets his own state]: Baryshnikova 2007, No. 1:31-42; Russians (Kursk, Valuisky District) [A rich brother does not love his poor brother's family, but his wife He loves his nephews and feeds them secretly. A poor brother kills a firebird in the forest, his children show feathers to his rich brother, who tells the ass who demands to cook this bird for him. It is accidentally eaten by poor children, the wife of a rich brother changes poultry for chicken, puts in the heart and liver of a firebird. The rich brother eats, the ass says that the bird was eaten by dogs. Pop wants to cook dogs for him. On the pillows of poor children, the mother finds money, thinks they are stealing from a rich uncle. The poor brother tells the rich man about what happened, who tells his ass. Pop reports that the children have been possessed by a demon and must be killed. The father takes the children to the forest and leaves them there, they come to the dugout and stay with the old mistress, her husband adopts them and teaches them science. In 20 years, he wants to test his brothers, asks them to be among the first and last bird in a flying pack, gives them a gun and a silver dagger - in case of parting, the rust on the blade will indicate that An accident happened to one of them. The brothers bury their grandfather, go hunting, animals ask for mercy and give their brothers their children - bunnies, foxes, cubs, lion cubs, etc. The brothers break up and leave a silver dagger in the oak tree at the crossroads. The first brother finds himself in a city (not allowed in immediately), cleaned with black cloth; tomorrow the princess must be given a 5-headed snake. The hunter surprises the whole city with his wealth (he orders an expensive lunch). In the morning, he sees the princess on the mountain, cuts off the snake's heads with a sword, and the animals help defeat the enemy. He hides the serpent's tongues, the princess gives him a handkerchief and ties ribbons to the animals. The hunter asks her to look after the animals and falls asleep. The butler cuts off the hunter's head, makes the princess recognize him as the snake as the winner in order to marry her and get half the kingdom. The animals find that their owner is dead, they blame the hare for death, he brings grass from the forest, chews it, lubricates the hunter's neck with it, and he comes to life. The hunter sees that the city is decorated with red cloth, learns about the princess's wedding (a year has passed) and remembers her. He writes her a note, she invites him to a feast, explains to the king that his animals are scientists. He asks for royal clothes and a carriage, she sends them. The hunter invites you to look at the snake's heads at a feast, shows the missing tongues, and proves that he is the true savior. The butler is executed, the princess is married to a hunter, and he becomes king. His wife doesn't let him hunt, he falls ill, she agrees. In the forest, he chases white deer, finding himself in an impassable thicket. She sees an old woman, a snake's mother, on the edge of a tree, asks her to go down, she says she is afraid of animals, gives him a twig. He hits animals with them, they become stony, the old woman hits them and turns them into stone. The Queen decides that her husband is missing and falls ill. The second brother lives unhappily and wants to find his brother, sees a rusted knife in an oak tree, and goes to the state where he is mistaken for a king. He finds out what happened to his brother, goes hunting in his footsteps, chases a deer, meets an old woman, shoots her, makes her brother and animals revive. She does it, he kills and burns it, blows ash down the wind. The brothers go to the queen from both sides, and she recognizes her husband by the ribbons tied to his hunt. The brothers have a feast, the second brother gets married]: Aristov, Pavlov 1939:76-84.
Caucasus - Asia Minor. Abkhazians (western 1933) [In winter, the princess sees two apples on the apple tree; she knocked down both, one was carried away by the river; the princess ate the first apple in half with her husband, the second by the mill and her husband, both women became pregnant and gave birth to a boy; the prince's son He cries all the time, the parents sent the children to throw him away; they were met by a miller, said that his baby was crying; as soon as the children were around, they stopped crying and began to play; the miller gave his to the prince; the young men ask them to make two iron balls; they threw the balls up, they fell to their knees three days later, crashed; then they asked them to make two golden balls; they fell 10 days later and only bent; the young men went on a journey; at the fork, the younger Pycha went to the left, and Pycha went to the right; if blood drips from the tip of the sword, then the owner was in trouble; P. came to the dead city, the residents were eaten by a giant, only the old woman hid in the stove; P. and the giant grabbed each other and put them in the ground; P. - waist-deep, jumped out, put the giant around the neck, cut off his head; but two, then three, grew in place of one head; the old woman sprinkled ash on her necks, then the giant died; P. promised the giant's sister to marry her on the way back; defeated seven hero brothers and also promised to marry their sister; an old woman came to the fire in the woods, asked to tie a horse and a dog, then swallowed both them and P.; it was an aroupap (witch); K. followed his brother's footsteps, both women mistook him for P., he asked them to wait; his horse and dog began to beat him and to bite the aroupap, she had to spew the swallowed ones intact, then K. cut off her head; P. heard a voice, went in search; old man: this is the voice of a girl you can't do; but P. decided to get it; old man: an arap is tied at her iron gate, he cannot be answered; P. and the girl fought checkers for 64 years; finally P. defeated her; she gave him a ring; P. answered the arap, he fell off the chain, they became fight; bird: tear out the gate, there is a chest under it, there is a bird in it, a piece of paper in it, the soul of an arapa in it; P. tore a piece of paper, the arap died; P. captured two other women and a brother on the way home; K. chose his sister 7 brothers; she asked to bring her younger 6-year-old brother; he was stronger than P., but gave him his sister; they both came to visit three sisters, the 6-year-old fought them for 120 years, won, took the youngest; feast; who listens a fairy tale, turns right - he will have wealth, turn to the left - there will be a lot of money]: Khashba, Kukba 1935:1-12 (=Shakryl 1975, No. 30:153-161); Abkhazians [older brother learned that if you eat meat the chicken that the neighbors have will fall out of her mouth every three days; exchanged the burka for chicken, told his wife to fry; she let her two children eat her stomach; fried another chicken, ate it with children, and put her stomach with the meat first; the husband ate the chicken, but saw that gold was pouring from the children's mouths; together with his single younger brother, the elder wove a basket, put the children in it, left in the forest; hunter Kaurbey found them, the eldest was named Mazlow, the youngest was Jacur; the brothers grew up, felt sorry for two birds with one stone, two foxes, two bears while hunting; they parted at the fork, each took one of the pairs animals; J. came to the old woman, with a whip she turned him and his animals into stone; M. came to the village where the girl should be eaten by Agulshap; killed him, fell asleep; the groom cut off his head, ordered call him her savior to the girl; M.'s animals put his head back, revived him; the prince hung the groom, passed his daughter off as M.; at the fork, M. saw that the blade of the knife left by J. had rusted; the old woman says that J. was killed by her older sister; the animals helped to take away the whip, M. revived Sh., his animals and other petrified ones, turned an old woman into stone; everything is fine]: Khashba, Kukba 1935:103-110 (=Shakryl 1975, No. 29:148-153); Adygs [every day a sledge apple tree brings an apple, from which infertile women conceive, but someone takes the apples away; Pidgash and Pidja, sons of Dada's sledge; Pidgash, take care of guarding sees a pigeon carrying apples, wounds him with an arrow, moistens his handkerchief with blood; brothers follow a bloody trail to the sea; Pidgash descends to the bottom, asking his brother to wait for him for a year; comes to the yard, two girls they give him the same apple; they explain that by stealing apples, they were looking for worthy suitors; their third sister Migazesh is injured, only her own blood collected by a sledge will heal her; the jacket touches her wound with his own with a bloody handkerchief; M. recovers, becomes his wife; a year later, Pijash goes out to look for his brother; they missed each other; Pidzha himself goes down to look for him at sea, M. takes him for her husband; Pidshage sees this commits suicide by throwing an arrow up and letting it fall on his head; seeing his dead brother, Pidge stabbed himself; pregnant M. wants to go back to sea, but her mother sends her to sledges, where she gives birth sons of Imys and Uazirmes]: Lipkin 1951:329-338; Balkarians (Western 1965) [The barren wife persuaded the childless khan to take a second wife to have an heir; when she was pregnant, she regretted the incident; the khan left his wife in the forest with various possessions; the woman named her son Allahberdi; he grew up quickly, dug a hole in front of the Emegen house, killed eight by one and threw them into a hole; the ninth hid; the woman invited him to be her husband; when she became pregnant, she explained to her son that it was so, from air - they say, he himself was born this way; half-brothers are friendly; Emegen's son is a visionary; did not allow A. to eat poisonous khychin on emegen fat; A. saw and killed emegen; the brothers went, parted at the fork to travel; in the city, the khan gave a daughter to A.; she says that the greatest feat would be to go to Aman-Kol ("bad valley"); a dwarf appeared in one carysh beard of a thousand doves riding a rooster; gives tie his hairs to dogs, ruin the barrel of the gun; ate all the kebab and swallowed A.; the younger brother comes to the same city, the khan's daughter takes him for her husband; A. puts a naked dagger on bed; comes to dwarf, defeated him, ripped open his stomach, it's empty; bird: "there is a baby in his little finger"; brother took A. out of the dwarf's little finger; realizing that his wife had his brother, A. was going to kill him]: Malkonduev 2017:468; Ossetians : Britaev, Kaloev 1959 [twins Saui and Budji run away from their stepmother; spare a pair of hares, foxes, wolves, bears, tigers; they help; they divide animals, disperse, stabbing a knife into a pole; from which side will rust, so trouble; Aldar takes the girls, feeds the naughty Zaliag Snake; S. kills a snake, Aldara, marries a rescued girl; in the forest, an old woman turns him and his animals into stones; B. goes him search, mistaken for S., puts a dagger between himself and his wife S.; turns an old woman into stone with an oak leaf, splits petrified people and animals; the animals have torn the petrified one; S. cuts off B.'s head, for he was lying next to his wife; the Hare revives B. with oak roots]: 99-106; Dzagurov 1973, No. 46 [Halin-Barag gives childless spouses three apples on the condition that they give one of the sons to him; when golden-haired sons were born, three apple trees grew near the house; the eldest went with HB; the skull in the cave teaches us to pretend to be misunderstanding, let HB show himself how to fan the fire; the young man pushed HB into the fire and took a shovel , did not let him get out until he burned down; the skull points to HB's armor and horse; the shepherd laughs (Aldar marries three daughters, he will be given pig tails), then cries (he must kiss the pigs in the ass); they changed clothes; Aldar's youngest daughter noticed golden curls, offered food and a glass to the imaginary swineherd; Aldar pretended to be sick - which of his son-in-law would bring deer milk; the young man called his horse milked the doe, gave his sons-in-law milk, for which he cut off his right ears; get water that revives the dead; the young man took it out, gave his sons-in-law ordinary water, cutting off his little fingers; get a dancing and playing fur coat; a young man he slipped between the rustling mountains, took out a fur coat, gave his sons-in-law an ordinary one, for which he cut the belts from the back; brought everything to Aldar, showed the marks on his sons-in-law; Aldar took everything away from his sons-in-law, gave it to the young man; once at Black Rock chased the fox, she hit him with his tail, he became petrified; the middle brother went in search, the elder's wife mistook him for her husband, he put his sword on the bed; he also chased the fox and became petrified; younger First he came to the skull in the HB cave, who first ordered the fox's hole to be stoned; the fox became a girl, whipped all the petrified; the elder brother killed the younger ones for sleeping with his wife; but at night, the wife put scissors in bed; the girl's face revived the dead with a whip; on her way home, the girl revived the skeletons in the HB cave, the skull also became a woman; the middle brother married one of the lively ones, and the youngest married a fox girl; she rejuvenated the brothers' parents]: 177-193; Libedinsky 1978 [one golden apple ripened a day on a sledge apple tree; rer healed people from diseases and healed wounds, although it did not save me from death; at night someone stole an apple; sledges took turns guarding, but to no avail; it was Warhag's turn; he sent to guard the sons of Ahsar and Ahsartag; if the apple was stolen, one of them would be beheaded by sledges, the other would be put on stakes; Akhsartag guarded until midnight, but then told Akhsar that he could continue to sleep; a dove flew in at dawn; Akhsartag cut off half of her wing with an arrow, the apple fell to the ground; the brothers followed the bloody trail to the sea; Ahsartag descends into the sea; if the bloody foam immediately rises, he died; if white, let Ahsar A year is waiting for him; in a house at the bottom, 7 brothers say that they have 3 sisters; one of them, Zerassa, is in the habit of stealing sledge apples in the guise of a dove; if you put on a severed wing and letting her taste an apple, she will recover; whoever cures her, she will marry; Ahsartag healed Dz.; a year later he remembered to return to her brother; Z. turned herself and her husband into fish and they surfaced; came to the tent Ahsara, but he was just hunting; Ahsarsag went looking for him, they missed each other; Dz. mistook Ahsar for her husband, they looked so similar; Ahsar put his sword in bed for the night; J. got up, was offended; returned Ahsarsag, decided that his wife was unfaithful; Ahsar fired an arrow into the sky: let him hit me at the place he touched Dz.; the arrow hit Ahsarsag in the little finger and he died; Ahsartag stabbed with a sword; Uastyrzhi he descended from heaven with a three-legged horse, promised to bury his brothers if Z. went for him; when he did, Z. said that she must wash herself first, went to the sea, went to her father; Uastyrji promised to find Dz. in the world of the dead; his mother sent Z. to give birth to sledges, otherwise they will not recognize their children as their own; Dz. gave birth in the lower tier of the Warhaga family tower; the twins Uryzmag and Khamyts were born; they grew up quickly; X . out of mischief, he broke the girl's jug; she advised him to find his grandfather Warhag, who herds sledges cattle; W. recognized them, brought them upstairs to the ancestral tower; married Z.; died a year later, Dz died for a year; before her death, she told her sons to guard her crypt for three nights; H. went to guard her, but heard music and went to the wedding; at that time Uastyrji came in, revived Dz., met her, she gave birth to a girl, Died again; Uryzmag heard crying, took out a girl, she was named Shatana; the same in Kaloev 1980:375; addition: On the third night, Uastyrdzhi came to D.'s crypt, then let his horse and dog go. A year later, dead D. gave birth to Satan, the foal of Arfan, "the eldest of horses," and the puppy Silam, "the oldest of dogs." D. left offspring that formed the powerful Nart family Akhsartagkat)]: 50-64; Kumyks [the dervish gives the childless khan an apple, let his wife, mare, dog eat, each bring twins; one the boy, stallion and puppy should be given to the dervish; the eldest was named Arslan Khan, the youngest was named Batyr Khan; the dervish takes A.; at the source, the skull teaches: this is a black maiden, you have to pretend that you can't do anything ; let him show how bread is baked; push the maiden into the oven and fill it with oil; after killing the maiden, A. rides his horse and with her dog; the counter tells me to put his finger into the stream when she meets; A. took out a splinter to the lioness, that gave a lion cub; killed a snake that crawled to the eagle's nest, which gave an eagle; dipped his finger, it turned gold; poured that water on a lion cub, an eagle, a dog; releasing the animals and wearing a hat, A. hired a gardener to khan; knitted the bouquet with his golden hair; the younger princess saw and understood who the worker was; the sisters sent her father three apples, rotten, half rotten, ripe; vizier: it's time for daughters to marry; khan told his daughters throw an apple at passing men; the elders threw the vizier at the sons, the youngest at the worker; the khan placed them in a collapsed hut; the khan fell ill, they needed reindeer meat; A. sat on the oath, then accepted his true his appearance, summoned an eagle, killed a deer, poisoned some of the meat; gave it to his older sons-in-law, for which he stamped the youngest of them; the khan scolded his older sons-in-law for bitter meat, and he liked what A. had brought; bring lion's milk; the same (A. poisoned milk in one wineskin), a seal on the back of his elder son-in-law; A. Khan recovered from milk; enemies attacked, A. defeated them, said that his older sons-in-law were his slaves, presented seals; Batyr Khan followed in his brother's footsteps; received a lion cub, an eagle, poured gold water; A.'s wife mistook him for her husband, but B. beat her; when A. arrived, she began to accuse him; A. caught up with B. and killed, then repented; saw how one mouse killed another and then revived it with grass; A. revived his brother with it; everything is fine]: Barsov 1882, No. 1:121-128; Avars [the beggar gives a childless person two beans, orders him to give one of the two sons who will be born; when Arslan and Batyr grow up, the father gives A.; on the way he drinks from a stream, the skull at the bottom says that the beggar is the Black Dev, teaches him to pretend that the floor does not know how to take revenge, heat the stove; pushes the maiden into the fire; pulls out a splinter from the lioness, returns the eagle to the nest, gets a lion cub, an eagle; dips his finger in the stream, he turns gold; washes his hair, mane and horse tail; lets the animals go, they will return when he burns the pen; smears his face with mud, hires a gardener; Khan's youngest daughter sees his golden hair; Khan invites three daughters to throw an apple at those Whom they want to marry; the youngest leaves at A.; the khan drives her away, she and A. live in a hut on the outskirts; the sick khan will be cured by deer meat; he calls an eagle, that horse and lioness; A. catches a deer, gives bile greased meat to older sons-in-law stigmatizes them; venison is bitter, khan is angry, and the meat given by his youngest daughter is delicious; but he is worse, he needs lioness's milk; the lioness gives it; A. puts the stigma of the elder son-in-law, gives milk in a jug where vinegar was, it is sour; the khan has recovered from the milk brought by A.; as a reward, he asks his two slaves, everyone sees the seals on the backs of his older sons-in-law; A. takes on its true form; brother A. Batyr follows in his footsteps, the lioness, the eagle give him the brothers of the lion cub, the eagle received by A.; A.'s wife takes B. for her husband, rejected, cries; reproaches A., who returned from hunting; he catches up with B. kills with an arrow; repents; one mouse kills another, revives with grass; A. revives B.; feast]: Kapiyeva 1974:72-80; Georgians (Imereti, Kulashi village) [twin brothers are indistinguishable from each other a friend, as well as their dogs and horses; the first brother leaves, leaving a sword: if there is dew on it in the morning, you have to hurry to help; the first brother meets a gambler, lost everything, but then played back; dressed up as simple as a worker, hired the king as a gardener; when he was sleeping and the handkerchief fell off his head, the princess saw his hair and fell in love; the king called the men and told his daughters to make a choice; the eldest two chose beautiful and the nobles, and the youngest was a gardener; they were settled in a shack; the older sons-in-law did not get anything while hunting, and the young man, taking his hidden horse and dog, caught a deer; gave it to the elders, for which they allowed them to turn his back for the young man's horse to kick them; the next two days the same; the Turks attacked, an unrecognized young man smashes his enemies, was wounded in the arm, the king bandaged it with his handkerchief; at the feast he recognized his handkerchief, honored his younger son-in-law honors, drove his older sons-in-law away; the young man went hunting, began to fry a barbecue; a witch got out of the water, asked them to share and tie their hair; swallowed a barbecue, a young man, a horse and dogs; second brother saw dew on the sword, went in search; the king mistook him for his son-in-law; he asked for the witch's hair into the fire, the dogs grabbed her, she spewed the swallowed ones, the brothers killed and burned the witch; the second brother married the king's niece]: Mashurko 1894:383-387; Megrelia [dev gives the king an apple out of childlessness for half of what is born; takes the eldest of two sons; the old woman teaches him to rush from the deva into the river, to enter into the house, take a horse and a dog; on the advice of a horse, pulls a lamb's stomach over his head, is hired as a gardener; the king's youngest daughter sees a young man washing his hair; advises sisters to stick a knife into an overripe one, ripe and green watermelons, send to their father; the king convenes suitors; the elders choose Nazir and Wazir, the youngest gardener; the king's wife is ill, asks for 1) hare meat; the gardener, with the help of his horse and dog, gets hares, sells to older sons-in-law for their earlobes cut off; 2) reindeer milk (the same, sons-in-law let the horse hit their buttocks); the gardener, taking on his true form, smashes enemies, cuts his hand, the king bandaged, recognized his handkerchief; older sons-in-law are made servants of the younger; when hunting, the young man is swallowed by a cannibal, shackling a horse and a dog; poplar falls at home, the younger brother goes to look for the elder, everything is with him repeats, the daughter-in-law thinks it is the husband, he puts a sword between them; she does not put his hair and strains the cannibal on the horse, the sword, cuts off the cannibal's wart, swallowed comes out bald; from the blood of the cannibal hair grows back, chains on the horse and dog fall; the elder brother returns to his wife, the youngest to his parents]: Kurdovanidze 1988, No. 35:114-128; Armenians [the dervish gave the childless khan an apple, ordered to divide give it to his wife, mare, dog; for this, the khan will give him one boy, one foal and one puppy in a few years; Arslan Khan and Batyr Khan were born; A. had to be given; on the way home dervish A. asked for a drink; the skull at the spring teaches him to pretend that A. does not know how to sweep the floor and heat the stove, let the dervish show him; you must push him into the oven; after killing the dervish diva, A. left; took it out she gave a lion cub to a splinter; killed a snake that wanted to eat eagles, the eagle gave an eagle; the stranger ordered his finger to be dipped into the stream - it became golden; A. washed his animals with this water; removing them and dressed as a beggar, A. hired a khan's gardener; the younger princess noticed his golden hair; the sisters sent his father three apples: ripe, rotten and rotten: we wish to marry; sisters threw apples at their sons viziers, and the youngest as an employee; the khan lodged them in a hut; the khan is sick, venison is needed; A.'s animals bring game, A. gives it to his younger son-in-law, for which he stamps him with his seal; next time lion's milk (the same to his elder son-in-law); enemies attacked, A. defeated them; opened up to the khan, pointed to his fugitive slaves - his seal on them; B. followed in his brother's footsteps; everyone takes him for A.; animals gave their cubs (B. told them that the first cubs allegedly ran away); A.'s wife mistook B. for her husband, who beat her; A. decided that B. slept with her, killed him; saw one mouse kill another, and then revived grass; A. then revived B.; everything is fine]: Barsov 1882, No. 1:121-128; Azerbaijanis [shepherd's son Iskander understands the language of birds; hears the nightingale say that he will become Shah, his stepmother will give him pilaf; she tells her father to let his son into the water in the chest; the fisherman picked him up, the boy Yahya became his sister; now the fisherman takes goldfish out of the net every time and receives several gold coins from the Shah for it; explains what crows want, the Shah judged them; I. goes to another country, marries a queen; enemies come, I go to bed instead of I., putting a sword next to him, I. smashes enemies, arranges a marriage between Y. and the princess. ; upon return, the wife, offended by the fact that her husband put his sword next to him, turns I. into an ugly animal, expels him; I. finds a magician, who returns I. to his appearance; I. cuts his wife in half; comes to his native house; stepmother is furious, he sends her to the kennel]: Akhundov 1955:217-229; Turks [bey gives Iskander's son to study; he understands the language of birds; explains what the nightingale says; when he learns that I. the padishah and his parents will wash his hands, his mother tells her husband to put I. in a chest, lower him into the sea; the captain picks him up, sells him to the vizier; understanding bird language, I. explains the dispute between the crows, gives them the decision padishah; I. is released to Arabistan, becomes the keyman of the local padishah; one shahzade asks to be a gatekeeper, becomes I.'s sister; I. arranges his secret meetings with the daughter of the padishah; goes home, marries his padishah's daughter; brothers in trouble, the vizier's son talks about his meetings with the daughter of the padishah; I. changes clothes with him, kills the vizier's son in a duel, returns; His sister spent the night with the princess, putting a sword between them; the real I. then explained that he was in mourning, but his wife held anger; he added poison, I. became covered with ulcers, he was expelled; he comes to A sister who has become a padishah, he heals him, restores him to the throne, marries his sister; I. visits his parents, they wash his hands]: Tsvetinovich 1959:74-83; Kurds: Jalil et al. 1989, No. 5 [ the dervish tells the childless padishah to eat an apple in half with his wife, the wife will give birth to twins, take one dervish; at the age of seven, Hasan recognizes the dervish as the father, Hussein as the padishah; the dervish burns Hasan in tandoor; Hussein finds skulls, the last one Hasana; one of the skulls explains what to do; Hussein pushes the dervish into a tandoor, people are reborn from skulls; Hussein marries the daughter of a padishah; she does not tell ride in a big mountain; a gazelle lures him into a cave, turns into a girl, kills him with an iron bar; Hasan is indistinguishable from Huseyn, comes to his wife, but puts a sword between himself and his wife; hits the girl with a rod, brings her brother to life, the girl Gelyafruz is disgraced, Hasan takes her as his wife; brothers and wives go to their father; on the way, Hussein alone destroys enemies; Hasan is jealous (he is almost the son of a dervish) He throws his brother into a hole, takes his wife; lions feed Huseyn, caravans lift him out of the hole; the padishah's daughter buys him; her father finds out, tells him to be thrown into the river in a barrel; the miller finds him, adopts him; Hussein smashes his father's army, they do not recognize each other; unrecognized Huseyn comes to his wife's wedding with the vizier's son, defeats the groom, kills Hasan, opens to his father]: 80-89.
Iran - Central Asia. The Bakhtiyars [Malik Ahmad has seven wives childless; he asks the dervish for a son; he gives a pomegranate to eat with his wife, let him send one of his born sons to him; they conclude a written contract; twin boys are born, grow up; the dervish came, showed the document; his elder brother Malik Mahmad left with him, left the younger Sultan Mahmad a ring: in case of trouble, he will fall off his finger; the old man on the road tells the young man that the dervish wants to kill him; tells him to be the first to drink from the stream, cut off his head when he bends down, immerse his saddle and horse in water; MM does so; crossing the stream, along with the horse becomes (as it were) gold; falls into a snowstorm; the people who saved him see that he is golden, marry the elder's daughter; when hunting, MM follows the gazelle, gets into a cave, hears singing, the sound of strings instruments and drums; there is a beauty surrounded by maids, she was a gazelle; she fights against those who came; if MM defeats her, she, if not, she will chain him, put him in a stall; she won the ring fell off SM's finger; he goes in search; meets an old man who tells us what happened to MM; to defeat that girl, you have to grab her hands; SM finds a place by the river where the dervish's blood ; gets into a snowstorm; he is also rescued, mistaken for MM; he puts his sword between himself and his wife MM; in a cave he wraps the girl's arms, throws him to the ground, frees prisoners, takes a gazelle girl as his wife; MM returns to his wife]: Lorimer, Lorimer 1919, No. 32:212-219; (cf. Persians (Khorasan, Hamadan, Mazendaran) [the queen is childless; after eating an apple given by the dervish, she gives birth to twins; the dervish demands one for herself; the young man leaves, leaving a knife or other object under the water of which his brother will determine if he is in trouble; a young man kills an evil dervish, washes his hair with magic water, it turns gold; then various episodes; the second brother sees that the first trouble comes to the rescue; in variant from Hamadan (Elwell-Sutton, Coll. ivB: 376-575) A young man goes to look for the princess whose portrait he saw; turned into stone; second brother kills a dervish, disagrees with the first]: Marzolph 1984, #303:64-65); Tajiks (Hounds) [ the mother and youngest son fell behind, and the five eldest sons came to the seven-headed diva; he swallowed them, threw their heads into the hole; when the mother and her youngest son came, he defeated the diva, threw them into the hole himself; ordered mother does not pour water from washing her hair; the cat brought 40 keys, in one room there is a wind horse and a whirlwind horse; the mother pours water, the diva comes to life; to pull him out, you need a wind horse; a young man rides it; a diva advises a woman to ask her son to take a whirlwind horse; the woman pulled out the diva, gave birth to a child from him; the diva left him on the road, the young man found him, picked him up; he grew up quickly; the young man saw him alive, they fought for a long time; the mother poured millet under her son's feet, he slipped, the diva knocked him down, but the diva's son killed him and his mother; the brothers were left alone; the elder went on a journey, leaving his sword; every day they give the dragon a girl and two sheep; the young man killed the dragon, left to cut a strip of his skin, and the padishah's daughter returned to her father; the drunkard said that he killed the dragon, the padishah gave it to the drunkard; a young man arrived; a strip of skin No one can lift the dragon, only the young man picked her up and threw her on the floor; the drunkard was thrown into prison, the girl was given to the young man; the wife says that her friend Makhtob (moonlight) and she swore to marry her brothers; the young man went to look for her; she is the daughter of a strongman Korunbay; he defeated the young man and threw him into prison; his younger brother saw pus dripping from his elder's sword; he went in search; he was mistaken for the elder, but he refused to lie down with the daughter of the padishah; killed K., married M.; the brothers met, the youngest tells the elder to shoot his finger: he pushed the elder's wife away with them, so the finger is sinful; both brothers are happy with their wives ]: Amonov 1961:68-79; Uzbeks [only the last wife of the bay gave birth to a son; by the time it was time to do that on the occasion of circumcision, bai was impoverished; friends went to war against him; the son is strong, transferred to another the place is mother, father and all property; the father died; the divas came to dig up the grave; the young man chased him, he disappeared into the cave; at the entrance the young man found a baby; this is his mother's son from a diva, his mother has long been in contact with him, hides him in a chest; the young man found him, killed him, made a belt out of leather, left; stayed with the robbers; the diva's son grew up, found his brother; the young man left him two bowls of pilaf, which he would know if he was in trouble; left; came to a city where the dragon devours people, it was the turn of the ruler's daughter; the dragon is surprised that the young man is not afraid; tells him to show his hair; the young man shows his donkey tail torn off; the dragon runs away in horror; the bald man attributed victory to himself; but the daughter of a padishah is married only by someone who transplants 40 tall trees from the forest into the garden in a day, ties a pumpkin snuffbox to the top of one and knocks it down with an arrow; a young man He fulfilled the condition, married the daughter of a padishah; two moons rose; one was a reflection of the face of the daughter of a padishah of another country; she is a batyr woman; the young man began to fight her, but she won, and he was thrown into the zindan; the diva's son sees that in one bowl the pilaf turned into blood and in the other into pus; he came to the young man's wife, who thought it was her husband returned, so they looked like; he defeated the hero, married her, and released the young man returned to his wife]: Afzalov et al. 1972:502-508; Turkmens [the padishah has 40 wives, no children; two heroes are sent far to the sage; he promises that the 40th wife, the slave Guldzhemal, will give birth two sons; when the padishah lies down with her, a dervish enters, tells him to eat an apple in half with his wife, and then give one son to him; G. gives birth to two glowing boys; the father hides them in an underground crypt; After 13 years, the dervish comes, plays the dutar, the boys go out to him, he takes the youngest; parrots tell him it's a dev, he will push him into a boiling pot; the boy pushes the deva himself; comes to plane tree, where the black dragon devours the Simurg chicks every year; kills the dragon, Simurg gives him a few feathers; takes a splinter out of the tiger's paw, which gives hairs; the young man pulls his stomach over his head, hires a gardener in front of the Shah's three daughters; asks them to comb their hair, the elders drive him away, the youngest gives him back; when he gets it back, she sees silver and gold hair on him; the padishah convenes the people tells the daughters to throw a stone at whoever they like; the eldest marries the son of a vizier, the middle for the son of Vekil, the youngest for a pleshivets; they are placed in a barn; the sick padishah asks for keik meat; when hunting, tigers and The Simurgs drive all the keyikov to the pleshivets; the other two son-in-law get meat, for which the young man stigmatizes them; appears in glory, takes his sons-in-law as slaves, the padishah admits that he was mistaken; the young man fights against peri, thrown by her into the well; her elder brother goes to the rescue, everyone takes him for the youngest; he puts his sword between himself and the younger's wife; Peri wins, both brothers return home]: Stebleva 1969, No. 24:94-124; Bukhara Arabs [a young man kills divas one by one, throws him into a well; one is alive, his mother takes him as a lover; gives birth to a son, leaves him on the road, the young man finds a baby, brings him to his mother as if foundling; this brother saves the young man three times when the diva and mother try to kill him (with a sword, a trap pit, a grain under his feet to slip); kills the diva father and mother; the young man leaves, leaving the reeds (if trouble, he will bleed, pus); the dragon was given an apple, the young man jumps into his mouth, cuts through his sword from the inside, comes out of his ass; the emir's daughter throws an apple at him, the emir puts them in the stable; the son-in-law puts them in manure prepared by him for the emir; explains that it is dark in the stable; they are moved to the barn; to the house; the older sons-in-law did not get anything while hunting; the youngest gives them game, puts a seal on the back; goes to marry Chulpan- Sulyuk, her brother defeats him, pulls his eyes out; brother (diva's son) comes to his wife, does not tell her to touch him in bed; defeats Brother C., makes him return his eyes; Emir's son-in-law returns from C., gets throne]: Vinnikov 1969, No. 12:84-88; Yazgulyam [at night, the daughter gets up, eats all the food, puts a dung in the cauldron; the mother tells her husband to take the girl and her brother to the forest; the father hangs a snuffbox on the willow so that the children thought he was still sitting on a tree, going home unnoticed; children came to the diva, the boy killed him, buried him under the floor; they lived in a diva's house, his brother told his sister to pour dirty water out the door; she pours it on the floor, hears the voice of the diva; she pulls it out after the diva promises to be her husband rather than sister, mother, brother; sister gives birth to a boy, diva offers to put him on the road so that his brother he picked it up himself; he grows up, hears diva and mistress agree to kill her brother, the diva will become a snake; the boy asks his uncle to take him to the back, prevents the diva from biting him; the next day, a marvelous snake hides under the threshold, the boy undertakes to carry his uncle himself; the snake climbs into the boot, the boy changes boots with his uncle, hits him with his toe; rata, the diva will become a snake; the atom, and the husband; c; the father hangs on the Ivory Coast, the snake crawls out, turns into an eagle, attacks, the boy hurts him; the divas and his mistress agree to poison both, the boy changes food, they die themselves; the nephew decides to go right, uncle to the left; uncle stops by the old woman, sees at night that half the world is having fun, half the world is crying; the old woman explains that today it is the king's turn to give her daughter to the dragon {obviously those whose turn did not come are having fun}; uncle cuts off all seven heads of the dragon, gets the king's daughter; the dragon's brother kills him; the nephew sees blood on the bullet left by his uncle, comes, puts the sword between himself and his uncle's wife (both outwardly indistinguishable, the woman takes him for her husband); makes the dragon revive the dead, both kill the dragon together; the uncle kills the nephew when he finds out that he slept in his house; the wife puts a spinning wheel between herself and her husband; the husband all understands, revives his nephew; makes him tsar]: Grunberg, Steblin-Kamensky 1976, No. 25:258-266.
Baltoscandia. Lithuanians [two fisherman's sons go on a journey, stab a knife into a pine tree, which will rust, so the trouble is; the eldest does not kill a hare, wolf, lion, bear, they promise to help; in the city, the queen they give a nine-headed snake; the animals of the older brother kill the snake, the queen cuts off his tongues; while sleeping, the young man makes the queen say that he killed the snake; at the wedding, well done, shows his tongues, marries the queen, the young man was burned; the witch covered the sun with the pomelo; well done, she splashes water on him and his animals, they turn into stones; the younger brother follows, also does not kill animals, takes as an assistant; the younger brother is mistaken for the elder, he puts the royal sword among himself; comes to the witch, pulls out her cauldron, splashes on stones, they become animals and people again; the elder returns to his wife, the sun is shining]: Löbite 1965:163-167; Latvians [two brothers go to wander in the white world; they feel sorry for the animals and they accompany them; the brothers pierce their knives into the tree: if the knife rusts, its owner is in trouble; the first brother fights the snake, saves the princess and marries her; while hunting a roe deer, he meets an old woman, she turns him and his animals into stones; the second The brother goes in search of the first, the princess takes him for her husband; when going to bed, the brother puts a sword between himself and the woman; after finding the sorceress, frees the brother and his animals from spell and says that spent the night with his wife; his first brother cuts off his head; in the evening his wife asks why he put his sword in bed; the husband realizes his mistake; the second brother is revived with live water]: Aris, Medne 1977, No. 303:272-273; Norwegians (many records) [wonderfully conceived brothers disperse, leaving an object that everyone will know if the other is in trouble; one saves the princess from the troll, but the Red Knight or the coal miner attributes the feat to himself; at the wedding, the young man exposes the deceiver, marries the princess himself; he is turned into stone by witchcraft; the other brother follows in his footsteps; the wife of the first takes him for her husband, but he puts a sword to bed; he saves his brother, everyone marries his own princess]: Hodne 1984, No. 303:64-67; Danes [parents go to the field, leaving the boy at home; when they return, the second one is the same next to him ; when they grew up, the healer taught them to know who the real son is: an adopter brings horses to the stall; he is told to leave; he leaves his brother a pot of blood: if it changes color, he is in trouble; he spares when hunting a hare, a bear, a lion; each gives a pair of their cubs; a young man comes to a city where a sea monster has eaten all the women, it is the princess's turn; kills a dragon with his animals; marries a princess; On the shore, she sees an old woman collecting dragon bones; she lures him to her ship and makes him say "Darkness is ahead, light is behind"; then he loses his orientation and finds himself on the island; the old woman turns the animals into stones with a whip, and puts the young man in shackles; when he sees that the color of the blood has changed, the brother goes in search; the princess takes him for her husband, but he puts his sword on the bed; says" The light is ahead, the darkness is behind", does not lose orientation; on the island, she makes the old woman give him a wand that revives the animals; frees his brother and kills the old woman; they bring the old woman's treasures; the young man stays with his wife, and brother brings treasures to parents]: Holbek 1987:558-559; Danes [the fisherman can't catch anything; finally pulls out the talking fish; she tells its giblets and scales to throw it on a garbage dump, bury your head under a stone through which water flows down; let the wife eat the back, but the fisherman himself should not eat; save the rest and, when the boys are 7 years old, give the mare, dog and female cat, they give birth to foals, puppies, chicks; when boys are 15, dig 2 swords and 2 knives from under the stone; from now on, the fisherman's field will yield such crops that there will be no need to fish; sowing on the brothers went on a journey of their horses, taking swords, knives, dogs and cats; at the fork they parted, stabbing a tree: whoever rusts is in trouble; the elder came to a city where mourning: the king must give his only daughter to a sea monster with 9 heads; whoever kills him will receive the princess and inherit the throne; the Red Knight promises to do so; when the princess is brought ashore, the KR saw the monster and ran into the forest; the young man let a cat, a dog and a horse on the monster, and cut off three heads, cut off his tongues and hid it; KK brought his heads to the city and claimed victory for himself; the next day, 6 (same); on the third day, all 9 heads grew, but the young man cut them all down, the monster died; the princess put her ring on the young man's finger; he said he should see his brother and return in a year; the KR did not see what happens, and decided that the monster would win and eat the princess; the KR brought the princess and heads, attributed the victory to himself; the young man found his younger brother's knife unrusty, went to look for it, but did not find it; returned, when the princess married the Kyrgyz Republic; sent a cat, the princess recognized him, the cat grabbed a goblet of wine and brought it to the young man; he gave it a drink to the hotel owner, and he sent his dog to the princess; the same, the dog took away the food basket; the young man came by himself, showed his tongues; the princess called him savior; the Kyrgyz Republic is hanged on the tree he was sitting on, fearing a dragon; on the first three nights he flies up to the marriage window rooster and screams; the young man thought his brother was in trouble, went after the rooster, got lost in the fog; an old woman came up, asked for help to carry a heavy bag on horseback; hit the water with a stick, the sea parted and they went dry, and there was water around, in front and behind; went out to the mountain, the old woman opened the door, there was an iron room with a huge stove; the old woman pulled out her hairs, ordered them to be thrown at her horse, dog, cat and sword, those petrified {or rather immobilized}; said that she was the mother of the dragon, and threw her hair at the young man; the younger brother saw that the knife was rusted, went in search of the elder; he was mistaken for him; at night he put him to bed a sword between himself and the princess; that rooster appeared; the same as the older brother, but he threw the witch's hair into the fire; told her to revive her brother and his animals (she sprinkled them with water from a bottle) and take her back across the sea; then her head was cut off; on the way home, her younger brother told the elder about the night with his wife; he pierced him with a sword; he came furiously to the Queen; she asks why last night he put a sword between them; when he heard this, he galloped to the place where he had killed his brother; he wanted to stab his corpse, but his younger brother's cat had just brought the bottle and poured liquid on it; he came to life; the brothers divided the kingdom, and the youngest married another princess]: Grundtvig 1878:276-326; the Swedes [after eating a wonderful fish (apple), a woman gives birth to twins, a dog gives birth to two puppies at the same time, a mare - two foals; the youngest sets off with his animals to wander, leaving the elder an object that will show if something happens to the youngest; defeats the dragon and frees the princess; goes hunting, a witch turns him into stone; his older brother goes to save him; comes to a princess who takes him for her husband and does not understand why he puts a sword between them on the bed; kills a witch and revives her brother; the princess cannot understand which of the brothers is her husband]: Liungman 1961, No. 303:49-50; the Swedes (Värmland) [the queen is dead, the princess has grown beautiful; the king went to war; in order for his daughter to remain innocent, built a tower in the forest, left food for her daughter and maids there, forbade men to come close; those who wanted to get a princess sent a witch; she has two in her basket apples; the princess and her partner lifted the basket to the tower, ate an apple each and became pregnant; the son of Princess Silfwerhwit ("silver white"), the son of the maid Lillwacker ("little guard"); both grew up strong and beautiful; after 7 years, the king returned and the boys' mothers had to bring them down from the tower to the ground and send them to the world; the princess gave her son a precious dagger; towards a big man, gave them to everyone a sword and three dogs; at the crossroads, the boys broke up; S. put a knife in the stream: if blood flows, he is dead, let L. take revenge; S. came to a city where mourning; the king must give his eldest daughter sea troll; S. went to the shore, where the princess and the court; he mistook S. for a troll, ran away and climbed a tree; the troll emerged: let our dogs fight first; S.'s dogs bitten to death the troll's dogs ; then S. cut off the troll's head, he dived into the sea, and S. cut out his eyes and hid it; S. left, and the courtier forced the princess to say that he was the savior; the same the next day (three-headed troll, middle daughter of the king); on the third day - six-headed; younger princess; S. came to the wedding, showed the younger princess's ring and troll's eyes; wedding; once a knock on the window: S., go out to talk; there's a troll whose S. killed the brothers; S.'s dogs bit to death his dogs, and S. drove the troll into a tree; he promised a ransom, asked him to calm the dogs by throwing three of his hairs on them; the dogs froze; the troll went down and killed S.; Seeing blood in the stream, L. went to save S.; in the city he was mistaken for S.; put his sword between himself and the princess in bed; knocking on the window and the same thing, but L. threw hairs on the troll's dogs; made him revive dogs S., let water revive S. and another that makes him stick to the place; L. stuck to the stone and burst at the first rays of the sun; when he learned that L. went to bed with the princess, S. cut him off head; after learning from his wife about the sword, S. returned and revived L. with that water; L. married another princess and shared the kingdom with S.; if they did not die, they are still alive now]: Hyltén-ñavallius, Stephens 1848:78- 94; Karelians (Olonetsky, 1936) [the fortune teller tells the childless queen to catch and eat fish, give the bones to the dog, the horse's ear; the queen gives birth to three sons, a puppy dog, a foal horse; the brothers go see the world, part at a crossroads, leave knives - whoever rust dies; Ivan Tsarevich arrives in a city where girls are given to be eaten by monsters, the turn of the king's daughters; I. kills three- and six-headed; dog: I'll jump into the mouth of the 9-headed, tear from the inside; the heroes claim that they killed the monsters, I. shows the tongues cut off; I. marries the younger princess; sees fire at night; the wife tells sleep; I.: if the first night you tell a lie how I will live with you; goes to the fire, someone from the tree asks to throw 3 hairs, 3 dog hair and 3 horse hair; I. throws, himself, the dog, the horse become stony; the second brother sees a rusted knife, comes, he is mistaken for I., the same with him; the third dog tells the witch to answer that he has already thrown his hair; he grabs the witch, makes him bring living and dead water, to revive the brothers, they came to life; 3 brothers married 3 princesses, I. received the kingdom]: Konkka 1959, No. 7:39-46; Livs: Kecskeméti, Paunonen 1974, No. 303:224; Western Sami [two the brothers look the same; they go on different roads, leaving a sword in the birch tree: if it rust, the owner is in trouble; the first saves the princess, who should have been given to the three-headed sea troll; then three princesses intended for four-headed; one of them was married by a young man; the underground inhabitants envied his beauty and stole it; a local woman took his sword from him, forced him to live with her; the eldest the brother sees rust on his sword, follows in the footsteps of the younger one; he is mistaken everywhere for the youngest; when he finds out which direction the younger one went, when he disappeared, the elder finds him; the underground wife sleeps, the brothers pierced her with a sword; returned to the youngest's wife; she can't understand who the real husband is; he explained, she believed]: Kohl-Larsen 1982:19-28; Eastern Sami [the old man went to the forest to cut wood, found a woman with two boys; they were named Vasily and Ivan; they grew up heroes; they went along different paths, sticking knives at the fork: whoever rusts died; V. did not shoot at the ermine, he gave him his own cub; then the same with a squirrel, a hare, a marten, a fox, a wolverine, a wolf, a bear; the animals grew and became strong; sitting on a tree, the old woman spins, dropped the spindle, asked to pick it up, V. bent down , petrified with all the animals; I. gathered animals like V., saw a rusted knife, went to rescue his brother; his animals gnawed at a tree, tore the old woman; I. found a tank of living water, revived the petrified ones]: Yermolov 1959 : 65-67; Faroese, Finns: Uther 2004 (2), No. 303:183-185.
Volga - Perm. The
Bashkirs [the old man caught a goldfish, shetells the mare to eat its head, the body to the old woman to the tail to the dog; the old woman gives birth to two sons with a golden head, with a silver back, a mare - the same horses, a dog - puppies; the king takes up the boys; the elder brother takes a sword, a dog, a horse, goes to save the princess, which Azhdaha must eat; if with his knife blood drips, the youngest must hurry to help; the young man kills three-, six-, nine-headed ajdah; the bald man and his 40 brothers attribute victory to themselves; they cannot raise their heads Azhdakhi; executed; young man gets a princess; chases victory for himself; ajdazhi cannot raise his head; executed; a young man gets a princess; et devas starlings, the last piece of optics, she brings him to a woman, she pushes him into cellar; his brother follows in his footsteps, the princess takes him for her husband, he puts a sword between her and him; follows the bird, beats the woman, makes her brother and other batyrs revive, kills her with dead water; the elder thinks that the youngest slept with his wife, cuts off his head; the dog revives him with live water, but puts his head backwards; the eldest feels sorry, he does the right thing, repents; lives with wife]: Barag 1988, No. 14:106-116; Kazan Tatars [poor brother saw a golden bird in the forest; brought the rich, who was a jeweler, first a feather, then eggs, then the bird itself; the rich guessed that the one who ate the heart and liver would find gold under the pillow in the morning, told his wife to cook it; at that time, the poor brother's two sons came in, ate the heart and liver; the aunt told them to remain silent, changed with the heart and liver of a rooster; the rich understood what was going on when the poor brought him gold, ordered his sons to be taken to the forest; they were sheltered by a hunter, took gold, but raised them; ordered them to leave a knife at the crossroads - whose the side will rust, so the trouble is; the hare, the fox, the wolf, the bear, the lion are told not to kill them, each gives two cubs; the brothers separate, each took one of the cubs; the youngest comes to the city, where the 7-headed Azhdaha gets a girl every year, it is the turn of the padishah's daughter; the young man enters the house, where he drinks strong water and takes a heavy sword; the animals helped kill Azhdakha; the princess gives her handkerchief; the young man and the animals fell asleep, The vizier cut off the young man's head, told the padishah that he had killed Azhdah; the hare brought a healing root, revived the young man; he sends a hare, fox, wolf, bear, lion to bring bread, meat, berries, whites, sorbet with padishah's table; seeing them, the princess realizes that the groom is alive; the padishah orders the owner of the animals to be brought, he shows the snake tongues cut off by him; the vizier was torn by horses, the young man received a princess; once chased a white beast; an old woman asks to hit the animals with a twig, they turned into stone, and she hit the young man herself; the elder brother sees rust, comes to the younger wife, who first takes him for husband; he finds a ubyr, shot her with a silver bullet, ordered her brother and his animals to be revived, then throws him into the fire; the younger brother is angry with the elder for coming to his wife; offers to enter the city on both sides, whom the princess recognizes, will be her husband; she will recognize her husband by her ring, which is around her lion's neck; after the death of the padishah, the brothers ruled together]: Yarmukhametov 1957:106-122; Marie: Bakulevsky 1973 [just like Chetkarev 1948; two hunting brothers Miklay and Pagul lived]: 94-99; Chetkarev 1948 [father expels sons Mikhail (12 years old) and Pavel (8 years old) because they prevented him hunt; they don't kill a couple of bunnies, foxes, cubs, cubs; they go with them; brothers separate, each takes one animal from the pair with them; the princess takes M. as her husband; he goes hunting, the old man from the Christmas tree says that he is cold, afraid to go down because of the animals, gives a stick to poke at the bear, he turns into stone; the old man goes down, turns everyone into stone; P. sees that M.'s bag is rusted, comes to him to his wife, she takes him for M.; he lies down with her, but lies away; in the forest he pokes a petrified bear with the other end of the stick, he comes to life; kills the old man with a gun, revives everyone turned into stone; says M. that he slept with his wife; he cuts off his head; at home, the wife wonders why the last time her husband slept with his back; M. understands everything, repents; animals revive P. with live water; first they attach head face to back, then right; M. becomes tsar, P. becomes king]: 15-19; Chuvash: Kecskeméti, Paunonen 1974, No. 303:224; Udmurts [=Klabukov 1948, No. 38:108-114; man died, the son Muzeim remains, the widow is pregnant, gave birth to a son Marsalim; the mother tells the Museum not to ride a red horse, not to climb the mountain; he violates the ban, kills a three-headed serpent on the mountain, frees 40 girls and 40 boys, another snake locked underground, covered with a stone; the liberated are building a village, Muzeim lives in it, taking her mother; she drops a comb into the underground; the serpent advises to poison Muzeim, then it will become his mother's husband; Marsalim hears, changed plates; next time he washed off the poison poured by his mother on Muzeim's head; cuts off the head of a snake hidden in the chest; Museum comes to life; goes to marry the daughter of the Fire king, leaves Marsalim a ring; stops at her fiancée on the way; the old woman gives 3 apples; the bull will come to the river to drink, drink all the water, roll the apple, go dry; and so it happened; Museum throws the second apple, the road becomes smooth; the third throws it into the washbasin, climbs the tree himself; the daughter of the Fire King saw an apple, told me to get down; the princess must be defeated; she throws everyone up Muzeima picked up the grooms, but locked it; Marsalim's ring turned black, he comes to Muzeim's fiancée, she takes him for her fiancé, he accidentally left a mark on her eyebrows; comes to see an old woman, kills her sons, makes her show the way; the Fire King is the same as Museum, but Marsalim throws up and picks up the princess himself; marries after the Museum is released and fattened; On the way back, they pick up Muzeim's fiancée; they compete in archery; Museum shot Marsalima's little finger; he says that sin has been atoned for: he injured his bride's eyebrow with these little finger]: Kralina 1960, No. 69:192-198.
(Wed. Western Siberia. Muncie. See K93b1; Uther 2004 (1) refers to Kecskeméti, Paunonen 1974, who included this text in ATU 303, but this is a different story, see below. L120; the text is apparently recently borrowed from Russians}.
(Wed. Amur - Sakhalin. Nanais {apparently Russian borrowing} [two brothers went to look for wives; parted at the fork, each left a knife; whoever rusts is in misfortune; the elder Ikto came to the village exhausted people, spent the night at the girl's house; she said that the witch was coming to drink blood; the young man took a spear, went to the hill, made a fire; an old woman came up, complained that she was freezing, began to swallow fire, became red, breathed, incinerating the young man and his dog; the knife rusted, Yogo's younger brother came to that girl, she mistook him for her older brother; a witch came in, he tied her up, hung her on a tree; she just asks not burn it; The yoke made a fire, the witch begins to swallow fire; the dog Yoke rushed at her; the yoke scattered the fire; the witch said that the ash should be poured with stream water; the older brother and his dog have come to life, dogs they tore up the witch; Ikto married that girl]: Medvedev 1992:240-244).