M101A. Predators learn to fear humans, ATU 157A.

.13.-.17.21.-.24.26.-.34.36.

Having learned that a person is supposedly stronger than him, a large predator finds a person and offers to measure his strength. This ends badly for him. Cf. Motive M101.

Nubians, Cordofan, Berbers of Morocco, Kabiles, Arabs of Algeria, Egypt, Portuguese, Spanish, Catalans, Italians (Tuscany, Molise), French, Germans (Grimms), Dutch, Friezes, Flemish, Palestinians, Arabs of Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Tibetans, Shans, Ancient India (Panchatantra), Northern India (Hindi), Maldives, Java, Miao, Chinese (?) , Hungarians, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Greeks, Czechs, Luzhitans, Russians (Karelia, Kostroma), Ukrainians, Belarusians, Ossetians, Lezgins, Georgians, Persians, Tajiks, Yazgulyam, Estonians, Setus, Finns, Veps, Livs, Latvians, Lithuanians, Eastern Sami (Inari), Swedes, Norwegians, Chuvash, Kazakhs, Buryats, Khalkha Mongols (probably), Inner Mongolia Mongols (?) , central (?) Yakuts.

Sudan-East Africa. Nubians: Kronenberg, no. 57:261-262, von Massenbach, pt. B.VII, no. 31:139 in El-Shamy 2004, No. 157, 157A: 63-65, 65; Kordofan (language not specified) [the mouse advises the lion not to brag about strength: the person is stronger than him because he is smarter; the lion sees the lumberjack and suggests measure strength; man: I left my strength at home, come on tomorrow; lion: no, now; man: then let's come to me, how will I fight without strength; the lion agreed to wait for the man to go for strength, and agreed to be attached (person: what if you run away?) ; man: now I will only use the weak power that is here in the bushes; I whipped and began to whip the lion; then went home for great strength; the mouse to the lion: I will free it if you remain my friend; the lion swore friendship and the mouse gnawed through his belts; the lion came to the man's house; he: eat first; the lion: no, we'll fight first; man: here is the city and I command; the lion has begun to eat, the man went out and supported the door boiled water and poured it on the lion through a hole in the roof; the scalded lion knocked down the door, rushed into the forest, wanted to swallow the mouse: these are your tricks; mouse: the man is coming; the lion ran to the land of lions and stayed there; the man, fearing a lion, moved to another village, just on the edge of the lion forest; when he saw lions, he climbed a tree; the lions were going to leave him alone, but scalded he explained how the man dangerous and what did he do to him; let the lions climb one on top of the other; man: well, now I'll pour boiling water on you all; the scalded lion rushed to run, everyone else fell; scalded fell into a deep hole and the rest are behind him; the lions asked them to be spared; the man demanded that 4 lions be with her at all times and obey orders; then helped them get out; so the poor lumberjack became the king of lions; he concluded an alliance with the king of the city and his beasts helped defeat the king of the countryside; then he made an alliance with him and conquered the king of the city; he blamed everything on the vizier; the king of lions ordered the vizier to make a rope out of sand; Vizier's daughter: ask for sand threads; the lion king married this girl, she taught him to read and write, and he became an excellent ruler; loyal lions stayed with him]: Frobenius 1923, No. 10:91-97.

North Africa. Algerian Arabs (possibly influenced by Shawía Berbers, with whom many marriages) [a young lion brags of strength, his mother warns that the "woman's son" will be stronger; the camel he meets, the bull and other animals reply that they are not "sons of a woman"; finally, the lion met a man; he agrees to face off, but first asks for help to knock down a tree that he has already tilted; the lion put it in The target of the paw, a man knocked out a wedge, killed a helpless lion with an ax; lions have respected people ever since]: Hilton-Simpson 1924, No. 1:83-84; Moroccan Berbers (West 1950) [a panther met a cat and asked why it was so small; cat: I deal with people; the panther asked me to show her people; they met a camel, a horse; every time the cat says it's not a person, but his a servant with whom a man treats harshly; they approach Patriarch Noah, who splits a tree; a panther asks for answers to her questions; Noah asks for help first - to put his paws into the crack; knocks out a wedge; Hits a pinched panther with an ax handle; lets go for promising not to attack people]: Leguil 1988, No. 21:133-139; Algerian Berbers (Mzab) [the lioness teaches her son not to approach a person, he is dangerous; the young man goes in search of a man; the horse replies that he is not a man, he rides him; a donkey and a camel give similar answers; everyone says that the person is shorter than them, the lek promises to eat him; dog: the man is mine the owner; brings the lion to the man; he replies that he is not human, but as soon as he finishes the work, he will take the lion to him; asks for help to make it faster; split the stump, asks the lion to put his paws into the crack, pulls out an ax; hits the lion with a stick; says that he will eat him, not his lion; the lion begs for mercy; the man released him a little alive; the lioness cured his son; the lion gathered other lions, the man climbed on tree, lions climbed one another; man: well, carry a stick; the beaten lion rushed, everyone else fell; the lion advises the rest of the person not to touch]: Reesink 1977, No. 10:133-137; kabila, Egyptian Arabs [Learning to fear men; painful lesson for powerful predator (lion, tiger, etc.)]: El-Shamy 2004, No. 157:63-65.

Southern Europe. The Portuguese [contrary to his father's warning, a young lion goes in search of a man; along the way he meets animals (donkeys, oxen) that talk about the oppression their man has suffered exposes; after finding a man, a young lion summons him to fight; he lures the lion into a trap (hole) and injures him; the lion regrets not listening to his father's advice]: Cardigos 2006, No. 157A: 44; Spaniards (Murcia) [ the wolf (fox) wants to show that he is stronger than man; meets a craftsman (blacksmith, shoemaker) who injures him using his tools; then the wolf says that these were human hands (fingers and fist)]: Hernández Fernández 2013, No. 157:71; Catalans: Oriol, Pujol 2008, No. 157 [another animal tells a wolf that a person should be afraid of; the wolf goes to look for a person; the boy replies that he is a future man, an old man that he was a human; when he meets a hunter, he shoots; wolf: you really have to be afraid of a person, because he spits terribly], 157A [when he appears The lion decides to leave, but the lion's son decides to reclaim the lost territory, although the father warns of man's dangerous cunning; along the way, a young lion sees a horse with worn sides and broken ribs and a crippled ox; they say they suffered at the hands of a man, but this does not stop the young lion; when they find a man, the young lion offers to take him to the lion father; the man does not mind, but leads the lion along the path where he set traps; lion caught, killed]: 48-49, 49; Camarena, Chevalier 1997, No. 157A [full Catalan text on this story; no Spanish analogies are given (although see version from Murcia); perhaps, the authors consider the presence of a lion and his son among the protagonists as a condition for highlighting the plot]: 283-284; Italians (Tuscany, Molise): Cirese, Serafini 1975, No. 157, 157A: 29.

Western Europe. The Germans [the fox told the wolf about the strength of man; the wolf asked her to show him a man; the old man was an ex-man; the boy was a future man; the hunter did not have a bullet, so he shot the wolf with two barrels and stabbed him; the wolf admitted the fox was right]: Grimm, Grimm 2002, No. 72:257 (=Grimm, Grimm 1987:216-217); French [wolf met a lion on the way to fair; they started talking; the wolf says he is afraid of man; the lion asks him to show him a man; they meet a child, an old man; a wolf: this is a future, an ex-man; when he meets a soldier, a lion rushed at him, but received two bullets and a bayonet hit; the lion admits the wolf is right and dies]: Delarue, Tenèze 1976, No. 36:194-196; Dutch: Uther 2004 (1), No. 157A: 111; Friezes, Flemish : Uther 2004 (1), No. 157A: 111.

Western Asia. The Arabs of Iraq [the man went for firewood; when he saw the lion, he did not run, but asked what he was doing in his forest; the lion was indignant, and the man offered to fight - he only goes to get a hatchet, and the lion has it the weapon is with fangs and claws; lion: how do I know that you will come back? person: My name is Fas-Fus and I live there, but how do I know you're not going to run away? The lion himself offered to tie him; he would have died, but the mouse gnawed through the ropes for the lion's promise to become the patron saint of the mouse tribe; lion: what is your name? mouse: Fsai Fis (the word is a diminutive of Fas-Fus); the lion suspected something was amiss and left these places altogether]: Stevens 2006, No. 20:93-94; the Arabs of Syria [animals tell the lion that man is stronger than him; he is walking look for a man; an antelope, a bull, a camel, each replies that he is not a man, he is stronger; the man under the tree says that now he should plow, not fight, let the lion come tomorrow; the lion has come and the man cooks glue; screaming, Allah! He knocked him over a lion; the scalded lion ran away, called the other lions to kill the man; he climbed onto a palm tree; the lions climbed one on top of the other, scalded below; the man shouted, Allah! scalded ran, lions fell]: Abu Risha 2015:26-28; Palestinians, Jordanian Arabs: El-Shamy 2004, No. 157:63-65.

Tibet is the Northeast of India. Tibetans [when he dies, the tiger tells his three sons that the Tiger is the master of the forest, but the man is stronger than him; the younger tiger cub grew up and wanted to see a man; met an old buffalo, an elephant; both confirm the words of the tiger father, the tiger son laughs; meets a lumberjack; he promises to show the tiger extraordinary things, such as a house; the tiger went inside, the woodcutter locked the door, leaving the tiger to die]: O'Connor 1906, No. 2:6-11 (=Cassis 1962:91-93).

Burma - Indochina. Shany [the fox convinces the wolf that the man is stronger; the wolf rushes at the man, he shoots him, cuts him with a knife; the wounded wolf still refuses to believe in the strength of man: he just took stick and sharp bone]: Milne 1910:270-271.

South Asia. Ancient India (Panchatantra) [lion?] : Hetrel in Bødker 1957, No. 151:26; Uttar Pradesh (Saharanpur, Hindi) [the lioness takes into account the lion cub that only man should be afraid of; he grew up and went looking for a man; the ox replies that he is not man, and man keeps oxen in slavery; same camel, elephant; when he meets a lumberjack, he does not believe that he is a man; a lumberjack says he has a mind; a lion asks to show; a lumberjack has split a log and invited the lion to stick its paw; when he took out the wedge, the lion roared and died for a long time]: Rouse, Crooke 1899, No. 41:176-181; Maldives [a man came to cut down a tree; woke up the tiger, he was going to eat it; the man called the tiger the king of animals and offered to build a house for him; the tiger agreed; when he went inside, the man locked the door, brought his wife and she poured boiling water over the tiger through a hole in the roof; Seeing how a man deceived and brutally executed a tiger, a two-headed bird sitting in a nearby tree called other double-headed birds and explained that living in the same world with such an intelligent and cruel creature as human, impossible; all two-headed birds flew to the upper world and have been living on the dagas tree ever since; one grows from our world and reaches the upper world]: Romero-Frias 2012, No. 26:94-96.

Malaysia-Indonesia. Java [the dwarf deer sees the jackal; begins to praise its strength and beauty, but reports that there is a creature stronger than him, it is a man; the jackal asks if he has fangs, claws; dwarf The deer leads the jackal to look for a person; the child is a future man, the old man is an ex (walks on three legs); tells the jackal to meet the hunter, who shot him]: Kratz 1973, No. 10:66-69.

China - Korea. Chuan Miao: Graham 1954:185 [The parents of the two brothers are dead, they live with their mother's older brother; the uncle watched and saw them eat the chickens raw and agree to eat him and him family; one grew a tail and his uncle killed him; the other promised to return in three years and face off; when three years later his uncle was plowing, a tiger appeared; a man asked for permission to go home say goodbye to his wives and then he comes back and the tiger eats him; tiger: what if you don't come back? man: I leave a cow as collateral, but I'm afraid you'll eat it; tiger: you can tie me up; after tying a cow and a tiger to a tree, a man went to get an ax and killed a tiger; the cow laughed so much that she fell and knocked it out his teeth], 233-234 [an orphan young man lives with his uncle's family; his aunt brings him food to the field; he tells her to leave food on the ground so they don't wait for each other; then he plays the flute: I'm a poor orphan, I'm going to they leave the ground; a woman's voice from the cave: if you kill a striped tiger, you get a bunch of silver coins, if you kill a black one, you'll find a chest of gold and silver; he comes to the cave, there is a young woman asking hide or her tigers would come; he shot them with a bow, brought his wife to his uncle's house; two small tigers stayed and, when the young man was plowing, they came and offered to measure their strength; he asked permission to go get his fists and palms left at home; to prevent the tigers from eating the cow during this time, he tied them to a tree; returned with an ax and killed the tigers; the cow fell laughing and knocked out the front ones teeth, so cows don't have front teeth]; Chinese (?) [the index provides a long list of sources; in most cases, those that can be identified are Miao (it is possible that the primary source in all cases is Graham 1954), in one case about one of the Mongolian groups in China; in two or three cases we may be talking about Han, but without certainty]: Ting 1978, No. 157:.

The Balkans. Bulgarians: Daskalova-Perkovska et al. 1994, no.* 157B [the lion or bear believes that he is the strongest; another animal tells him that man is stronger; or the lion thinks that the cat is his relative but not understands why he is small; because he lives under the yoke of man; a lion (bear) goes in search of a person, meets a horse, an ox, a buffalo, who advise not to deal with a person; when a lion ( bear) is going to fight with a person, he replies that he has forgotten his combat armor (or valor) at home, asks that the lion (bear) allow himself to be tied, otherwise he will suddenly run away; or the person pinches the lion's paws ( bear) in a tree; he recognizes man's seniority], *157* (1 entry) [the wolf considers himself the strongest, but the fox returns: the man is stronger; they go in search of a person; they meet a deer, a pig, the wolf asks if it's not a man; when they meet a hunter, he shot the wolf in the leg and stabbed him; the wolf recognized human superiority]: 69-70, 70; Greeks [lion to cat: you are from our kind, but Why is it so small? cat: and you would be the same if you lived with a person; the lion asks to show him a man, the cat showed him; the man agrees to fight, but let the lion first break the log; the lion put his paws in the gap, the man knocked out a wedge, the lion's paws were firmly pinched; the man beat the lion with a stick and took firewood home on it; a lion to a cat: if I were you, I would also be small]: Megas 1970, No. 11:13-14; Hungarians: Ková cs 1987, № 157 [the bear argues with the wolf (fox) or the bear teaches his sons who is the strongest; the wolf (bear) says he is, but others object: the person is stronger; they go looking for a person; towards him an old man (hermit, beggar), a wolf (bear) says that this is a former person; a child is a future person; a woman is just a female; a hussar is a real person; a bear (wolf) on him attacks, receives a field in response and is hit with a sword, flees; returning to his own, the bear says that he would defeat a man, but he began to spit fire and then lick him with his sharp tongue , so I had to retreat], 157* [lion, wolf and bear consider themselves the strongest; however, the wolf notices that a person can defeat any of them; they meet a child - a future person, an old man - a former man, a logger, is a real man; he replies that he has no weapon against the animals that have come but an ax and a mind; says that he has forgotten his mind at home, sends a wolf to pick him up with a letter to his wife, in which he tells the wolf to be tied around the neck; the peasants killed the wolf; the lumberjack starts eating bacon and whispers to the lion that bacon is made from boar meat; the lion rushes at the wild boar; the lumberjack advises not to eat wild boar with skin and wool, but wait for him, a lumberjack, to carve bacon; so that the lion can wait patiently, the lumberjack ties him up; and then kills him with an ax]: 278, 279; Macedonians: Uther 2004 (1), No. 157A: 111 .

Central Europe. Czechs, Lusatians: Uther 2004 (1), No. 157:110-111; Russians (Karelia, Kostroma), Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Galicia, Hutsulshchina, Transcarpathia, Ugric Russia, Poltava), Belarusians [A real person: a wolf (bear, lion) warn that a person should be afraid of; there is a boy - a future person, an old man - a former man, a hunter (soldier) - real person]: SUS 1979, No. 157:78-79; Poles [wolf or bear wants to see a person or find out what a person tastes like; God (St. Nikolai) agrees to help; the person the wolf is going to eat asks permission to leave for a while, and then grabs the wolf by the tail and hits; the fox shows the wolf an old man who is no longer human, and a boy who has not yet become human; when he shows a real person, he shoots a wolf and wounds him]: Krzyżanowski 1962, No. 157:64-65.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Ossetians [the leopard is looking for someone who is stronger than him; someone said that the man is stronger; towards the teenager, answers that he is a future man; the old man is an ex; hunter: I am a man, I agree to show strength , just stay away and look at me; the hunter hit a leopard in the forehead with an arrow and killed him]: Dzagurov 1973, No. 8:29-30; Lezgins [the leopard is rampant, people are afraid to go out into the field; the man took the cat and came to the arable land; a leopard appears, the cat replies that he is his nephew; and he has become small when he falls into the hands of a man; the leopard threatens to tear him to pieces; he humbly asks to hold one bull while he will bring a second one who ran away in fear; and to make it easier to hold, let the leopard allow him to put on the yoke; the man whipped the leopard and told him to plow the ground; the leopard cat: the man will let you go when You'll be as small as me; after a man let go of the leopard, he never came to the arable land]: Kapiyeva 1991:307-310; Georgians [tiger to cat: you are from our kind, but why are you so small? cat: we are oppressed by a man; tiger: where is he, I will deal with him; tiger invites man to fight; man: left strength at home; tiger: go, bring it, I'll wait; man: suddenly deceive you, I'll tie you to tree; tiger: good; the man tied the tiger to a tree and began to beat him with a club; when he let him go, the tiger saw the cat again; the tiger to the cat: it's good that under the authority of such an animal you grew to even this size]: Chikovani 1986:29-30; Turks [tiger to cat: why are you so small? cat: I live with a person; a cat leads a tiger to a person, showing on the way how powerful even human servants (pets) are; when a tiger sees a real person, he splits the tree trunk, persuades The tiger sticks its paws into the crack and knocks out the wedge]: Eberhard, Boratav 1953, No. 13:35.

Iran - Central Asia. Persians: Marzolph 1984, No. *157 (Isfahan, Fars) [the panther invites man to measure his strength; he says he must go home for strength; and so that the panther does not run away during this time, ties her to a tree; when he returns, he kills her]: 52; Romaskevich 1934a, No. 7 (Isfahan) [lion]: 59-60; Tajiks: Amonov 1961 []: 17-18; Levin et al. 1981, No. 190 [the lion's son is ready to turn mountains, but the father warns that the person is stronger; they are going in search of a man; a donkey: I ran away from a man, he tortured me with work; a man carries firewood, boards and tools; says that he has come to build a house for the lion; invites the lion's son to see if he is tall; locked the cage and carried the young lion away], 393 [fox to lion: the man said he would make you roast and eat you; the lion went to look for a man; sees bulls plowing the ground , a donkey screaming loudly, at first thinks that people are them; when he meets a man, asks him to show his cunning; man: she stayed at home, and you can run away, so I'll tie you up; the lion allowed him tie it, the man chopped it to pieces with an ax]: 212-213, 298; Yazgulyam [fox to bear: I'm hiding because I'm afraid of a man; the bear goes looking for a man to beat him; bull: I'm not human, but I work for him, he tortures me; the same horse; the bear found a sleeping man, woke me up; man: I left my strength in the pantry, I'll bring it now; tied the bear {clearly missed the explanation why the bear was for him he allowed it}; the man brought 100 sticks - 50 to the bear and 50 to himself to fight; but the bear was tied up, the man hit him with all the sticks; when he let him go, the bear ran away in horror; agreed with the fox that a person was needed be afraid]: Grunberg, Steblin-Kamensky 1976, No. 71:496-497.

Baltoscandia. Estonians, Seto [a wolf or bear wants to deal with a person; he is accompanied by a fox, who, pointing to the people he meets, explains that this person is a future person (child), and that person is ex (old man); wolf (bear) is horrified when he sees a hunter (soldier) and hears gun volleys]: Kippar 1986, No. 157:118; Latvians [Lisa promises to show the wolf the power of a real man; meet a boy - a future man, an old man - an ex-man; a real one - a forester with a gun - "kicks" at a wolf; a wolf runs away]: Aris, Medne 1977, No. 157:260; Lithuanians, Finns: Uther 2004 (1), No. 157:110-111; Karelians {but maybe Finns} [the peasant bent over to the lake to drink water; the waterman grabbed his beard: give his eldest daughter; the peasant sends his daughter to the shore - as if he forgot his yoke; the water took her away; forbids her to enter the last barn; she went in, there was a tub of blood; a golden ring; she picked it up, put it on her finger, it was covered in blood, not washed off; the water one tells him to look in his head; when the girl touched him with a bloody finger, burned him; he killed her, threw her into a bloody barn; a peasant grabbed the boat, tells him to give her second daughter; the father sends her for a supposedly forgotten ax; with her but; the father put on someone's bast shoes, they brought him to the shore: give him the youngest daughter; the father asks me to go for bast shoes; the youngest found dishes with living and dead water, revived the sisters; sends gifts with water to her father (older, then middle sister); when the girl from the chest does not tell you to look into the chest, the waterman believes that they are talking to him from the roof; then the youngest dresses her stupa in her clothes, water, and took it to parents; accidentally drank dead water and died]: Konkka 1991:208-215; Eastern Sami (Inari), Veps, Livons: Kecskeméti, Paunonen 1974, No. 157:221; Swedes [fox shows an old man to a wolf, then a boy and finally a man with a gun who shot a wolf]: Liungman 1961, No. 157:25-26; Norwegians [{considering the Swedish version, the episode with the child and the old man may have been briefly omitted}; the bear asks the fox to show him the man if he is so strong; the fox shows a man with a gun, runs away, the bear is killed or frightened]: Hodne 1984, No. 157:43- 44.

Volga - Perm. Chuvash [animals want to choose a king, someone offered a man; the lion did not like it, he wants to be king himself; he was asked to fight with a man; the lion met a boy; that: I am half a man; old man: already half a man; well done; he agreed to fight, uncovered his sword and shot his gun; the lion ran away, told others that there was thunder in one hand and lightning in the other; agreed to make him king]: Sidorova 1979:27.

Turkestan. Kazakhs [man pulled a net under trees; a lion came up; a lion came up to man: they say you are preparing a massacre for me, now try to break out of my claws; man: cross over what I have set; lion: go first; a man slipped under the net, the lion jumped and got confused]: Bosingen 1984:104.

Southern Siberia - Mongolia. Buryats [the wolf made friends with the dog; told her not to bark in vain - there was a bear nearby; she realized that the bear was stronger, went to him; from bear to tiger; the bump fell on her nose, the dog howled, the tiger tells you to be silent - a man with a thunder stick will hear; the dog asks to show her a man; an old man; a boy; when the guy is on horseback, the tiger ran away, the dog stayed with the man; barked at night, man he was not scared, but took her a bowl of bones]: Dugarov 1990:327-328; the Mongols [the old tiger punishes his son: don't think you're the strongest, don't approach the man; the tiger went looking for a man; the bull replies that he is not a man, although strong, but a man has subdued him; the same is a camel; the man says that his strength is in his mind, but he has left his mind at home; the tiger cannot be there - dogs will attack; about to leave, the person says he is afraid - the tiger may attack him from behind; the tiger allows himself to go to the tree; the man returned with an armful of brushwood, covered the tiger and set fire; when the ropes burned, the tiger ran away, but stayed striped]: Skorodumova 2003:46-48; the Mongols of Inner Mongolia (more precisely, one of the Mongolian-speaking groups in China, but it is not clear which one from the description of the publication to which Tin refers ): Ting 1978, #157:.

Eastern Siberia. Yakuts: Ergis 1967a, No. 31 (summary of archival texts, places of recording are not specified; central ones?) [The lion king of beasts went to look for a strong one; meets Ayyi Toyon and asks him to show him a man; the lion came to man and began to fight him; the man killed the lion; Ayyi Toyon revived him; since then the lion has become afraid of man and stopped looking for a strong one], 33 [a man on a bull plowed the land; the tiger was surprised why such a big animal obeys a small one; a bull: a man is smart; a tiger wanted to test the human mind; the man says that he left his mind at home, now he will bring it, but he is afraid that the tiger will eat the bull during this time; by tying the tiger to a tree, a man lights a fire to burn the tiger; then he barely escaped; became striped from traces of rope and red from fire]: 167, 167.