M109a1. Head in the test, ATU 3. .15.16.27.-.32.36. (.38.)
Thezoomorphic character covers his head with dough (yogurt, butter, etc.) to show that his brain is being beaten out.
Spaniards [fox and wolf], Aragon [fox and wolf], Catalans [fox and wolf], Portuguese [fox and wolf], Basques [fox and wolf], Italians (Basilicata, Calabria, Lacia, Lombardy, Molise, Puglia, Tuscany), Sicilians, Ladins, Irish, Germans (East and West Prussia), Slovenes, Serbs [fox and wolf], Croats, Macedonians [fox and wolf], Hungarians [fox and wolf], Romanians, Greeks, Bulgarians [fox and wolf] wolf], Albanians, Russians (Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Ryazan, Voronezh, Kursk, Perm) [fox and wolf], Russians (Pskov) [fox and bear], Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Transcarpathia, Poltava, Kharkiv), Belarusians [fox and wolf], Czechs, Slovaks, Poles [fox and wolf], Luzhitans [fox and wolf], Georgians [fox and wolf], Turks [fox and wolf], mountain Tajiks [fox and wolf], Western and Eastern Sami, Estonians [fox and wolf], Seto [fox and wolf], Livs, counselors, Finns [fox and wolf], Veps [fox and wolf], Karelians [fox and wolf], Latvians [fox and wolf], Lithuanians [fox and wolf], Swedes, Mordovians, central (?) Yakuts [fox and wolf], (Japanese).
Southern Europe. The Spaniards (Ciudad Real) [the fox offers the wolf to steal food from the shepherds; let him come to them, the shepherds and dogs will chase him, while she will carry the pot away from the bread jails; the wolf is terrible beaten; the fox took the cauldron and ate everything; pieces of bread stuck to her head; she says she was hit so hard that her brain came out, unable to walk; the wolf put her on his back; she sings slowly what happened; the wolf threw her on the rocks, she crashed]: 22-23: Camarena, Chevalier 1997, No. 3-4:22-23; Aragon [the fox pretends to have leaked her brains (smears her head with oil, dough, etc.); then usually about a wolf agreeing to carry a fox on his back]: González Sanz 1996, No. 3:63; Catalans [the fox ate garlic soup, smeared it on its head and convinced the wolf that she had his brains ran out; he agreed to carry it]: Oriol, Pujol 2008, No. 3:22; the Portuguese [the fox persuaded the wolf to steal sheep from the shepherds; the shepherds chased the wolf while the fox ate bread Turyu and smeared it on her head as if her brains were running out; the wolf agreed to carry her on his back]: Cardigos 2006, No. 3:20; Basques: Barandiaran 1961 [the fox took the wolf into the house to steal, the wolf beaten, the fox ran away, smeared his head with dough (or rather a mass of milk and flour); the wolf says that his ribs were broken, the fox said that his brains came out; the wolf agrees to behave the fox on his back; realizing the deception, he rushed at the fox in the hole, he grabbed its tail, it screams that it was the root, the wolf let go, the fox hid deep]: 142-144; (N. Zutter, summary) [the wolf sees the reflection of the moon, wants to eat it; the fox advises drinking water, water pours out of the wolf from behind, the fox offers to shut his ass; the peasants beat the wolf; the fox pretends to be her too beaten, brains out; the person he meets says that the fox is worse than the wolf; he agrees to carry the fox on his back; the fox hides in the hole; the wolf grabs her leg, but the fox says he grabbed it root, the wolf lets her go]; the Sicilians [the wolf and the fox went to steal food to the farm; the wolf was beaten, the fox ate ricotta), smeared its head with it, told the wolf that she was beaten so much that brains came out, the wolf agreed to take her on himself; either the fox pretends to be sick, the wolf carries her, and she says "Il malato porta il sano"]: Lo Nigro 1957, No. 3, 4:3-4; Italians (Basilicata , Calabria, Lazius, Lombardy, Molise, Puglia, Tuscany): Cirese, Serafini 1975, No. 3:7-8; Ladins: Uther 2004 (1), No. 3:19-20
Western Europe. Germans (East and West Prussia), Irish: Uther 2004 (1), No. 3:19-20.
The Balkans. Hungarians [the wolf calls the fox to steal chickens; the fox invites the wolf to climb into the chicken coop, calls the dogs itself; while the wolf is being fought, the fox runs away, carrying the rooster; after eating it, lubricates his head with blood and lies in clay; doubts whether the wolf's beatings are so terrible: even her bones rattle (these are dried clumps of clay stuck to her hair]: Kovács 1983, No. 3:249-250; Bulgarians: Daskalova-Perkovska et al. 1994, No. 3 and 4 [the fox smears its head with porridge (jelly, milk, etc.), tells the wolf that she is terribly beaten; the wolf agrees to carry it on himself, she repeats "Wear it well"]: 40-41; Klyagin-Kondratyeva 1951 [the wolf is going to eat two oxen; they suggest running to him from both sides in a race, the one who runs first in the morning, the other now; they butt him on both sides, the wolf is slightly alive, laments that he has decided to leave the oxen until tomorrow; the mule says that he has a letter under his hoof, the wolf is kicking; the wolf: why did I need to read the letter; donkey: jump over me three times, sin will be forgiven; the dogs saw a wolf jumping, the donkey escaped; the pig offered to play the bagpipes first, screamed, the swineherd ran with the dogs; the fox calls the wolf to the village for a wedding, he is beaten; she ate the porridge herself on to the mill, smeared herself, said that her brains were flowing out; the wolf carried the fox on his back, she says that the patient is healthy; the wolf guessed, the fox disappeared into the hole, the wolf grabbed her leg, the fox said that he grabbed the root, let the wolf go; the wolf died of hunger and grief]: 231-235; the Macedonians [the wolf came to two rams; they offered him to eat the one who reached him faster; hit with horns on both sides, the wolf is barely alive; the mule says that the royal decree prohibiting him from harming him is written behind him; the wolf leans down to look, the mule kicks him with both hooves; the donkey suggests first than to eat it, jump over it three times; the wolf jumps, the owner of the donkey notices this, runs to the rescue; the pig asks permission to play the pipe first; screams at all possible, the owner comes running; the fox assures that the wolf was invited to the wedding; people beat the wolf; the fox ate porridge, smeared her head with the remnants, tells the wolf that her brains have been knocked out; the wolf agrees to carry it to her hole, she says "a beaten unbeaten man is lucky", hides in a hole; the wolf grabs the fox by the leg, which asks why he holds the root; the wolf lets the fox go; dies of grief and beatings]: Martin 1955:172-180; Serbs (Kosovo) [the wolf calls the fox to go with him to the village; there is a wedding; the fox invites the wolf to get into the house through the chimney and find out what is there; the wolf is stuck, the fox pushed him, people began to beat him fiercely wolf; at this time, the fox ate quietly and smeared her brains with cottage cheese and sour cream; when she met the wolf, he says that he was beaten with spoons, and her brains flowed out with axes; the wolf felt sorry for the fox and agreed take her home; the fox says: a beaten unbeaten man is lucky; when he is in his hole, he tells the wolf that he has strength, but is not smart]: Eschker 1992, No. 59:231-232; Serbs [wolf and fox found honey , agreed to leave until the deadline; the fox pretends to be called for christening; the bear asks what the child was named; the fox: Beginning; then Polovynash; then Oraebash; when the wolf finds out that there is no honey, he the fox began to mutually accuse each other; the wolf suggests comparing the secretions; the fox replaced them; offers to jump over the fire, whoever falls into the fire is to blame; the wolf fell into the fire, burned; the fox lay down on on the road, she was picked up, she threw the fish off the cart, told the wolf she had caught it; smeared her head with lard; told the wolf that she was even worse than him; he took it to the ice-hole; she taught her to put her tail into the ice-hole and say, "Catch big and small fish"; tail froze; in the morning the fox called people, they killed the wolf]: Zlatković 2005:5:19-20; Slovenes, Croats, Romanians, Greeks: Uther 2004 (1), No. 3:19-20.
Central Europe. Russians (Vladimir, Voronezh, Kursk, Perm), Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Transcarpathia, Poltava, Kharkiv), Belarusians [Lisa covers her head with dough (sour cream): intentionally or accidentally, the fox hits its head in sauerkraut with dough (a pot of sour cream); pretends to be beaten so much that her brain came out]: SUS 1979, No. 3:53; Ukrainians (Kharkiv) [Grandfather's rooster finds there is a wheat ear in the litter, the woman's chicken is the top, the grandfather grinds flour from the grains of the ear, the woman rubs the poppy seeds with honey and flour, cooks a pie, puts it on the window to bake in the sun (poor, they do not have an oven). The fox persuades the wolf to steal the cake, notices that it is not ready yet and offers to sleep first while the wolf sleeps, she eats the delicious filling, replaces it with feces (in the text "guess what"), then accuses him. He swears to "eat the earth," she suggests lying in front of the sun and waiting for wax on one of them's body, the wolf falls asleep, she steals wax from the apiary, smears it, the wolf admits that he ate honey, though and doesn't remember it, promises to give her her first loot. The fox lies in the way of the merchants, gives off a strong smell of "what is urine", they decide that she is dead, puts it on the cart, she gnaws through the cart and throws the fish on the road, runs away by herself. The wolf asks for a treat, she suggests catching fish herself, explains that you need to put the tail into the ice-hole, saying: "catch a fish.." The fox says "frost and frost, wolf host" nearby, says that it helps. He convinces him to sit longer when the frost gets stronger, shouts "pull", he cannot, stays on the ice, the fox reports about the wolf in the village, the residents come running and hitting him, he leaves his tail in the ice-hole and runs away. He jumps into a drawn sleigh and escapes. The fox in an empty hut is smeared with dough, lies down on the road, says, beaten so badly that her brain has leaked out of her bones. She asks the wolf to let her into the sleigh, after much persuasion, he lets her in, hears the sleigh crunching, she says as if she is biting a nut, the third time the sleigh breaks, the wolf goes to the forest for firewood to fix the sleigh , the fox eats the horse's insides, puts live sparrows there, covers the hole under the tail with straw. The wolf decides that the horse has eaten too much straw, pulls it out, birds fly out, and the skin falls. The fox convinces the wolf that he cannot walk, he harnesses himself into the repaired sleigh and carries it, she says "the beaten unbeaten man is lucky", gets better when the wolf asks her again]: Afanasiev 1958 (1), No. 4:7-9; Russians (Zaonezhye or Pinega, p. Gusevo, 1927) [The old man buys a barrel of herring in the city, picks up a dead fox from the road, and puts it on the cart. She finds herself alive, throws the fish out of the barrel and jumps off herself. The old man tells his wife that he brought her herring and collar, but he does not find either one or the other on the cart. The fox brags about its prey to the wolf, says that she caught the herring sitting on the ice, lowering its tail into the ice-hole. The wolf follows her example, pulls his tail, thinks that it is heavy because it has a lot of fish; when the village men appear, the wolf runs away with its tail off. The fox smeared her head with sauerkraut, complains that she was beaten and her brain leaked, the wolf is carrying her, she says "a beaten unbeaten man is lucky"]: Nikiforov 1961, No. 46:113-114; Russians (Pskov) [woman sews a fur coat; says to her husband: I would go to buy a fox collar; there were no collars at the bazaar, the husband bought fish; the fox lay down on the road, the man picked it up, the fox threw the fish out of the bag, jumped; says to the wolf that caught it on the tail in the ice-hole; the wolf's tail froze, a woman came to the ice-hole, hits the wolf with a rocker arm, the fox in the hut, eats pancakes all smeared; tells the bear that her brains are out - she hit the pine tree with a take-off ; the bear also tried to hit - it was not his brains that flowed, but blood; the fox tells the hare where she picked the pancakes; he was caught in the hut; {further inserts are clearly of literary origin}]: Ploshchuk 2004, No. 1:59-61 ; Russians (Ryazan) [grandfather rides firewood from the city where he bought fish and flour; the fox pretended to be dead, he picked it up; she threw all the fish on the road, jumped off by herself; tells the wolf that in the ice-hole caught it on the tail; you should say "Catch, fish, big and small"; the wolf's tail froze, the wolf's baby with a rocker arm, he tore off his tail, ran away; the fox at that time smeared his head with a test: she was beaten more, brains released; the wolf agrees to drag it on himself; the fox says: the beaten unbeaten man is lucky; the grandfather came to his wife: no fish, no fox on his collar; (the same sketchy, No. 5-9:7-9)]: Samodelova 2013, No. 4:5-7; Russians (Voronezh) [The wife asks her husband to bring her a shirt from the city. He forgets it, buys goose and fish. On the way back, she remembers his shirt, sees a dead fox on the road and takes his wife on the collar. On the way, the fox eats the goose, picks up the fish and runs away. The husband says that he bought a single file, his wife hears that the shirt is narrow, she burns her old shirt. The husband brags to his wife that he brought her a hotel, but she finds neither a fox collar, nor a goose, nor a fish, and scolds her husband. The fox treats the wolf with the last fish and invites him to catch more in the ice-hole. He plants it tightly on ice, ties a basket to his tail, says out loud "catch, catch big and small fish", says to himself "freeze, freeze, wolf tail". Women come for water, beat the wolf with a cold, the fox runs into the house, smears her head with bread (dough), tells the wolf that the beatings have leaked her brain out of her head. Animals draw lots, the wolf gets to carry the fox, it says "the beaten unbeaten man is lucky", the wolf hears and eats the fox]: Baryshnikova 2007, No. 25:125-127; Poles [the fox brings the hungry wolf to wedding or tavern; he is so full that he cannot get into the hole through which they entered the house; he was beaten badly; the fox put his head in the dough, ran away; tells the wolf that she was beaten even worse - brains leaked out]: Krzyżanowski 1962, No. 3:52; Lusatians [pointing to the reflection of the moon, the fox tells the wolf that there is cheese in the well; advises him to drink water; when he is no longer able to drink, he plugs his ass; There was no cheese, the fox says that someone must have taken it away; the fox brought the wolf to the house, where the smell of sausage came from; at the entrance there was a dog; the fox pulled out the wolf's plug, everything was flooded with water, people climbed onto the benches the fox took out the sausage; the wolf was beaten, and the fox was smeared in lingonberries; said it was blood, persuaded the wolf to bring it home; on the way he says, "The beaten unbeaten man is lucky"; when the wolf realized that she is mutters, he threw it off the bridge into the water]: Romanenko 1962:120-122; Slovaks, Czechs: Uther 2004 (1), No. 3:19-20.
Caucasus - Asia Minor. Georgians [(one entry); the fox put its head in a pot of yogurt; trying to pull out her head, she broke the pot, the corolla remained around her neck, and her head was in yogurt; she pretends to be so they beat that her brains have run out; the wolf believes and carries it on himself]: Kurdovanidze 2000, No. 3, 4:9; Turks (Ankara, Kars) [fox pretends to be dead, man carrying fish in a sleigh picks it up; fox throws off the fish and runs away; tells the wolf that it has caught by lowering its tail into the water; the wolf lowers its tail, the fox makes the water freeze; the fisherman rushes to beat the wolf, he runs away with his tail cut off; the fox falls through the chimney into the sauerkraut with the dough, smears, tells the wolf that she was terribly beaten; the wolf agrees to carry it on himself]: Eberhard, Boratav 1953, No. 5:30.
Iran - Central Asia. Mountain Tajiks (Hovaling) [the wolf went to one village, was bitten by dogs; the fox went to another, stole a bag with a roll; some of it poured over his head, said that her brains were leaking; wolf offered to carry it; the fox sings like a sick person carries a healthy one; the wolf understood, chased the fox, which hid in the mill gutter; the wolf wanted to pull it out, was hit by a wheel and died; fox: was a long-tailed wolf as a guy, a fox killed him with coquetry]: Levin et al. 1981, No. 11:114-115.
Baltoscandia. Estonians, Setu [this text is north of Tartu County (Maarja-Magdalena), but the setu has especially many options throughout Estonia; the fox sees a person carrying fish on a sleigh; pretends to be dead, the man picks it up, she slowly dumps the fish, jumps off, eats the fish; tells the wolf that she caught it with his tail down the ice-hole; tells him to drag it, the wolf cannot; fox: there are so many fish to follow help people; people run after the fox, see the wolf, he does not think to be afraid, but he is beaten, he breaks his tail, runs away; the fox stole chickens, smeared sour cream on his head; says to the wolf that dogs have been lowered on it; jumping over the fence, she broke her head, her brains leaked out, the wolf agrees to drag her on him; to meet the hare; when he found out what was going on, he also decided to help, went behind, holding a fox tail; the fox says "The beaten man is lucky"; tells the wolf that he complains of pain and hunger; the hare promises to help; seeing a woman with a basket of buns, he pretends to be dead; the woman comes up, the hare jumps up, the woman drops in fear the basket, the wolf takes it away; the fox says the hunter is coming; the wolf and the hare are running away, the fox eats buns]: Mälk et al. 1967, No. 1:11-14; Estonians [The fox put her head in a keg of yogurt, all smeared herself; when she saw the Wolf, she said that she was stealing chickens, the owner hit her on the head with a pole, had to anoint her sore spots with yogurt and clay; the Wolf agreed to take her on his back; she sings "Broken The unbeaten man is lucky"; leads the Wolf to that keg, the Wolf's head gets stuck, the owner falls on him, the Wolf falls into the forest, hardly drops the barrel and the owner, the owner is happy that he was not taken to hell]: Jakobson 1954: 98-102; Finns: Concca 1993 [a farmer was carrying a cart of fish; the fox pretended to be dead; he picked it up, she dropped the fish and ran away; tells the bear that she caught it with its tail in the ice-hole; bear tail freezing, the fox called people; the women began to beat the bear, the tail came off, since then only a stump; the fox ate butter from the buttermilk, smeared with cream, since then the breast has been white; the hostess threw a pestle at her, that touched the tip of its tail, since then it has been white; the fox tells the bear that its brains are out; the bear put the fox on its back, she says, "A healthy patient is lucky"; replies that he is talking; the bear threw off the fox, but she asks to take it to the haystack to die; the bear fell asleep in the hay, the fox set it on fire, since then the bear has been brown; the wolf tells the fox that he jumped on the horse, grabbed the tail and bit to death; the fox grabbed the horse by the tail, it carries it, the hare laughs, its lip burst; fox: sooner the jaw breaks than the horse's tail will have a snack]: 165-169; Rakhimova 2000:167 [the fox has white porridge, the bear has black; the fox: I drip fat from under my tail into the porridge; the bear burns its tail, the fox advises to put it into the ice-hole, calls people; the bear ran away, cutting off its tail; the fox smeared his head with yogurt, tells the hunters that her beaten, her brains have leaked out; at night, an unrecognized woman comes to the same house, she is given the remains of yogurt], 168-169 [the fox lured the wolf into the hut to eat supplies, closed the door outside; the hostess beats the wolf, he jumped out through window; the fox says that her brains have run out, the wolf agrees to carry it on him, she sings "The patient drags the healthy, the buxom laughs"; the wolf grabs her, she asks to tell me where the wind is blowing; pretends not to hear, the wolf shouts, "From the West", opens its mouth, the fox runs away]; Karelians: Lavonen 1992 (Kalevalsky District, Western 1937; from Karelian Folk Tales 1963, No. 4) [fox, bear, the hare sowed bread, began to clean it; the bear reaps, then threshes, the fox and the hare are lounging; the fox: you'll get a bunch bigger, and we get a smaller one; the bear does not mind; the fox lay down on the road, the old man was carrying fish, picked it up fox; she dropped the fish, jumped off herself; the wife scolds the old man: she could not catch it, she also talks about the fox; the fox offers to divide the bread; the bear got a large pile of chaff, the fox got the grain and hare; the fox says it caught fish with its tail down the ice-hole; the bear lowered its tail, he froze, people started beating the bear, he ran away; the fox is lying, his head is covered with sour cream; says that she was beaten so much that her brains they leaked out; the hare looks at it, laughs - his lip burst]: 178-179; Makarov 1963, No. 88 (Tver) [the evil old woman drove her husband to bring fish and a collar for clothes; the old man bought fish, picked up the one lying on the road the fox; the fox threw the fish out of the sleigh and jumped off on its own; the wolf believes that it caught fish on its tail; the tail froze, the women began to beat the wolf, the tail came off; the fox climbed its head into the sauerkraut; tells the wolf that she was beaten; the wolf offers to take her on his back; the fox: the beaten unbeaten is lucky; the wolf: what? fox: I say that a broken man is lucky]: 187-188; Veps (materials by E. Lönnrot and A. Alquist) [the man was driving with fish; saw a fox pretending to be dead; put it in a fish barrel; the fox threw all the fish into the snow on the way and ran away; the man came home, told his wife about the fish and the fox; opened the barrel - it was empty; the fox picked up the fish and began to eat; the wolf asked where it got it; the fox replied that she put its tail into the ice-hole and caught it; the wolf tried to do the same; the tail froze; came women began to beat the wolf; he tore off his tail, ran away; at this time, the fox climbed into the house, ate the dough from the pan, knocked it over his head; when he returned to the forest, met the wolf; he began to reproach her; the fox said she was also beaten and her head was almost broken]: Ujfalvy 1875, No. 9:49-51; counselors: Kecskeméti, Paunonen 1974, No. 2:214-215; Latvians [The fox found the fish, told Wolf she caught it , putting her tail into the ice-hole; told the women that there was a wolf in the ice-hole; the wolf cut off her tail, Lisa smeared her head with a test, said that it was the women who broke her skull; the Wolf suggests taking the Fox to her hole, she repeats what a beaten unbeaten man carries]: Aris 1971:56-58; Lithuanians [the fox smeared her head with sour cream, and the wolf believes her brains have leaked]: Balys 1936, No. 3:3; Swedes [the fox smears her head with yogurt ( Buttermilch), pretends to have her brains out]: Liungman 1961, #3:5.
Volga - Perm. Mordva: Evseviev 1964, No. 12 [the old man carries a basket of fish, the fox pretended to be dead, he put it in the basket, she threw the fish away and ran away; tells the wolf what she caught by tying the basket to tail and lowered it into the ice-hole; by morning, the wolf's tail froze, the women began to beat the wolf, he cut off his tail, ran away; the fox smeared his head with dough, says that it stole chickens, beat her, her brains out; asks to take her to haystack, eat there; climbed from the wolf to the haystack]: 62-63; Paasonen 1941 [the old woman sent her husband to fish; he caught it, carried it home in the basket; the fox smeared her head with dough, lay down on the road as if dead; man put it in the basket, she threw the fish away and ran away; eats fish, replies to the bear that he was eating his eyes; the bear pulled out one eye and ate it; fox: I deceived you, caught a fish in the lake; the bear tied it to the tail of the basket, lowered its tail into the ice-hole (Wuhne); the tail was frozen, a Russian woman came for water, killed a bear with a rocker arm]: 273-275; 1947 [the old man was carrying fish in a sleigh; the fox pretended to be dead, her old man picked it up; she threw all the fish and jumped on her own; began to eat; told the wolf that she had tied a basket to its tail, put its tail into the ice-hole; the wolf did so; the women came, began to beat him, he cut off his tail, ran to look for the fox to eat; she climbed into the house, smeared her head with dough; told the wolf that she had been beaten worse - her brains out; the wolf felt sorry for taking her to the forest on his back; the fox pretended again dead; a crow came down, the fox caught it; the crow advises to eat it, put oil and honey in the basket together with it and throw it; began to eat butter and honey while sitting on a tree]: 836-839 (the second similar variant on S. 839-842).
Eastern Siberia. Yakuts (no place of recording; central?) [The fox pretends to be dead (the man throws her into his sleigh) steals fish from the cart. After listening to the fox, the wolf lowers its tail into the hole, hoping to fish. People come, the wolf breaks its tail and runs away. When meeting a wolf, the fox smeared his head with a suorat (varenets) and pretends to be beaten. A beaten wolf carries a fox]: Ergis 1967b, No. 4:162.
(Wed. Japan. The Japanese (from southern Tohoku to northern Kyushu) [The rabbit pretends to be unable to run fast, distracts the traveler, while the Monkey and Otter steal the traveler's property; the Rabbit persuades the Monkey to take a mat to sleep on a tree, an Otter - salt to salt fish in water or put its tail into salted water, the fish will be caught; takes beans for itself; the monkey falls asleep on the mat, falls asleep, the salt dissolves in water; the husk from the beans eaten covers the Rabbit's skin; he tells the Monkey and the Otter that he is worse off than him, he is covered with boils]: Ikeda 1971, No. 3:14).