M158. Tops and roots, ATU 1030.

.11.-.17.22.-.24.26.-.32. (.34.36.)

A person and an animal (devil) or two animals decide to cultivate the field and divide the crop so that one gets the aerial part and the other gets the underground part. One of the characters loses (all the time).

Laadi [spirit and peasant], (bulu), bobo [spirit and peasant], bambara [hare and hyena], Sudanese Arabs [fox and hyena], Moroccan Berbers [hedgehog and wolf], kabilas [hedgehog and boar], Berbers zuav and Shawis [hedgehog and jackal], Algerian Arabs [hedgehog and jackal; devil and people], Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, Maltese [hedgehog and jackal], Portuguese [man and devil; Jesus and St. Peter], Spaniards, Catalans [fox and wolf], Aragon [fox and bird (goat); cannibal and?] , Italians (Veneto, Tuscany, Campania, Molise), Ladins, English [peasant and devil], Scots [fox and wolf], Irish, Welsh [man and devil], French, Walloons [man and devil], Flemish [fox and wolf; man (God) and devil], Dutch [man and bear], Germans (Schleswig-Holstein, Pomerania, Switzerland, Austria), Aramaians [man and devil], Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Zhuans [man and Thunder], Viets [humans and evil spirits] ], Kashmiris [man and devil], Punjabi [fox and jackal], Gujarati [peasants and Shiva], Hindi [jackal and tiger], Assamese [crab and tiger], Santals [crane and tiger], condas [man and king], Kannada [people and king], Tamils [younger brother and older brother], sora [humans and crocodile], Maldives [grey heron and his wife's brother], Chinese [peasant and landowner], Serbs [St. Sava and Devil], Slovenes, Romanians, Greeks, Bulgarians [man and bear; hedgehog and fox], Poles [man and devil], Luzhitans [St. Peter and Devil], Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Galicia, Transcarpathia, Podolia, Kiev, Poltava [man and bear], Chernigov, Kursk), Belarusians, Russians (Arkhangelsk, Karelia [people) and bear], Pskov [man and bear], Tula, Voronezh, Orlovskaya, Tambov [man and bear], Ryazan), Armenians [man and devil], Talyshs [two neighbors], Turks [fox and bear], Turkmens [ man and devil], Tajiks [man and bear; fox and wolf], mountain Tajiks [fox and bear], Uzbeks [man and devil], Finns, Livons, leaders, Estonians [man and bear; man and devil], seto [fox and wolf; man and devil], Latvians [man and bear], Lithuanians, Finns [man and bear], Karelians [man and bear], Veps [man and bear], Norwegians [fox and wolf], Faroese, Swedes, Danes, Komi [man and devil] ; fox and bear (?) ; man and bear], Udmurts [man and bear; water and bear], Marie [man and bear], Mordovians [fox and bear; man and bear], Chuvash, Kazan Tatars [man and bear; fox and bear], ( Altaians, Mongols, Yakuts).

Bantu-speaking Africa. Laadi [spirit to the peasant: my land, you will work on it; peasant: I must feed the children; spirit: you will take the part of the crop that is underground, and for me the parts above the ground; the peasant planted sweet potatoes ; no one at the bazaar wanted to buy goods of the spirit; the spirit ordered the next time to change shares; the peasant sowed corn; the children of the spirit dug up roots; people laughed at the market; then the spirit disappeared from the country]: Aksenova et al. 2005:99-100; (cf. bulu [man and spirit dug trap pits; agreed that man would get all the males that fell into them, and the spirit would get all females; twice only males fell into the traps; the man's wife left where the carcass was cut, a broken machete; the spirit threw it into the pit and asked the woman to get it; spirit to man: if a female is trapped, then she is mine; took the man's wife]: Krug 1912, No. 3:108-109).

West Africa. Bobo [the spirits did not know how to cultivate the land; one zine offered the hare to cultivate the field together; let the hare work and he will pray, the hare will take what will grow underground, and he what is above the ground; the hare planted cassava, he went to the whole crop; the next time the zine chose the tops, but the hare sowed corn; no one in the bazaar wanted to buy corn roots; the zine demanded compensation; the hare : first notice your footprints on the field; he covered it, but immediately left new ones; zine left and then the spirits became invisible]: Anpetkova-Sharova 2010:151-152; bambara [when hungry, the hare offers hyena together cultivate the garden; sow corn; let one take the tops and the other roots; the hyena chooses what is in the ground; next time they plant sweet potatoes, the hyena chooses the tops; quarrels with a hare]: Anpetkova- Sharova 2010:105-106.

Sudan - East Africa. Sudanese Arabs [the fox invited the hyena to sow wheat; offered a choice of top or bottom; hyena: last time you deceived me when we sowed onions, so I'll take the bottom; the fox took the ears, The hyena got straw]: Al-Shahi, Moore 1920, No. 39:169-170.

North Africa. The Berbers of Morocco (south) [the hedgehog and the wolf cultivate the plot together, planted onions; hedgehog: do you want the bad and the wrong or the good and the right? the wolf chose the right one, got the tops; the hedgehog began to fly onions, the wolf dried up green, the wind took everything away; next time they sowed wheat, the wolf chose the wrong one, got roots; the hedgehog offered go to steal figs and grapes; seeing that he could eat too much, he got back through a narrow gap; the wolf ate and got stuck when the owner came out; the hedgehog advises you to pretend to be dead by opening your mouth and sticking it in the ass of a rotten apricot; the owner really threw the imaginary dead wolf over the fence, cutting off the tip of its tail; the hedgehog advised to call all the wolves to threshing, promising a fee; tie it by the tails and shout that the hound approaches; the wolves ran away, cutting off their tails; the owner turned to the judge, but could not determine which of the many tailless wolves were stealing from his property; then he sprayed the grapes, growing flour and pepper; the wolf ran away but starts coughing as soon as he opens his mouth; the hedgehog teaches you to start talking about a girl whose name sounds like a cough; the wolf is saved again]: Stumme 1894, No. 3:396-401; kabila: Frobenius 1921b, No. 13 [the hedgehog and wild boar planted onions; the boar agreed to take what was above the ground and the hedgehog what was underground; the next time they sowed wheat, the boar chose the roots, lost again; in the third year, the hedgehog offered to arrange a duel - the harvest will go to the strongest, the boar's brother is a lion and the hedgehog's brother is a jackal; the hedgehog pierced the wild boar, everyone admitted that he lost]: 33-35 (cf. No. 4 [the jackal and the hedgehog decided together grow beans; prepared a pot of butter and a pot of honey - they will return from work in the evening and eat; jackal: a neighbor has a child, we will have to go give him a name; went to where the pots were hidden, ate oil and honey, filled the pots with earth, anointed them with the remains of oil and honey on top; when he returned, he replied that the child was named bis auf dem Boden; during harvesting and processing, the jackal adjusts everything the hedgehog does the job; offers to divide: the jackal beans, the hedgehog is indignant; the jackal asks (his) brothers, they say: whoever reaches the barn faster will receive the grain; the hedgehog leaves his brother there ; when the jackal runs up, the hedgehog (i.e. hedgehog's brother) says that he has already reached; animals award beans to a hedgehog; both argue who ate butter and honey; man: go to bed with shards under you; eaten by whoever has them will be smeared with oil and honey; in the morning the jackal got up and changed his shards; the hedgehog accused him, the jackal tried to hit him and bite him, got all punched; decided not to mess with the hedgehog anymore, the harvest went to a hedgehog]: 13- 16); Shawi Berbers (Eastern Algeria), Algerian Arabs: Dähnhardt 1912 [the hedgehog and jackal planted onions, the jackal took the roots, the hedgehog tops; the next time they planted wheat, the hedgehog took the roots, and the jackal grain; then the hedgehog offered to give the wheat to the one who won the run; placed other hedgehogs along the distance; the jackal admitted defeat]: 69; the Berbers Zouave [the hedgehog and the jackal planted onions, the jackal took roots, hedgehog tops; next time they planted wheat, the hedgehog took the roots, and the jackal took the grain; the hedgehog is dissatisfied; the jackal offers to give wheat to someone who gets to the pile of grain faster; the hedgehog hid his brother in it, the jackal admitted defeat]: Dähnhardt 1912:69-70; the Arabs of Algeria [the devil said he was the lord of half the world and required half of the harvest; people offered a choice: what is under or above the ground; the devil chose what was above the ground; people planted turnips, the devil got the tops; the following year he demanded that people sow barley and wheat underground, and made the devil help them harvest ]: Certeux, Carnoy 1884, No. 19:55-56; Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1030:698-699

Southern Europe. The Maltese [the hedgehog and the jackal planted turnips; the hedgehog invites the jackal to choose the tops or roots, he chooses the tops, gets the tops; next time the jackal chooses the roots, gets the roots of wheat; they agree to race to the mountain and back; the hedgehog sets up his three brothers; the jackal runs, always sees the hedgehog in front, leaves the hedgehog wheat]: Stumme 1904, No. 23:86-88 (=Dähnhardt 1912:70) =Mifsud-Chircop 1978, No. 9B: 1, same No. 1030:426); Aragon [fox and bird (goat) agree together to cultivate the field and divide the crop; one of the negotiators always loses (chooses straw, not grain, etc.)]: González Sanz 1996, No. 9B: 64; Aragon [when dividing the crop, the cannibal chooses roots first and then the tops, each time choosing what has no value]: González Sanz 1996, No. 1030:107; the Catalans [the fox and the wolf planted potatoes; the fox invites the wolf to choose the ground or underground part of the crop; he chooses the tops; the next time they sowed wheat, wolf chooses roots; same Spaniards (Leon), Galicia]: Camarena, Chevalier 1997, No. 9B: 38-39; Portuguese [man and devil or Jesus and St. Peter is sharing the harvest; devil (St. Peter chooses roots when wheat was sown and tops when turnips or potatoes]: Cardigos 2006, No. 1030:257; Italians (Veneto, Tuscany, Campania, Molise): Cirese, Serafini 1975, No. 1030:258-259; frets: Uther 2004 (2), No. 1030:17-18.

Western Europe. The Scots [a pet dog, wild dog, wolf and fox found a keg of oil, buried it; the fox said her name was for christening; when she returned, she said that the child was named Foveeal "under his mouth"; in next time Half; then Licked to the end; they found that the oil was gone; the wolf was hung by the hind legs, the fox put oil under his face as if it had leaked out of his mouth; then the wolf and the fox they bought land, became farmers; when they sowed oats, the wolf chose the roots, and when they planted potatoes, the tops; the wolf began to steal potatoes; the fox advised me to read the name on the mare's hoof; she kicked him and killed]: Campbell 1890 (3), No. 65:108-111; the British [the peasant plows, the devil appears, says this is his land; the peasant offers him half of the crop - the tops; the peasant sowed turnips; The next year, the devil requires roots, the peasant sowed wheat; in the third year, the devil demands to divide the tops: who will eat how much; the peasant pierces iron rods into parts of the field, the sickle is all time is dumb; hell is angry, said he doesn't need this land]: Riordan 1987:110-113; Welsh (Radnorshire) [Davies and the hell planted potatoes; hell said he would take what was above the ground got the tops; the next time they sowed wheat, the devil demanded what was underground got roots]: Watkins 1932:426; French: Certeux, Carnoy 1884 (Perigord) [wolf and fox find nuts, the wolf chooses what is on top, gets the peel, the fox eats the grains; then they find the olives, the wolf chooses what's inside, gets the seeds, and the fox ate the flesh; also in Picardy, a story about man and trait, who choose tops or roots]: 56; Joisten 1991, No. 68 (Dauphine, 3 variants) [St. Martin (peasant, God) and the devil planted potatoes; the devil chose what was above the ground; the following year, wheat, the devil chose roots]: 363-364; Sébillot 1894, No. 65 (Lower Brittany) [wolf and fox sowed wheat; the wolf chose what was underground; the following year they sowed turnips, the wolf chose the tops]: 350; walloons: Laport 1932, No. 1020A [devil helps the peasant clear the field with the condition of getting half of the crop; chooses what is underground and the farmer sowed wheat; the next year the farmer sowed carrots and the hell chose the tops; suggests measuring whose bundle of firewood will be greater; man climbs an oak tree, as if intending to include it in a bundle; the devil runs away], 1030B [the plot does not bear fruit, the peasant calls the devil; he offers to divide the harvest, the devil gets an inedible part; comes to his wife peasant; she first says that her husband went to get a cherry tree to make a mallet handle; then that he went to the blacksmith to sharpen his nails; hell runs away]: 85; the Dutch [bear and man sowed wheat; the man offered roots to the bear, he did not mind; the following year, the bear chose what was above the ground, but sowed turnips; after that, the bear went to the forest and began to eat meat]: Soer 1979:136-137; Irish, Flemish, Germans (Schleswig-Holstein, Pomerania, Switzerland, Austria): Uther 2004 (2), No. 1030:17-18

Western Asia. The Arameans [mosulets and the devil planted onions; the devil chose the tops; the following year he chose roots, but planted wheat; the devil decided to fight, chose a pole, and the mosulet chose a stick; they began to fight in the house, the pole hit the ceiling, the beaten devil ran away; they changed and went to fight in the field, hell lost again]: Belov, Wilsker 1960:249-250 (=1972:400-401; Iraq, Saudi Arabia: El-Shamy 2004, No. 1030:698 -699.

Burma - Indochina. Zhuang (Yunnan) [the sky was close to the ground, since then the tops of bamboo have been crooked as they rested against the sky; the thunder god emitted lightning, blinking his eyes, creating gusts of wind with his wings, blows legs - thunder, an ax and a chisel in his hands, destroyed everything with them; came to visit a man named Bubo; after eating and drinking, he decided that he should collect tax from farmers; B. offered him a choice of tops and roots ; he said he was a celestial, so he chose the tops; B. planted a tarot, the thunder got rotten leaves and dry stems; the following year he chose roots and B. planted rice; the following year he chose roots, and B. planted rice; the following year the thunder promised to take both the tops and the roots, but B. planted corn and took the cobs; the thunder told his General Lumeng not to send rain anymore; B. told people to open the locks of the heavenly river, water irrigated the fields; then the thunder raised the sky higher, leaving only the sun and moon tree to communicate; B. led the people to take water from the underground dragon, but he was the thunder's brother and refused; then B. grabbed him by horns and told him to pluck his beard; the dragon gave him water; but in the third year there was drought again; the thunder sent General Lumang to repair the locks; B. climbed a tree into the sky, pushed L. into the river; one of the warriors, Qigao, warned that the thunder was going to kill people by drought; B. put his sword to the thunder's throat, making it rain; the thunder descended to take revenge, slipped on wet mats, caught and tied; B. went to get salt so that, after killing the thunder, he would pickle his meat; telling his children not to let him go, not to drink him, not to give him an ax; the thunder persuaded them (they gave him water with indigo paint, so he turned blue ), gained strength, flew out; gave his tooth, telling him to plant it: during the flood, only Fuyi and his sister will be saved; the thunderstorm opened the locks of the heavenly river, and the dragon released the waters of the underground lake; B. swam in an inverted umbrella; the thunder wanted to hack him with an ax, but B. cut off his legs himself; the thunder was afraid that B. would be in the sky with the waters of the flood, threw off the water; B. fell with his umbrella on the mountain, crashed, his heart bounced to heaven and became Venus; F. and his sister escaped in a pumpkin (which grew out of a thunder's tooth); came out when the waters came down; turtle, bamboo: you must marry; brother and sister: if you come alive, let's get married; they killed a turtle, cut bamboo, they were reborn; Venera-B. also told them to marry: light fires on two mountains, if the columns of smoke merge, then you can; sister gave birth to a piece of meat; they had it cut and scattered, people came out of the pieces; the thunder attached cockclaws to his feet instead of the severed feet; after the dragon's beard was pulled out, two pieces were left: his carp children had them ; Qugao has become an earthworm; when it crawls out, the thunder tries to cut it in half; if worms crawl out, it means a thunderstorm; shamans begin to know the future through turtle shells and bamboo stalks]: Miller 1994:137-150; the Viets [New Year's custom of putting a high pole in front of the house is explained by legend: many years ago, the land for cultivating irrigated rice was captured by evil spirits kui; people were forced to ask them for land and paid a large share of the crop every year; people turned to Buddha for help, he taught them how to make kui; kui they demanded roots, then Buddha ordered people to plant rice; as a result, people took "tops" and gave the "roots" to the spirits; the following year, the Kui demanded "tops" for themselves, then the Buddha advised people should plant sweet potatoes; people took rhizomes and gave the tops to kui; in the third year, the kui demanded both "tops" and "roots"; Buddha advised people to plant corn and take cobs that grow at the trunk; the Kui got angry and demanded that people return the land; Buddha ordered a basket of cobs to be brought in and exchanged for a piece of land covered by the shadow of a Buddhist monk's robe; the perfume made sure that the cassock was small and agreed to an exchange; the following year, Buddha advised people to plant bamboo and hang their cassock at the very top; bamboo grew to the sky, and the shadow of the cassock, thrown on its crown, fell all over the land; the spirits were forced to leave the land and depart towards the East Sea; so man inherited land, and the spirits had to ask for permission at least once a year go down to earth to visit ancestral graves; Buddha, so that the Kui would not interfere with people with his presence, ordered poles to be placed]: Leskinen 1996:63-64.

South Asia. Kashmiris [despise the farmhand because he has no land; the official gave him an abandoned plot; the hell came and said that he demanded half of his plot; the man asked if the upper one or the lower one, the devil chose the upper one; the man planted a turnip; the devil was fooled; the following year he chose the bottom, the peasant sowed barley; in the third year, the devil chose both the bottom and the top, and the man took the middle and planted corn; then the devil left the land to the peasant]: Sadhu 2002, No. 3:6-8; Punjabi [fox invites jackal to plant a vegetable garden; jackal: I'll take what's above the ground, you what's in the ground; fox planted potatoes, the jackal got the tops; the jackal agrees to take what is underground and plant cabbage next year; decided to work without a fox next time]: Zograf 1976:26-28; Gujarati [in At the end of Satya-yuga ("golden age"), Parasuram (Rama with an Axe) decided to exterminate the kshatriyas; 16 young kshatriyas hid in the temple of Shiva; from sweat and dust on his body, Shiva created 16 girls and gave them to kshatriyas in wives; when P. was going to kill them, Shiva said that these people were peasants and his sons-in-law; they asked Shiva to give them land; did he agree that half of the harvest was for him; the kshatriyas: lower or upper? Shiva chose the lower one, and when he returned, he found out that the grain was in the bins, but only stems were left; the following year Shiva chose the upper part, and people planted sweet potatoes; after that, Shiva agreed to give the entire crop, and these kshatriyas became farmers]: Beck et al. 1987, No. 25:85-87; Madhya Pradesh (Hindi) (probably) [jackal and tiger cultivate the plot together; the jackal persuades the tiger to take what It grows in the lowland and itself in the upper field; the jackal has rice and tortillas, and the tiger has only vegetables]: Grierson, Linguistic Survey of India, vol. VI in Bødker 1957, No. 332:170; Assames [tiger and crab cultivate the area together; when they plant rice, the tiger chooses stems, and the crab chooses ears when eggplants, crab fruits, tiger stems; tiger calls crab on a visit, cooks tasteless food from stems, the crab pretends to eat; calls a tiger, cooks deliciously, but the dishes are small; invites the tiger to put its tail in the hole, it will tie food vessels to it; he clamps his tail; the tiger asks the man to release him, promises not to eat; he cuts off the tail of the tiger; the tiger promises to bring deer to a person, but tells no one about this case, otherwise he will kill him; man fell ill, the fortune teller said that he would recover if he organized a party; the guests who came refused to eat when they saw a pile of bones in the yard; the peasant had to tell us what was going on; a tiger appeared and took him to forest; the man's stomach began to rumble; he explained that his mother let him swallow 120 crabs, half came out and the other would come out now; when he heard about the crabs, the tiger ran away]: Borooah 1955:31-39; Santals [a tigress and a tiger cub live under a tree, a crane with a crane in a tree; they have become friends; the tigress is dead, the crane takes care of the tiger cub; the crane offers to kill the crane (to devote herself to her life) only a tiger friend); kills; friends agree to plant turmeric, the tiger cub chooses what is above the ground; gets a pile of leaves, and the crane gets a pile of rhizomes; the tiger is dissatisfied, the crane scratches his eyes, leaves him alone; the blind man asks the man to find a doctor; he replies that there is a widow with two sons, one of them Ulta, he will cure; W.'s mother gives the tiger the caustic sap of a tree Calotropis gigantea, tells you to put it to your eyes in the forest; but the tiger really saw the light from the juice; he took gold from the merchants, brought W. to his mother; asks him to get a wife; neighbors advise: let the tiger give tie yourself in a sack, so you need it for a wedding; they beat the tiger, throw the bag into the river; the tiger is caught; the tiger is happy and grateful; both tigers robbed other merchants and brought everything back to W.]: Campbell 1891:93-97; the condas [the first king was Bharata; he made an agreement with the tenants: ends for him and his beginning; the kuvi gave the king the stems and took ears for themselves; the following year the king demanded ends for themselves, and let them begin with the kuvi; they planted sugar cane, received stems, became rich, even the pillars and beams of the houses were golden; when the king came to the village of Kuvi, they did not even bother to stand up. to greet him; they answered the king that when he hung bells on his clothes, they would greet him; the king told his brother Chitri about the insult and asked him to give it to him for a year power; suggested Kuvi that each family give only one pumpkin to the king; kuvi glad; C. asked Hanuman to sow pumpkins on his mountainside; they were well ugly, and the kuvi did not ripen pumpkins at all; H. agreed to sell his kuvi pumpkins, but only worth their weight in gold; he had to give not only gold poles and logs, but also jewelry; the king said that from then on, the kuvis would be poor, they would work like goats and begging like dogs]: Schulze 1922, No. 3:34-36; sora (Hill Saora) [a crocodile in a pond devours those who fit, people can't use water; the old man and the old woman began to drink through a long a pipe; the crocodile decided that he would not be able to eat them, offered to cultivate the field together; they sowed root crops; the crocodile replied that he would take the fruits, the roots went to man; the crocodile offered to plant rice, chose the roots, lost again; sent his seven sons to study; the man locks them, eats one every day, then runs away with his wife; the crocodile hides in clear water, the man loudly says he will go to drink muddy; then vice versa; the crocodile comes ashore, pretends to be dead; the man tells his wife that dead flesh must sway; the crocodile died in the sun, a man with his wife ate him]: Elwin 1954, No. 17:288-289; kannada (Mysore) [when Emperor Rama was expelled by his father and lived in the middle of nowhere, Bharata became regent, rayats tried not to give anything to the treasury; if orders were given to give up what was above the ground, they planted roots and tubers, and if they ordered what was underground, they sowed rice, etc.; when Rama returned, found the treasury empty; then he collected the seeds gray pumpkin, kept one for himself, and boiled the rest in milk and sent each of the rayats to pay the tax in the form of one pumpkin; but since the seeds did not germinate, rayats sent gold worth the weight of a pumpkin; Rama ordered send children, and rayats sent lower-caste children; Rama told {rhyme} for the children of the street to grow up and the children of the room to stunt; Rama ordered to bring seeds of various cereals to make them self-growing; but, fearing his tricks, they brought him grass seeds, which now grow on their own and cereals must be grown; remembering the gray pumpkin, they no longer plant it in these places]: Narasimmiyengár 1874:28-29; Tamils [the younger brother is childless; someone sold him a child for a measure of corn and a rupee, but there was a monkey in the bag; she did any job and called her younger brother father; the monkey son asked his uncle ( that is, the older brother) that they grow best, and he said that tobacco; asked if he wanted the upper or lower part (of the harvest), he chose the lower one; the younger brother collected tobacco leaves, and the elder stems were taken; the following year, a monkey son planted an onion and the older brother chose the upper part; the older brother angrily killed two cows pulling the younger brother's irrigation mechanism; a monkey son took off his skins and climbed a tree under which the robbers were staying; they came, began to divide the money, one of them is blind; "Share honestly, otherwise the sky will fall on you"; at that moment the monkey son threw off skins; the robbers ran away, the monkey son brought money to his father; the younger brother's wife sent him to measure money from the elder; the youngest explained to the elder that he allowed the skins on straps and sold it; he slaughtered his four cows, sold nothing, burned down the youngest's house; the monkey son collected ash in a bag, came to the robbers, said that there were jewelry in the bag, and then we would divide it; when they fell asleep, the monkey son changed his bag with the one in which the robbers had jewelry, brought it to his father; the elder brother burned down his house, no one bought ash; the elder brother put the monkey in a bag, threw it into the river; a shepherd nearby; a monkey Shouts out of the bag that he was thrown into the river because he does not want to marry his father's sister's daughter; the shepherd took his place; the older brother came with a stick, began to beat the bag; the goats went to the monkey; he said that there are more goats there; the older brother asked him to put him in a bag and throw him into the river; drowned]: Beck et al. 1987, No. 32:113-116; Maldives [gray heron (Mākana) agreed to the offer his wife's brother to cultivate the plot together; his wife's brother offered to divide the crop in half: for him what was underground and M. what was above the ground; sweet potato was underground; the following year M. chose what was in the ground, but they planted bananas; both times the wife cursed terribly that M. was so gullible]: Romero-Frias 2012, No. 55:208-209.

China - Korea. The Chinese [the landowner suggested that the peasant divide everything in half: he had tops and the peasant roots; the peasant planted sweet potatoes; the next year the landowner demanded tops, the peasant sowed wheat; in the third year, the landowner demanded both tops and roots; the peasant sowed corn and received cobs; the landowner died of grief]: Lin Lin, Ustin 1959:394-396.

The Balkans. Bulgarians [the story was also distributed through written texts; a man and a bear (a giant) or a hedgehog (or other animal) and a fox decide to share the crop; when they sow wheat, a person (hedgehog) takes for themselves what is above the ground (ears), and the bear (fox) is what is underground (roots); when they sowed onions, vice versa]: Daskalova-Perkovska et al. 1994, No. 9B: 42; Serbs [St. Sava and hell met on the road; Sava offers to farm together; planted onions; Sava suggests choosing, hell chose green above the ground because he didn't know about bulbs; when they sowed cabbage, hell chose what was underground; the third time the devil offered to plant potatoes, chose tops; then wheat (chose roots); grapes; the devil chose the thicker one - cake; added water and alcohol; "This drink - the blessing of old people and the curse of the young"; disappeared and was never seen again]: Eschker 1992, No. 90:282-286; Slovenes, Romanians, Greeks: Uther 2004 (2), No. 1030:17-18.

Central Europe. Poles [devil and man (woman) agree to share the harvest; when they sow wheat, barley or millet, the devil chooses the roots, and when turnips, the tops; hell is ready to give the whole crop if the peasant will come on horseback (he will bring an animal) whom the hell did not see; he smears his wife with tar and feathers]: Krzyżanowski 1962, No. 1030:11-12; Czechs, Slovaks: Uther 2004 (2), No. 1030:17-18; Luzhitans [St. Peter and the devil stole the pig; Peter took the front and the line got the tail; went for cabbage, Peter took the tops, the devil's roots; the potatoes, on the contrary]: Romanenko 1962:128-129; Ukrainians (Eastern Slovakia, Galicia, Transcarpathia, Podolia, Kiev, Poltava, Chernigov, Kursk), Belarusians, Russians (Arkhangelsk, Karelia, Pskov, Tula, Voronezh, Oryol, Tambov, Ryazanskaya) [Sharing the harvest: "I have tops, you have roots," a man (bear) with a devil (fox) persuades and sow wheat; next year the tops are promised a line, but since they sowed turnips, hell again fooled]: SUS 1979, No. 1030:258; Russians (Karelian Pomorie, Sniffer) [the bear and the old man sowed turnips, the bear chose the tops; sowed life roots; the bear met the old man, was going to eat; old man: they're coming to pick up bear meat today; bear: put me on wood; hunters: who are you taking? - Kokoru. - Kokora would be tied with ropes like that. Bear: tie it up; hunters: there would be a coconut, the ax would be stuck; bear: slap; the old man spotted a bear, got meat and skin]: Razumova, Senkina 1974, No. 66:312-313; Russians (Pskov) [Man cultivates the field for turnips; the bear asks for a share; they draw lots who gets the bottom and who gets the top; the bear gets the upper hand; the next year the man sows wheat; the bear demands the bottom, gets roots ; threatens to kill a man; he asks to say goodbye home, meets a fox, she promises to help for the chicken and the rooster; rattles in bags of iron, pretending to be approaching hunters; the bear asks the man to cut off paws him and say he is dead; a man kills a bear; a fox demands the promised chickens; a man brings two dogs in a bag; dogs drive a fox into a hollow; the fox asks his legs, eyes, how they helped her run away; the tail replies that it was dangling and clinging, the fox gives it to the dogs; dogs pull the fox by the tail]: Smirnov 1917, No. 105:348-350; Russians (Tambov, Lipetsk U.) [A man and a bear sow turnips together, a man asks for roots, a bear takes the tops believing that they are more valuable. When wheat is sown, the bear takes the roots, and the man takes the tops. The bear is angry and wants to eat the man, he cries, the fox sees him and promises to help him. She asks from the bushes, "Are there any biryuk wolves here, medvedev?" , the bear asks the man to say no, promises not to eat it. The fox asks what is lying by the cart, the man, at the bear's request, says that the deck, the fox says that the deck should be tied, the man ties the bear, the fox, says that the deck must be stuck an ax, a man sticks an ax at the bear's request and kills it. The man gives her a bag of white chickens as a reward, but asks her not to look, she can't stand it, opens it - dogs jump out of the bag and chase her. She hides in a hole, asks her ears, legs and tail, her ears listened, her legs ran, and her tail interfered - she sticks it out and dogs pull her out of the hole and tear her out of the hole and tear her apart]: Afanasiev (1984), No. 249 (7b) : 35-36; Eastern Ukrainians (Poltava, Romny Utilities) The bear sees how they plow, sow, harvest, plows everything that remains, carries it into its hole, demands half for himself, and promises to eat all the oxen. The peasants offer the bear what the potatoes have above the ground, they don't like what they get. The fox asks if there is a bear, she is told not, and the cart has a deck. The fox says that an ax should be stuck in the deck, and the bear asks you to stick an ax into it to look like a deck. The fox says that she saved the peasants' lives, asks them for a bag of chickens, they give her two dogs in a sack, they run after her, tear off her tail, she hides in a hole, praises parts of her body, she is not happy with her tail - she sticks out outside, they tear it off. They laugh at her. She goes to the forest, invites animals to collect "oxalis". She twists the rest of the tails, screams as if she sees hunters, the animals lose their tails, she manages to type...]: Gnedich 1916, No. 1476:7-8.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. The Armenians (Mox) [the old man and Satan sowed onions in the field, Satan chose the tops, got the tops; the following year they sowed wheat, Satan chose roots]: Orbeli 1982, No. 44:76-77; Talysh [two the neighbor decided to cultivate the land together; the first suggests that he will take the upper part of the crop and let the other take the lower part; the first harvested grain, leave the other straw; the next year the second neighbor He needs the top of the crop for himself; they planted potatoes and he got the tops; God turned him into a cat and his first neighbor into a mouse]: Asatryan 2005:7-8; Turks [fox and bear climbed into the vineyard; fox she put grapes in her nose, says that she ate to her nostrils; the bear continues to eat, is overweight, fell into the hunting hole; the owner came, began to beat him, the bear barely escaped; the fox offers the bear to grow bread, divide the crop in half; says he will take the tops of the wheat, the bear agrees to take the rest; next time the fox offers to grow onions, the bear agrees to take the tops, the bulbs the fox gets; they fight; the fox first takes a belt, gives the bear a club, he cannot approach the fox; they change weapons, but the bear cannot swing a club in the den; the bear agrees to give it to the fox and wheat and onions]: Stebleva 1986, No. 4:22-24.

Iran - Central Asia. Turkmens [Satan asks Aldarkosa to deceive him; he says he must go home to buy a deceptive tree, let Satan hold the wall for now, or fall; after waiting all day, Satan bounced, the wall did not fall; in the guise of a respectable elder, Satan came to the same place A.; the head of honor must be given to the oldest of those present; Satan; I was born a hundred years earlier than alive; A. cries : At this time, my youngest son, an adult boy, died; Shaitan and A. sowed onions; Satan chose the part of the crop above the ground; next time they sowed corn, Shaitan chose roots; Shaitan and A. went along deeds; agreed: one carries the other, and he sings; when the song ends, they change; Satan sang, carried A.; he picked up a stick like a dutar, began to repeat, te, and so on until they got to places]: Kekilov, Kosayev 1962:94-96; mountain Tajiks: Levin et al. 1981, No. 52 (Makhrozi, above Nurek) [fox and bear sowed wheat; bear chooses roots, fox chooses tops; next year they sowed onions, the bear chose the tops; in the third year, beets, the bear chose the roots, and finally guessed it]: 52; Rosenfeld, Rychkova 1990, No. 36 [The fox and the bear agree to plow the field; the Bear chooses" light "yoke and plough" (not a tourniquet); The bear has difficulty carrying everything; when sharing the harvest, the Fox asks if he wants light straw or heavy grains; the Bear chooses straw; next time: light tops or heavy beets; The bear chose the tops, ate too much, died]: 137-138; Tajiks: Levin et al. 1981, No. 237 (Mark) [wolf and fox decided to farm; fox: do you want to take a tight rope or light plow; the wolf takes the plow, it's hard for him; they planted turnips and carrots; fox: you want bitter roots or sweet tops; the wolf has chosen the tops], 352 (Andijan district, Ferghana Valley) [the dekhanin and the bear became cultivate the land together; agreed to give roots to deckhanin, leaves to a bear, planted turnips; the following year, the bear chose roots but planted wheat; the bear and the deckhanin quarreled]: 234, 263; Uzbeks [Shaitan and Dekhkanin sowed corn, Shaitan chose what was below; the farmer took the cobs, left Satan stems; the following year they sowed carrots, Satan chose the tops; they found two pots with gold; the dekhanin offered to divide, but Satan demanded to give them to the older one; Satan: I am 170 years old; the dekhanin cries: my youngest son would be the same age now; Satan offers each other carry and sing songs - who takes longer; while riding Satan, a dekhkan sings "Tra-la-la" until Satan throws him off and runs away]: Afzalov et al. 1972:270-272.

Baltoscandia. Estonians: Jakobson 1987 [the bear was hired to guard the field, asks for what is in the ground; the wheat is ripe, the bear has roots; the following year he asked for what is above the ground; the owner sowed turnips, a bear tops; the bear told the fox that he would kill the peasant; the fox: I will help if you give chicken with chickens; the peasant agrees; the bear meets the peasant; the fox barks, the bear believes that a hunter is coming with 10 dogs; fox in a rude voice: what's dark there; bear: say it's a stump; if it's a stump, why don't you load it on the cart; bear: I'll climb it myself; fox: why don't you tie it; man: the ropes are bad; fox: I'll help you now with dogs; bear: tie it well; fox: why don't you cut a stump with an ax; bear: hit lightly; a peasant killed a bear; brought three dogs to the fox in a bag instead of a chicken; she opened the bag, rushed into hole, tail out; dogs pulled it out and killed it; fox: why did I dig a bear hole, I got into it myself]: 111-115; Kippar 2010, No. II.3 (eastern Estonia, Maarja-Magdalena) [bear to man: for I'll guard your field, my roots; the man picked oats; next time the bear wanted tops, the man picked turnips; the fox to the man: will you give two bags of chickens for not letting the bear eat you? the man agrees; the fox taught me how to answer; makes noise; man: these are the royal rangers looking for wolves and bears; bear: climb on the cart, I will say that there is a thick log; fox: why not tied; man tied up a bear; why don't they stick an ax? the man hacked the bear; brought the fox two dogs in bags; untied it, the fox disappeared into the hole; began to ask his eyes and legs how they helped to escape; tail: and I clung to the bushes; the fox stuck him out of the hole, dogs they pulled the fox by the tail and lifted it up], IV.6 (Viljandi) [devil (vanapagan) hired Hans on condition not to be angry; whoever gets angry first will cut off the other nose; when the hell starts ripping out the spruce trees with roots, H. pretended to have a stomachache; suggested that the devil carry butts and he carry the tops of his head, sit on the Christmas trees himself, carry him with them; H. pretends to count wolves; hell runs with urine and not looks around; hell tells me to cook beer in three days; H.: while they were running, he twisted his leg; the devil himself brings barley to the brewery; H. sold barley, bought tar, damn drank it instead of beer and praised it; haymaking H. mows his braids with a handle; hell I have to say that he is not angry; but then gives X. the best pieces, before that, only bones; hell: let the tools work themselves; while the hell slept, H. mowed his plot; hell called the devils and they did everything for him; hell offered to fight; H.: first with my older brother; set the hell on the bear, the hell barely escaped; hell: race; H. offers a younger one brother, a hare, the hell did not catch up with him; they began to throw stones; the line fell back by noon; H. threw a sparrow, three days later the hell thought that stone X. was stuck on the cloud; hell with his grandfather's club, he threw it almost to the cloud; H. cannot lift it; pretends to wait for the clouds to float, throw it at him; it's a pity for the club, tells me not to throw it; the devil offers to choose part of the harvest; H. chooses wheat tops, then turnip roots; both times the hell is a loser; in the forest both wanted to drink, H. offered to drill holes in the birch trees to drink juice; we'll drill with a penis; H. has a drill with him, the hole is ready, the poor devil is suffering; in the forge he taught H. how to fuse pieces of iron; hell went to the wedding, told X. to clean his children and bring him, he would also look at him {in the sense of looking}; H. gutted the children, washed his intestines, strung his eyes on a rope, brought a line, threw his eyes into his chest; hell remembered that he should not be angry; decided to get rid of H.; told the old woman to climb under the window on birch and cuckoo {that means the end of the term of employment}; H.: it's too early for the cuckoo, took a gun, shot; hell: where do you sleep? H.: on the stove; he lay down where the grain was dried; at night, the devil threw a knife on the stove, there were dishes full of milk, everything spilled; hell: I'm in cockroaches; the same the next night (H. said he would sleep on a bench stoves, on the stove myself); hell: I scared the cat; the same on the third night (I lay down not where the grain is dried, but on the bench by the stove); hell decided to run away from H., took a bag of money with him, H. hid in it; Halt H. slowly got out: he barely caught up with you! I had to pay the line, he became impoverished himself, and H. bought a farm; in winter he cut down the forest; the line: I warm my hands; hell: mine was frozen; H. offered to put his hands in a half-split log, knocked out a wedge; freed him for his promise bring a bag of gold; hired H. as a shepherd; fell asleep on a hot day, the cattle rushed home, trampled the line to death]: 33-34, 78-85; set: Kippar 2010, № II.1 [after threshing the grain, the fox and the wolf went to the mill; the fox took the grain and the wolf the straw; the wolf wonders why his grinding sound is different], II.6 [the man drank the ground, offered a line (vanapagan) soul to buy land again; hell I agree to the contract: what will grow above the ground, the man, and what is underground is the line; the man got wheat; the next time the hell said his tops to himself - the man got potatoes; hell came, he began to swear , but no man; wife: went to the forge to make iron claws to scratch out the eye line; hell ran away, left all his wealth]: 27, 37; Karelians: Konkka, Tupitsyn 1967, No. 55 (South Karelia) [man and the bear works together in the field; the bear chose the tops, got the tops from the turnips; the next year they sowed wheat, the bear chose the roots; then the man began to bend the arcs; the bear tried it - everyone breaks; became friends with a man]: 374-375; Sidelnikov 1981 [a man and a bear sowed radish; a bear chooses tops, a man chooses roots; next year they sow buckwheat, a bear chooses roots; a man with a bear made friends]: 228; Veps [man and bear agree to cultivate the field together; a man works, asks the bear not to approach because his horse is afraid; the bear knows how much of the oats is edible , thinks that turnips also eat tops, chooses tops; the man is afraid to go for turnips: the bear's tops have rotted, he will now eat it; negotiates with his wife; she screams from a distance like a hunter; the man answers that there are no bears here; he lies down in the cart, allows himself to be tied, hit with an ax; a man kills a bear, takes the carcass home with his wife, then comes for turnips]: Onegin, Zaitseva 1996, No. 50:174-176; The Finns [the bear and the peasant agreed to sow half of the field with wheat and the other with turnips; where turnips grew, the peasant asks the bear what he wants to take; the bear replies that the one above with land; roots in the wheat field; the bear promises revenge]: Salmelainen in Concca 1991:305-306; Finns: Goldberg 1957 [the bear comes to work for a peasant; he proposes to divide the field into sow turnips for one half, wheat for the other; when it is time to divide the crop, the bear first chooses what is above the ground (turnip tops), then what is underground (wheat roots); after tasting food from the peasant, promises to pay him for the deception]: 51-52; Latvians [the man sowed turnips, the bear demands part of the harvest, agrees to pick up the tops; next year he demands roots, and the man sowed wheat; in winter, the man goes for firewood, the fox asks why it's so quiet; man: so that the bear does not hear; fox: feed chicken, I'll explain what to do; the man cuts wood, the bear comes up, the fox pretends to be hunters are coming beat bears; bear: hide me in the cart; fox: what's in the cart; man: log; fox: why not tied with a rope; the man tied the bear, killed me with an ax; the man leads the fox towards him, dogs rushed at her, she climbed into a hole, asks body parts how they helped escape; tail: I was confused under my feet; the fox stuck its tail out to the dogs, they pulled her out and killed her]: Aris 1971:31-33; Norwegians [bear and the fox cultivates the field together; when they sow wheat, the bear chooses the roots, and when it chooses the roots, they sow the roots]: Hodne 1984, No. 1030:48-49; Lithuanians, Livonians, Counselors , Faroese, Swedes, Danes: Uther 2004 (2), No. 1030:17-18

Volga - Perm. Komi: Korovina 2012, No. 1030 ["I have tops, you have roots," a man (bear) with a devil (fox) persuades them to sow wheat; next year the tops are promised a line, but because they sowed turnips, hell fooled again]: 79; Uotila 2006, No. 38 [a man married a bear, sowed turnips; the bear chose the tops, the man chose the roots; the following year they sowed cereals, the bear chose the roots, stayed on the winter was hungry, and the man baked bread; the hunter found a bear and a man in a den, killed a bear; the man asked him not to cut him - he was kidnapped]: 191; Kazan Tatars: Zamaletdinov 2008a, No. 25 [the bear invites the old man to sow turnips together; chooses stems, gets one leaf; the next year the old man sows wheat, the bear chooses roots; promises to kill the old man; the fox reports this to the old man, who promises her a chicken; she found out where the den was, people killed the bear; the old man brought the fox to the village, supposedly for chicken; lowered the dog; the fox ran to the hole; asks his front, hind legs, ears, how they are helped to escape; asks the tail, he says he moved to be caught; the dog noticed a moving tail, grabbed a fox]: 71-73; Nasyrov, Polyakov 1900, No. 10 [the fox and bear sowed turnips, the bear chose what was above; the following year, wheat, the bear chose what was in the ground; the bear and the fox quarreled]: 69-70; Mordvians (Erzya): Evseviev 1964, No. 5 [the fox and the bear sowed wheat, the bear chose the roots; the next year they sowed turnips - chose the tops; the bear brought honey; the fox is looking for a bear in the head, a knock, a knock with its tail; - They call the cronies; she went up to the attic herself, ate honey; said that the baby was named Beginning; next time Seredka; the third time it was washed, wiped, knocked over; Bear: did you eat honey? Fox: you stayed at home, you ate it; whoever gets up first ate it; The bear got up earlier, believed he ate it himself, but forgot], 55 [the bear invites the old man to plant turnips together; chose the tops; the next they sowed wheat for a year, the bear chose the roots; tells the old man that when he comes for firewood, he will eat it; the old man has come for firewood; the bear threatens to eat; fox: have you seen a bear? I'm chasing to the service; bear: tell me you didn't see; fox: what's next to you? bear: say it's a stump; fox: if a stump, he would stick an ax; the old man hacked the bear; promises the fox a basket of chickens; put two greyhounds in the basket, took the chicken in his hand; the fox hid from the greyhounds in the hollow; asks their eyes and legs, what did they do; they showed the way, they ran; and the tail? He got confused between his legs; the fox stuck it out, the dogs pulled it out and ate it]: 36-38, 367-370; the Mordovians [the bear invited the fox to sow wheat; when the wheat was ripe, the forests chose the top, and the bear was low; the fox's pies tasted better; the next year they planted turnips, the bear chose the top; bear: we'll eat whoever has a thinner voice; while the bear cried, the fox ran away]: Yurtov 1883, No. 6:12-13; Mordovians [ Andeamo and the bear sowed wheat, the bear chose the roots; and when the turnips were the top; the bear leads A. to the forest to eat there, A. pits and ravines fill with tears; fox: bears and wolves are called to war; you, A. Have you seen bears and wolves? bear: say you haven't seen it; fox: what is it around you? bear: say it's a deck; fox: if it's a deck, you need to tie it on a sleigh; fox: if there is a deck on the sleigh, then an ax would be stuck in it; A. hacked a bear]: Yurtov 1883, No. 13:51-55; Udmurts: Potanin 1884, No. 9 [the man sowed turnips; the bear: the top is mine; the bear got the tops, his share rotted; the next summer the man sowed peas, the bear chose the bottom, his share rotted again]: 234-235; Wichmann 1901, No. 23 [the man and the bear agreed to work together, planted turnips; the bear chose the top of the crop, got the tops; the following year they sowed wheat, the bear chose the bottom, got roots; became friends with the peasant], 28 [= (23), but instead of a water man]: 116, 124-125; marie [the man sowed barley; the bear came and wanted to sow too; agreed to choose what would be lower and give the man what was taller; in the fall, the man took ears of straw, and the bear took the straw to the den, where it rotted; the following year, the man sowed turnips, the bear took what was taller, the man went to the turnip]: Beke 1938, No. 69:626-627; Chuvash: Uther 2004 (2), No. 1030:17-18.

(Wed. Southern Siberia - Mongolia. Altaians {When borrowing, the plot is not understood: the bear is happy to sleep on straw in winter, he deliberately chooses it} [Soldatas decided to sow barley; the bear comes as an uninvited assistant, twists stumps, mows the entire field in a day; chooses straw when dividing the harvest; in winter, grateful S. brought a sheep to the bear; he could not wake up for a long time, and then the bear chased him to eat; dog S. says bear hunters are coming; bear Soldatas: tell them that I am a log; a dog disguised as hunters: why don't you cut a log? S. hacked a bear]: Garf, Kuchiyak 1978:119-123; the Mongols [Balyn-Senge became a llama's apprentice; he has a pig; the llama allows her to be slaughtered only if lard flows from his nostrils; BS gives the pig not warm swipe and boiling water, she scalded the patch, pus dripped, llama believed lard; BS asks if the llama wants meat or broth; he wants meat; BS cooks until the meat is dissolved, the llama got it bones; next time the llama wanted broth, BS cooked some, ate the meat; they set off, spent the night by the cliff; the llama asked the BS to lie on his feet to warm them; intended to push them off the cliff; fell asleep; BS put a llama's tambourine in his place, which pushed a tambourine; BS told the Lama that spirits in the area are evil: when one cuts down a tree, the other must climb on it; first cuts down the llama, then the BS, the tree collapsed, the llama fell and died; BS took the jewels from the chest, put the llama there; thieves came, he gave them the chest; Yerlik sent an envoy to the BS with an order to come to him; BS pretended to be sick; next time he pretended to be dead, put freshly brewed rice in his heads, medicinal powders next to him, stuck a cabbage sprout in his ass; Yerlik's messengers do not understand: if he died recently, how the sprout grew, if long ago - why is rice still warm, if you are hungry - eat rice, if from illness - there are powders; Yerlik tells me to bring at least the dead, he got ready himself - changed his clothes so that he would not be recognized; BS came on a blue bull, three stirrups on one side; went into the yurt, there was a girl, began to eat hurut, said his name was Past; the girl ran to her mother: The past ate all our hurut; the mother decided that the girl was fooling, did not pay attention; the counter asks the BS to deceive him; BS: harness the bull; that squabble, and the BS left, only straightened it in vain; the man carries the cauldron; BS: there is a fire in the sky; the man raised his head, the boiler fell and crashed; BS tells Yerlik that if you step on the lower stirrup, you will find yourself in a country of eight luses, if the middle one is in the Tengrian country, if you step on the upper one, you will travel all over the world; while Yerlik is trying, BS rode his horse]: Potanin 1919, No. 6.5:19-23).

(Wed. Eastern Siberia. {Russian borrowing}. Yakuts [Vodyanoy (devil) and peasant. A person agrees with the devil (water) to sow bread together. A person treats a trait that chooses meat bones, cottage cheese liquid and egg shells. They share the harvest. The devil takes roots from wheat, and tips from potatoes. Damn drags a log, a man sits on it. They compete in running. A person lets a hare instead of himself. They compete in wrestling. A person puts a bear instead of himself]: Ergis 1967b, No. 255:231).