M181. Two go to the party. 11.-.13.

Two characters are invited to the party. (On the way and) getting to the place, one deceives the other.

Kikuyu, kamba, gogo, lega, bena-kanyoka, ganda, tutsi, luba (?) , lingala, ngelima, safwa, matumbi, kimbundu, zombo, basa, benga, ndau, wute, mosi, mamprusi, ikom, ash, hausa, wolof [festival episode only], mukulu, banen, sarah, nuers, shilluk.

Bantu-speaking Africa. Kikuyu [the hyena goes to the future father-in-law's house to participate in the pre-wedding ritual, takes a squirrel with him; the squirrel first suggests cutting a knife to eat, then throwing away these knives; hyena throws it away, the squirrel doesn't; they come, the hyena comes back for the knife, during which time everything is eaten; the squirrel persuaded the girl not to marry the hyena, took the hyena's cattle]: Arewa 1961, No. 1059:69; kamba [the hyena drives cattle to the parents of the future wife as payment for his wife; the hare accompanies her; at night in the house, the father-in-law cuts off and eats the tail of a ram, smears blood on the hyena; to find the culprit, everyone is told to jump over fire; the hare jumps over, the hyena falls, it is driven away with its livestock; it is difficult for the hyena to walk, it asks the hare to chase the animals, he takes them away]: Lindblom 1928, No. 17:44-45 (translated into Okhotina 1962:238-239, resume in Arewa 1961, No. 550:39); gogo [the hyena and the hare went to marry; waiting for an answer at the bride's father's house; the hare stocked up with food in advance, the hyena is hungry; killed and ate a goat, both of whom were tied up; the banana leaf rope on the hare is dry, he ran away]: Arewa 1961, No. 2120:113; lying down [the mouse goes to his wife's parents, asks the rat to accompany him; on the way he offers to bury the spoons he has taken with him; the rat buries, the mouse only pretends; when the food is served, the mouse sends the rat to bring spoons; it searches for a spoonful of the mouse for a long time, does not find it, returns, by this time the mouse has eaten everything]: Lambrecht 196:90; bena canyoka [the leopard goes to his wife's parents, takes an antelope as a companion; points to the belt lying on the ground, the antelope picks it up, the belt turns out to be a snake, the antelope is bitten; also a beautiful feather (this is a branch with wasps); the leopard crosses the river along the vine, tells the antelope that he waded, she believes; on a visit, the leopard tells the antelope to bring the leaves it saw along the way, while he eats everything himself; next time Kamundi (mongoose?) goes with the leopard ; he refuses to pick up his belt and feather, sees the leopard cross the river, picks up leaves in advance; at night, the leopard cuts the goats, comes to pour blood on K., he shoves the vessel, the blood spills out on leopard, he is shamefully expelled in the morning]: Lambrecht 1963:54-56; ganda [the zebra's wife is due to give birth soon, he goes to her parents to tell the news, invited the hare to accompany him; the hare is visiting immediately ate all the meat, and the zebra carries his wife a bag of goat meat; the hare runs forward, turns into a spoon; into a knife; both times the zebra realizes that it is a hare, does not pick up objects; the hare turns into two twin boys in the field near the zebra house; he thought they were children born by his wife, put them in a bag full of meat; saw that his wife was still pregnant; the hare ate goat meat, climbed a tree; the zebra followed , grabbed his leg, the hare asked why he grabbed the knot; the zebra released him, the hare disappeared into the termite mound, the zebra then got stuck, died; the hare took the zebra's wife for himself]: Zhukov, Kotlyar 1976, No. 86:210-211; Tutsi [hyena would like to marry; the hare says that the chief wants to marry and has already seen a hyena; teaches how to be modest as a bride; when they offer food, the hare eats everything himself; when lying down, lies down on its own; the hyena does not move, looks at the ground, although terribly hungry; at night the hare puts two fireflies in the eyes; the hyena thinks that the hare's eyes are open and does not dare to eat; same in the morning; guests they gave a cow and the hare led it; some forces ask if they gave the cow to both of them; Yes? the echo of the hills confirms - Yes! The hyena agrees to the hare's offer to raise sorghum, but for now he gets the cow; he killed the cow and then ate it, and put the scalp and horns in the swamp; tells the hyena that the cow is bogged down, let the hyena try pull her out; she "tore off" her horns; the hare asked her to dig - let her at least pull her head out; the hyena drowned in the swamp, the hare has enough meat]: Pinguilly 1997, No. 15:181-191; bast (?) [the antelope accompanies the leopard to its father-in-law's house; he tells him to ask for a basin and water to wash in the morning; at night, the antelope only pretends to be sleeping because it is afraid that the leopard will eat it; sees the leopard come out, eats the goat, pours blood into the pelvis, puts it at the head of the antelope, falls asleep; the antelope moves the pelvis closer to the leopard; in the morning the antelope sings: the one left in the house ate the goat; the leopard does not get up - blood dried up; he pretended to be sick, but he was forced to go out]: Lambrecht 196:49-50; lingala [the leopard goes to marry, the Bobende antelope accompanies him; by the river, the leopard suggests an argument: who, closing eyes, throw his knife further into the river; he throws only a piece of wood himself; they are given sugar cane on a visit, but it is impossible to eat it without a knife, the antelope gives its share to the leopard; he sends it to bring bark, which serves as a laxative, eats all the food served by itself; slaughters goats at night, smears blood on the antelope, hangs the antelope in the morning; next time the leopard companions the dwarf antelope Mboloko; pretends to throw a knife, throw a piece of wood; collects bark in advance; washes himself of blood, smears blood on a sleeping leopard; the leopard is hanged]: Lambrecht 196:49-50; ngelima [the leopard goes to and takes a dwarf antelope with him; takes only raw bananas, and the antelope takes good food; suggests that everyone eat breakfast with what the other brought; then the leopard points to the plant: if I feel bad, I will have to go get rhizomes; when food was brought, the leopard pretended to feel bad, the antelope ran after the rhizomes and the leopard ate everything; at night, the leopard cut the goats and bones he planted an antelope; the antelope was killed and eaten; the next time the leopard went with another antelope; he refuses to exchange supplies; digs up rhizomes in advance; when the leopard pretends to be sick, he I had to lie down and the antelope ate everything; at night he shifted his bones to the leopard; the leopard was killed]: Schultz 1924, No. 4:392-398; safwa [the hare and Mpaka go to visit the hare's wife's parents; on the way, the hare suggests: who throws a pomegranate fruit further into the river; throws a stone, M. really throws his pomegranate; M. then sees the hare eating his own; in his father-in-law's house, a hare kills a sheep, smears blood on sleeping M. says that it was M. who ate the sheep; the hare eats ripe fruit, M. is unripe; the hare beats M.; they break up]: Arewa 1961, No. 550:38; matumbi [the lion asks the hare to cook seven loaves of bread and go with him to to his parents, a lion, his wife; there he is going to eat everything himself - let the hare bring medicine; the hare: I already have it; the lion is furious, tells the hare to eat it himself; at night the lion ate the goat, tied a piece of skin to hare; but the hare did not sleep, bandaged the lion's skin; in the morning the hare offers to jump across the stream to identify the culprit; jumps over, and when the lion jumps, the meat he ate becomes visible; the lion was killed]: Arewa 1961, No. 550:39-40 (about the same, but more succinct retelling p.40-41); zombo: Anpetkova-Sharova 2010:251-253 [the hare and porcupine go to visit friends; stay in a foreign village; porcupines at night eats sweet potato in the garden; both are given vomit, but the porcupine also ate herbs, and the hare ate cassava before, so the hare was accused; on the way back, the hare runs ahead, tells women who are looking for material for needles, that a suitable object is behind him; the porcupine's needles are pulled out; the porcupine tells people looking for blacksmith's fur fabric that the owner of what they need is coming behind; the hare's ears cut off; in Both dogs were torn to pieces in the village], 254-255 [the leopard comes to the bride, took an antelope as companions; at night he ate a pig, poured blood on the sleeping antelope; in the morning the antelope was killed; another time the leopard took it with him sheep; same; gazelle; she replies that she sleeps with her eyes open and awake with her eyes closed; when the leopard is about to cover her with blood, she pushes the vessel, the leopard's skin is stained; the leopard has been killed]; bass [the lion goes to the bride's house to agree on the terms of marriage, takes a hare as his companion; wants to put a heavier bag on the hare, but he says that the groom has a heavier one; the lion tells the hare close your eyes while he climbs the tree for fruit, but the hare peeks and then acts like a lion; along the way, the lion points to the hare at a certain tree: if I get sick, you go to him for medicinal bark; the hare leaves, supposedly out of need, collects bark; at lunch, the lion says that he feels bad, but the hare gives bark, the lion has to stop eating, and the hare eats enough; at night, the lion is going to stab the hare a hot rod, but he swapped places with the lion's bride and he killed her; they chased the lion in the morning; the lion and the hare have been at odds since then]: Reuss-Nliba, Reuss-Nliba 2014:50-52; benga [Leopard goes to marry , takes the Rat as his companion; crossing the river, suggests that everyone throws a knife into the water; the Rat throws it away, the Leopard only pretends; splits nuts with a knife, tells the Rat that anyone who does not have a knife does not will receive nuts; points to a tree whose bark you will have to come for if the Leopard falls ill; when food is served at the bride's house, the Leopard sends the Rat for the bark, eats everything alone; jumps over A pre-prepared hole, the Rat falls through, the Leopard says that in the pit is the animal he brought as a ransom for the bride; the Rat is eaten; next time the Leopard takes the Wild Goat as his companion - the same; the Antelope is the same; for the fourth time, the Red Antelope - the same episode with the knife thrown away the same plus: The leopard tells the companion to collect only unripe nuts, collects ripe ones himself; tells him to climb the prickly the trunk, climbs the vine himself; tells him to bring fire, pointing to a firefly, the Antelope goes to catch it, the Leopard makes a fire, bakes fruits; in his wife's house, Leopard tells Antelope to eat leftovers and bones, then take out the leftovers, the Antelope falls into the hole, is eaten; the Gazelle suspects that the Leopard is killing satellites; throws not a knife into the river, but a stick; peels nuts herself with a knife; also climbs for fruit vine; refuses to follow the firefly; secretly rips off the bark of the healing tree, offers it to the Leopard when he pretends to be sick; jumps over the trap pit; at night draws crayons around the eyes, so that the Leopard thinks that the Gazelle is awake; changes places with the Leopard's wife, who gets up at night, pierces a hot rod into his wife, thinking that he is killing the Gazelle; the leopard decides to cook his wife, eats meat with Gazelle, Gazelle quietly puts all the bones where the Leopard is sitting; offers to hide without being found; the leopard climbs into the box, the Gazelle chains the box, runs away, shouting that his wife's killer is in box; Leopards are being killed; since then, leopards have taken revenge on gazelles]: Nassau 1912, No. 4:85-95; kimbunda [the leopard goes to his wife's relatives, asks the deer to accompany him; tells him to tear unripe fruits on the way , eats ripe ones himself; gnaw dry sugarcane panicles, eats juicy stems himself; hide spoons; say "Go to hell" in response to the greeting; throw a jug of wine on the ground; the deer was beaten; the leopard He sends a deer for spoons, eats everything himself; at night he eats a goat, stains the deer with blood; the deer is killed and eaten, the leopard sends a piece of roasted meat to his family; next time the leopard goes with the monkey; that only pretends to obey his instructions; overturns a vessel of goat's blood on a leopard; he was killed; a monkey sends a piece of roasted leopard meat to his family]: Nekrasova 1975:64-69; ndaw [ the baboon agrees about the bride, goes to her, taking a wild cat with him; this is his sister's son, stupid; on the way he tells him to say, "half-baked fruits are mine", "the muddy water is mine" (the baboon himself eats ripe fruits, drinks clean water); points to a tree that supposedly heals burns; if he, a baboon, burns himself, let the cat run away, bring the root of this tree; in the bride's house, the baboon puts his fingers in hot peanuts, says he is burned; while the cat is running to the tree, the baboon ate everything; so every day, the cat is thin; next time a hare goes with a baboon; calls its ripe fruits, clean water, takes the root with him in advance wood; when the baboon sends it behind the root, the hare shows it, eats peanuts; the baboon grabs the hare's children, hides it in a bag, lets the hare take it as payment for the baboon's bride; the hare recognizes the voices of the children, replaces bunnies with a swarm of bees; a baboon, a hawk, a dove, a hare come to the bride; the kite wants to kill the pigeon so that there is meat, but the pigeon kills it itself, the hawk eats it; the hare and the pigeon leave, closing the doors at home, the baboon opens the bag; everyone is bitten, the baboon runs, is left without a bride]: Boas, Simango 1922, No. 2:156-159.

West Africa. Vute [the pygmy deer (Tukur) and the turtle go together to find a wife; T. suggests changing the names: he will be Nogur (guest, outsider) and she will be Niha (teenager, young); when offering food for Nogur , it's for me, and when for Niha, it's for you; T. ate everything on the first day, the turtle ate everything on the second; but relieved me of need and put some meat on top; the animals wanted T. to play the drum for them; the turtle warned him that he could run away; T. ran away and climbed to steal yams from Mekir (a mythical beast); fell into an iron trap; the antelope believed that T. was the owner of the trap; T. pretended not to want to give it back, left an antelope in the trap, ran to M. and said that his trap was prey; the antelope promised M. to tell something, but T. insisted on immediately hammering it with a stick; M. told him to cook meat; he stuffed his heart with bitter grass; M. tried it, refused to eat, all the meat went to T.]: Siebert 1921, No. 4:66-69; ikom [The spider follows his wife, takes the Grasshopper with him; says that he does not want to reveal his names to strangers, let his name be Stranger and Grasshopper Dabi; the girl's father tells him to serve food to guests, Spider says it was for him, but Grasshopper was not asked; finally, mother the girls figure out what's going on, feeds the Grasshopper; the Grasshopper leaves his shell in the room where the food goes to dance; when the Spider comes to eat food secretly, he takes the shell for the Grasshopper and does not understand how can he be indoors and in the yard at the same time; tells his father-in-law that he will return for his wife later, but now they have to go; father-in-law gives everyone a dog; Spider ate his own on the way, and Grasshopper's dog brought an antelope; the Spider ate it, pretended to have caught the skull of his eaten dog; The grasshopper understood everything; his dog grabbed a wild cow by the leg; the spider began to say in the village that it was domestic the chief's cow; everything was clarified; the spider became so angry that he became a spider, has been hunting insects ever since]: Dayrell 1913, No. 7:113-116; mosi [the hare and hyena were ordered to bring honey to the king; hyena filled her vessel with crap, smeared honey on top, the hare's vessel is smaller, but it contains only honey; the king gave the hyena his main wife, and the hare a second; realizing what was going on, the king decided to teach the hyena a lesson; the wives prepared hyena tortillas made of rotten flour, placed on a hill, meat cakes for the hare, put on the ground; the hyena specially drops pieces of its cakes into the hare's bowl so that they are smeared in sauce; the goat is tied to a strong rope, a bull on a thin one, is offered to choose without seeing animals; the hyena is strong enough, gets a goat; next time, on the contrary, the hyena has a goat again; on the way back, the hyena eats the goat, gives it to the hare liver (apparently hoping that he will eat it, and she will demand the bull's liver from him); the hare does not eat, returns it; he offers to slaughter and eat the bull, sends the hyena behind the fire; hides the meat in the skin in the baobab hollow , the tail sticks into the ground, tells the hyena that the Earth swallowed the bull; the hyena drags its tail, eats it; the hare confesses that the meat is in the hollow, promises to raise the hyena; throws the rope, the hyena falls, since then she has lame gait]: Frobenius 1922b, No. 101:233-237; mamprusi [The spider goes to his mother-in-law's wake; Hyena has taken to accompany him; by the river there is a banana, they pass by; The spider says he forgot the phone, came back, ate bananas alone, caught up with Hyena; tells her, if asked what to feed, ask for bananas - and he won't eat at all; when they arrived, Hyena asked for bananas and peppers, and Spider asked for boiled chicken; At night, Spider's stomach was upset, he smeared Hyena's tail with crap, she was shamefully kicked out; then the same with the Mouse; the Goat; when the little Monkey went and the Spider said he forgot the phone, she immediately gave it to him another; she put a sharp knife at her tail for the night, the Spider cut off and got dirty himself; in the morning, out of shame, he rushed into the corner and stayed hanging from the ceiling]: Anpetkova-Sharova 1966, No. 17:33-35; ash [hare goes to a wedding with relatives, reluctantly agrees to take a hyena; warns that you should not drink, eat fruits and itch when mosquitoes bite on the road; if you hear screams in the village, you have to run, they will catch and they will eat; people chase chickens, the hyena runs home, the hare feasts quietly; after learning that the hare has brought meat from relatives, the hyena is going to kill him; he promises to show where the dog is; talks about this in in the village, people make fires, in the evening they are covered with ashes, the hyena mistakes the fires for white dogs, burns; stains on the skin remain]: Anpetkova-Sharova 2010:193-196; wolof [turtle speaks the antelope, which would reach the top of the hill faster; quietly grabbed the tail of the antelope; when the antelope reached the target and looked around, the turtle was in front of it; then the antelope and the turtle invited the lion to the party; everyone had to bring plates with them, but they didn't have it; antelope turtle: although I run faster, you live closer, run for plates; while the antelope is gone, kings finished his meal (he has a large plate with only two grains on it); the turtle took advantage of his plate and ate everything that was given to her and the antelope; told the antelope who came running that she also did not have anything ate; the lion offered a wrestling competition and, in order not to have rivals, appointed the elephant as a judge; rushed to the antelope, which ran away; at the turtle, but it hid in its shell, and then grabbed the lion by finger; the lion howled in pain, the elephant declared the turtle victor and king of animals; the antelope thanked the turtle for saving it from the lion]: Reuss-Nliba, Reuss-Nliba 2018:157-160; hausa [spider suggests guinea fowl to go with him; on the way he throws away the buckets and spoons he took with him; they served milk porridge on a visit, the spider sends the guinea fowl to pick up spoons, at which time he eats everything himself; in the evening he sends for buckets, eats meat sauce himself; on the way back, the spider climbs a tree: when you hear the sound of a fall, you also jump into the fire; the spider throws a stone into the river, the guinea fowl jumps into the fire and burns; the spider ate it; in next time she goes with a partridge; she quietly picks up spoons and buckets, eats the food served; does not jump into the fire, but throws the spider's shoes there, hides in his luggage; the spider eats its shoes; a spider at home unties his knot, the partridge flies out, sits on the head of the spider's wife; he tries to kill her with a pestle, kills his wife; the same goes to the son; he sits on the spider's head; he rushes upside down from the tree, dies; partridge takes his property]: Zhukov, Kotlyar 1976, No. 72:173-175; Hausa: Zhukov, Kotlyar 1976, No. 70 [a spider and a turtle wander; wherever they stay, the spider teaches: if food is served "for foreigners", it's me, and if "for a stranger," it's a turtle; one day a turtle complains to its owner, he sends food "for a stranger", the spider has to give it to the turtle; they are allowed to choose what they give it as a gift the animal without seeing it; the spider pulls the belt, pulls out the goat, the turtle by the rope, pulls the bull out; the spider killed the goat, gave the turtle its liver, then demanded it back; the turtle did not eat it, took it out of the bag and returned it; next time the spider persuaded her to eat the liver, demanded the bull's liver in return; the turtle killed the bull, the spider took all the meat; the turtle left, painted, lay down on the road, is silent; the spider gives in fear all meat and even clothes to a terrible stranger]: 167-170; Hunting 1962 [the spider offers the hyena to buy honey and go greet the king; on the way, the hyena drank honey, filled its pot with mud; the king orders to give hyena mats, spider skins; at night, the hyena eats skins; the spider gets a bull, a goat's hyena; on the way it eats it, treats the spider with a liver, tells him to give a piece of liver back; the spider sends a hyena for fire, pointing to the sunset, kills a bull, takes meat and skin, leaves]: 261-262; banena [a leopard with a civet goes to the girls; on the way, the leopard advises the civet to collect unripe fruits, collects it himself mature, putting unripe on top; civets draws attention to medicinal plants several times: when I ask, you go get them; in the house everyone dumps fruits out of the bag, old women take raw ones, for girls I like the mature ones that the leopard has collected; every time the owners serve food, the leopard sends the civet for another grass; puts crap under her ass at night, the civet is driven away; next time the leopard She companions a dwarf antelope; it acts like a leopard itself: it disguises mature fruits with unripe fruits; unnoticed all the herbs that the leopard draws its attention to along the way; pulls it out before eating the grass that the leopard is about to send her for; puts crap under his ass at night; when he returns, the leopard hides in the thickets; the antelope says her father told her to throw stones when approaching the thickets, the leopard shouts every time not to throw it; the leopard asks to wrap its leaves around it so that the civet thinks it's a bunch of leaves; the civet fatally wounds the leopard with darts and then wraps it with boiling water; kills the leopard's children, takes his two wives]: Dugast 1975:210-218; mukula [the hyena and the hare went to the hyena's relatives; along the way, she points to the grass thickets: when peanuts are served, you run here, mow the grass and bring them to roast peanuts; then firewood: run after them when you have to fry goat meat; when it comes to beer, run here to the river and bring sand to put calebasses {in the sand?} ; while the hare was running for grass and firewood, the hyena ate peanuts and meat; said that it turns out that peanuts did not degenerate this year; and the hare got only bones from goat meat; at night, the hyena killed the hare, asking beforehand, the wife's parents, whether they like hare; the next time the hyena called an earthen squirrel with her; she immediately picked up grass, firewood and sand; at night the squirrel went to bed elsewhere, and when the hyena tried to kill her, changed her place again; then swapped places with the hyena's wife; she killed her wife with a stick, thinking she was hitting a squirrel; in the morning, the hyena barely escaped when her wife's parents tried to kill her]: Jungraithmayr 1981, No. 42:198-203.

Sudan - East Africa. The Nuers [the jackal and hawk went to the jackal's bride; on the way, the jackal quietly picked up the shell to serve as a spoon; then found 4 little ones, gave two to the hawk; and then offered to throw away the spoons: the hosts may be offended that the guests took their own; the jackal knew that the young man going to the girl must take his spoon, but the hawk did not know; on a visit, the jackal slowly said that the hawk eats only such porridge that it was right from the fire; they served food, the hawk could not eat, the jackal invited him to run away for a spoon (the jackal had that big spoon left); during this time he poured sand into his bowl; said that with sand or without, you have to eat what they give; at night, the jackal stabbed, fried and ate a goat, and smeared a hawk with blood; in the morning he was almost beaten to death; when he learned how he had been let down, the hawk offered to go to trial before God , gave the jackal a wing and the other from another bird; God limited himself to censure, then the hawk took his wings and left the jackal in heaven; gave the jackal grains; then got angry and shoved the jackal down; he prays that fall into the pond, but fell to solid ground, the grain crumbled, the ants stole it; the jackal came to his mother, said he was dying; ordered to dig the grave, slaughter the bull and leave meat and water in the grave; cover the grave, but so that the clay does not fill it; if you hear a noise, this flesh falls off my bones; three days later, the jackal ate everything and came to my mother, saying that he had recovered; now the jackal and the hawk have appeared for the bride to heaven; the jackal stole and ate the goat again, but the hawk demanded a test; God: jump over the hole - whoever falls ate; the jackal refused; once on the ground, the jackal and the hawk threw each other at friend darts; the jackal missed, the hawk wounded him; then the jackal climbed a tree, threw the hawk's fruit; he bent over to pick it up, and the jackal threw another one on his head and killed]: Fergusson 1925:108-111; (cf. nuera [the jackal replies to the hyena that she is going to visit, she asks to take her with her; says that she is limping, the jackal had to carry her on him; the jackal ate little on a visit, and the rested hyena from she swallowed a spoon of greed; said that the jackal swallowed it, the jackal was beaten]: Fergusson 1924, No. 1:105-106 (=Katsnelson 1968:163, =Permyakov 1972:112); shilluk [the girl liked the hyena, and she liked the hare I hated it; both came to her, left them overnight in the sheepfold; the hare slaughtered the sheep, covering the hyena's face with the content of her stomach; the hyena was beaten, the girl was received by a hare]: Westermann 1912:191-192; sarah (mbai) [Su tells the goat to give him one kid, he will take him to school; does not tell the kid to take a spoon with him - hardly anyone will give us food; there is porridge, Su sends the kid for a spoon, eats everything himself; tells me to jump over the fire, the kid falls into the fire, Su ate it; said that the kid died of smallpox; the goat gave another; he slowly takes a spoon with him, eats porridge with Su; did not fall into the fire; then Su put up the bag; catching a goat in it, says that he died of smallpox; but the kid jumped out; to catch Su, the donkey tells the goat to feed him sweets; comes to Su's house, defecates; wife Su tried it - sweet; Su also hit the donkey to make it sweet, but his hand was stuck in the anus; then the second hand, then his legs; the goat beat Su to death with a stick]: Fortier 1967, No. 19:275-277 .