M45A. The old man and the beasts. .13.21.-.29.35.-.37.39. (.40.)

A person is sleeping or pretending to be asleep or dead. Animals take him for a dead man - they mourn him, carry him to bury him, they are going to eat it, etc. A person beats the crowd and/or obtains benefits.

Mundang, Dafla, Lakher, Angami, Riang, Mikir, Kachari, Meitei, Toto, Khmu, Vieta, Cham, Shans, Thais, Lao, Thai Vietnam, Uttar Pradesh, Assames, Santals, Oraons, Haria, Simalur, Bali, Tingyan, Lisu, Chinese (Guangdong and without recording), Hungarians, Russians (Terek Coast), Georgians (Guria), Kets, Dolgans, Central Yakuts, Western Evenks, Baikal Evenks, Far Eastern Evenks ( including Sakhalin), Evens, Negidals, Nanais, Udege, Orochi, Ulchi, Wilta, Ainu, Forest and Tundra Yukaghirs, (Polar Eskimos).

Sudan - East Africa. Mundang [monkeys ravage the old lady's field; she pretended to be dead, the monkeys gathered; she jumped up and hit the biggest monkey with a baton]: Louafaya 1990:82-83.

Tibet is the Northeast of India. Dafla [Abo-Tani plugged his anus to swell his stomach, covered himself with honey, and poured rice grains over him as if covered with fly larvae; monkeys gathered around to check did he really die, carry him in the mountains, pretend to be thrown into the abyss; AT did not react; they brought him into their house, went to buy firewood and supplies, leaving only an old monkey at home; AT got up, found a basket of monkey souls, made sure that the old woman had souls in the basket, threw it into the fire; the old woman died immediately; the other monkeys died as they returned home; AT became bring a monkey every day; Rob Pecha decided to repeat the trick, but when the monkeys pretended to throw him into the abyss, he yelled not to be thrown; they threw it; AT sent a bird to bring a piece RP bones, revived from a piece; rewarded the bird, now it has red legs; duffle women have been wearing red jewelry on their feet ever since]: Bora 1995, No. 11:12-15; angami [woman wears food for her husband in the field; each time the jackal takes a part, otherwise he threatens to eat the woman; the husband tells his wife to tell the jackal not to pick up food this time, but invited all the jackals to the woman's husband's house, where they will be fed; asks tie the biggest jackal to tie the others so that they are not accidentally afraid; kills the leader who enters, then the others tied up; spares one, the current jackals from him; when he lets go of the jackal, the man told him always give a voice when he is looking for food; jackals only appeared in Naga Hills with British troops; apparently the text previously referred to some other animal]: Pawsey 1922, No. 7:404-403; lakher [the old man caught crabs, caught few, fell asleep at noon; the monkeys felt sorry for him, put him in a bag of crabs; the old man shows no signs of life; the monkeys took him to his village and left him there ; another man decided to repeat the same trick; the monkeys carried him past the abyss, the imaginary dead man shouted to them to carry it carefully; the monkeys got scared and threw him into the abyss]: Borgohain, Roy Chaudhury 1975:72-73; riang (Tripura) [monkeys see older spouses planting potatoes {in the original or at least in the past, probably tarot}; advise planting roasted tubers with peeled skin - it will taste better; tubers are eaten at night, and wild taroe (poisonous lilies) is planted in the field; the old man tried and burned his throat badly, the old woman is not so much; she suggested that the old man pretend to be dead, and she will mourn him; the monkeys gathered, the couple closed the windows and doors and killed most; only a few escaped, the current ones come from them; one asked her not to kill, promised to serve; then still ran away]: Mandal 2009:117-118; mikir [the old man and the old woman were going to plant tarot; the jackals said they should plant boiled tubers; the jackals ate them at night; the old man and the old woman decided to take revenge; old man pretended to be dead, wrapped himself in cloth and lay down in the house; the old woman left the house and began to voice: her husband was dead, there was no one to even light a funeral fire; the jackals offered to eat the old man; the old woman agreed and began to let the jackals in, saying: one in, two in, three in, etc.; when "everyone comes in," she added "stand up, old man, and hit them with a truncheon"; some of the jackals were killed, some escaped, breaking them wall]: Grierson 1903c: 397; kachari [the monkeys told the old man and the old woman that other people were planting boiled sweet potatoes; they listened, the monkeys dug up and ate the sweet potatoes; the old man pretended to be dead, next to him stick; the old woman advised the monkeys to mourn him and say that they wanted to be beaten - the old man's soul in heaven would rejoice; the monkeys began to cry, the old man killed them with a stick, only one cub escaped; promised send him the demon Yaojoma; old men throw him pieces of roasted monkey meat, but it soon ended; the old woman said that the old man is dead and she is sick, let Me stick his hand for the meat; the old man I cut it off; I ran away, wiped the blood on the leaves, and since then I ate a banana variety with red fruits; becoming a rat, overloading the bags of the basket that the old woman was carrying; the companions went forward, and Y. twisted the old woman's neck; The old man took a snake, a tiger, bees, ants and various objects, came to Y.'s house when he fell asleep; he was bitten by ants, stung by bees, cut by a razor, an egg burst in hot coals in his face, The snake in the jug bit him, the old man hit him with a club, and the tiger in the yard killed him]: Borgohain, Roy Chaudhury 1975:81-84; the Meitei [monkeys advised the old man to plant not raw but baked tubers tarot; at night they ate what was planted, replacing the wild tarot; the old people were glad that during the night the plants grew, began to eat, but almost got poisoned; the old man pretended to be dead, the old woman began to lament; said the monkeys who came that there was no one to perform funeral rituals; the monkeys gathered, the old man jumped up and killed everyone but one with a stick; believing that the survivor would lead others to take revenge, the old men hid in a big jug; when the monkeys came, the old man and the old woman could not resist making an indecent sound; the monkeys picked up the jug, dropped it, some suffered from shrapnel; others ran away and did not come again]: Singh 1985:248-251 (similar text in Oinam et al. s.a.); toto [the monkey tells the old man that he is planting tubers and seeds incorrectly: they must be cooked first; at night, the monkeys dug up and ate everything; the old man pretended to be dead, the old woman began to scream; the monkeys gathered around the body in the house and also began to cry; the old man jumped up, closed the door, began to beat the monkeys; the latter persuaded her to let her go for a promise to teach effective farming techniques; but let monkeys go to part of the harvest; this is how people learned how to farm effectively]: Majumdar 1991, No. 14A: 251-253.

Burma - Indochina. Khmu [two brothers Clever and Clever leave home; place the severed buffalo head and tail above the water, tie fish to them, customers think the buffalo is intact and moving; lie down with their feet towards each other, swords are nearby; all animals gather; The turtle wants to see the lying, climbs the Elephant, falls, everyone runs in fear, trampling small and medium-sized animals; the brothers caught the hare; they say who came that it was their dog (i.e. hare) who caught game for them; they buy a "dog", the hare runs away]: Lindell et al. 1977, No. 19:78-82; Viets [married brother offers to share the property with a single; that's it, what is in the women's house must go to him, what is the man's brother; it turned out that everything is female; the brother took an ax, went to the forest, lay down pretending to be dead; the monkeys first decided to bury him in a hole with silver, but one suggested that he should be in a hole of gold; the young man became rich; the married brother also went to the woods and lay down; when the monkeys offered to bury him in a silver hole, he screamed - no, with gold! the monkeys got scared, threw him, he crashed against the rocks]: Landes 1886, No. 68:170-172; the tyamas [a man built a platform near the field to guard corn, fell asleep on it; the monkeys thought that man was dead, decided bury him first, then eat corn; they began to wonder whether to take the dead man to the golden mountain or to the silver mountain; they left him in a hole on the gold one, left; the man collected gold, lay down back; the monkeys returned, decided to move him back to the platform; the man's brother asks how he got rich; repeats everything; the monkeys are thinking about whether to take the dead to the golden mountain or to the iron mountain; he shouts that golden, monkeys run away, throwing a burden, man breaks against stones]: Landes 1887, No. 11:94-96; shans [monkeys ruin the old man's field; he covered himself with smelly bean porridge, lay down pretending dead; monkeys carry it to their king to eat the dead; the old man jumps up, binds the king; he gives a ransom - gold and jewelry; the rich man decides to repeat the trick; when the monkeys carry it , he shouts to them to be more careful, they throw it in fear, it breaks]: Kasevich, Osipov 1976, No. 196:546-549; lao [the poor man allowed monkeys to take corn and melons from his garden; once pretended to be dead; grateful monkeys took the imaginary dead man to the cave where there was gold; the neighbor decided to repeat the trick; the monkeys carried him to the crossroads and began to argue whether to carry the deceased to the golden cave or silver; the imaginary dead man shouted what he wanted in silver; the monkeys dropped him, ran away; he returned home all scratched]: Fleeson 1899:80-82 (translated to Kornev 1963:94-95); thai Vietnam [the fisherman replies to the monkeys that he is fishing with monkey kyudaves; spies on the PT getting fire from the trainings; the monkeys are afraid that the fisherman will kill them, they rush at him themselves; he pretends to be dead, monkeys discuss whether to carry him to gold, silver cemetery or leper cemetery; carry him to silver; man gains silver, gets rich; his relative decides to repeat the trick; this time the monkeys decide to bury the man in the leper's cemetery; the imaginary dead man says it's better to use gold; when they learn that a person is alive, the monkeys throw him at the rocks, he breaks down]: Degeorge 1922, No. 10:651-653.

South Asia. Uttar Pradesh (Mirzapur) [the wife took her husband to the field lunch; jackal: give me a part or I'll bite me; the next day, the ploughman changed his clothes with his wife; when the jackal demanded his share, he cut him off the tail with a knife; the jackal tells other jackals that he asked the peasant's good wife to cut off his tail - it's more comfortable to sit; jackals came to the peasant to ask him to cut off their tails, he did it; jackals they tore the first jackal and came to kill the peasant; the wife said that after cutting off the jackal's tails, he died; invites jackals to a funeral feast; to prevent guests from quarreling over food, ties everyone to the bench; the husband came in and killed the jackals with a club]: Rouse, Crooke 1899, No. 25:105-109 (=Crooke 1891-1893, No. 1159:209-210); the Assames [foxes advise the old man to take the boiled grain, put it in the holes, cover it with straw; he does it, they eat everything; the old man tells his wife to smear molasses to fly off, leave him in the house, put a stick next to him; cry, tell the foxes that they can carry him away and eat; then close the door, he will kill the fox; only 4 have escaped; the old woman goes to visit her daughter, the foxes want to eat her; she asks to be allowed to see her daughter first, eat her on the way back; daughter put her mother in the pumpkin, the pumpkin rolled but split; the old woman asks the fox to allow her to teach them how to dance; she dances, shouting the names of her two dogs loudly; dogs come running, foxes flee]: Borooah 1955:56-60; Santals: Bodding 1925, No. 8 [Anua plows, his mother brings him food; each time the jackal threatens to bite her, eats most of it; upon learning about this, A. dresses as an old woman, hits the jackal; ties a razor to a plow, the jackal wanted to wipe his ass on it, cut himself; puts a barbed fence near the garden, hides with a sickle in a chicken coop; the jackal is scratched, wounded by a sickle; A. agrees with his mother that pretends to be dead; the mother calls that jackal, he brings the others; while she is supposedly cooking, the jackals themselves ask them to tie them up, or else they will fight; A. hits them, they break out, run away; that jackal they tie him at the well, all the women hit him with a stick; he is swollen; tells others that each gives him rice; one asks him to switch seats with him; this jackal was slaughtered; (translated to Zograf 1971, No. 5:39-43)], 9 [ Turta plows, his mother brings him food; every time the jackal threatens to bite her, eats most of it; when he finds out, T. dresses as an old woman, hits the jackal, tears off his tail; ties a razor to a plow, the jackal wanted wipe his ass on him, cut himself; hides with a sickle in a chicken coop, with a hammer in a goat pen, a jackal is wounded by a sickle, hit by a hammer; A. agrees with his mother that he will pretend to be dead; the mother calls him jackals, he brings the others; mother ties jackals to fight over food; T. hits them, they break out, run away; T. ties a tailless jackal, beats them regularly, he swollen; says a leopard that he is well fed; the leopard asks him to change seats with him; T. beat a leopard, made a scarecrow, showed him for money; overheard two horses talking, one with a splinter in his hoof, if removed, he overheard a conversation will be able to fly through the air; T. buys a lame horse cheaply, agrees to marry a princess with a dragon in her body; when he comes out of the princess's nose, his fall from earth to heaven; kills grooms; at night the dragon went out, T. flew on horseback across the sky, the dragon followed him, he slaughtered the dragon; he and his wife visited his mother; everything is fine]: 99-111, 111-121; mundari [the woman took her husband to the field lunch; she was met on the way jackals ate everything; the next day, the peasant dressed his wife as a man and sent him to the field, and dressed up as a woman and carried rice for dinner; began to beat the jackals with a cooked stick; they promised to break it in revenge his plow; he hammered sharp nails into him and the jackals were badly injured; they decided to pull beans in the peasant's field at night, but he buried knives in the ground in advance and the jackals cut themselves; then the jackals decided to steal chickens; the peasant took them out of the chicken coop in advance, and waited with a sickle in his hands; cut the sickles of every jackal who climbed into the chicken coop; they think the old man has such big and ferocious chickens; one The jackal understood what was going on and they ran away; the next day the woman began to cry; jackals: what was the matter? The husband is dead, who will mourn him and perform rituals? jackals: us! When the jackals arrived, the woman asked permission to tie them up so that they would not quarrel (over food); she called her husband and he hacked the jackals with an ax, only a few tore the ropes and escaped]: Mitra 1938:159-162 ; orahons: Hahn 1906, No. 37 [the old man plows in the field across the river, his wife brings him lunch; the jackal (in the text "fox", but refers to the jackal) suggests taking it for her, eats half each time; spouses they change clothes, an imaginary old woman cuts off the tip of the jackal's tail; he runs to the plow to get it dirty, but a sharp nail is tied to the plow, the jackal is wounded; a jackal with jackals comes to the chicken coop, but the old man hides there, beats jackals; pretends to be dead, the old woman pretends to mourn him; jackals come, the old woman pretends to cook food, ties jackals (supposedly so that they do not rush to eat everything at once), the old man jumps up, hits the jackals, those who could cut off their fetters ran away in panic], 43 [monkeys ruin the pea field; the peasant pretends to be sick, the wife asks the monkeys to take him to the house, for this promises the whole harvest; closes the door behind the monkeys that come in, the crostyan gets up and kills them]: 69-71, 80-81; haria [a woman brings dinner to her husband in the field; every time the jackal tells him to carry him, holding him the tail, eats everything; the husband wears his wife's dress, cuts off the jackal's tail; the jackal promises to ruin his garden, where beans and pumpkins; the man hides under a pile of tops, hits the jackal on the head; he promises to ruin chicken coop; a man stabs him with a sickle; the wife tells the jackals that her husband is dead; they gathered for a wake; the tailless man was quietly tied to a wooden mortar; the husband came in, beat the jackals on the head, they ran away; the tailless dragged his stupa; by the river he began to beat it like a drum; told the other jackals that he had taken it out at the bottom of the river; they allowed them to tie stones to their necks, threw themselves into the river and drowned; there was only one jackaliha left from her and the tailless, the current ones]: Roy 1937:433-435.

Malaysia-Indonesia. Simalur [herons ruin the rice field, Palombana catches one of them, keeps the houses in a cage; someone cooks in his absence; P. finds a girl, burns feathers in the morning, they become domestic birds; spouses go to live in the forest; the howler monkey wants to kidnap his wife; she offers to poison her husband with bananas and rice; when monkeys gather to the imaginary dead, the wife closes the door, the husband kills everyone; A pregnant female who did not enter the house was saved]: Koehler 1964:62-66; Bali [Ni Chubling is the daughter of old Chubling; the monkey king wants her to marry, she refuses; he tells the monkeys to ruin C. C. pretended to be dead, NF began to cry, promised the monkey king to marry him if the monkeys dug a deep grave and return the stolen goods; water must also boil; when the monkeys climbed into the hole, C. their daughter filled them with boiling water; but a couple of monkeys escaped; they noticed that the imaginary deceased blew the winds and went away unnoticed]: Hoikas van Leeuwen Bomkamp 1983, No. 29:169-173.

Taiwan - Philippines. Tingyan [a man was walking through the forest and heard some sounds in the tree; they were Alan hanging upside down like bats; their wings and fingers and toes pointing backwards; the man wanted to run away, but fell in fear and did not move; Alan came down from the tree, taking their gold and other beads; screamed, believing that the man was dead; the man jumped up and shouted to them to leave; but they began to ask give them the nagaba bead and let the others take it; but the man gave nothing; then they came and burned his house]: Cole 1916:77-78.

China - Korea. Lisa [Abep's elder brother is married, adjoins Alěp's younger brother, does not feed him; he works on the site and eats turnips; after eating, he fell asleep; the monkeys thought he was dead; when he let the gas go, The monkeys thought that the corpse had begun to decay; they decided to throw it into the abyss, but first ask the shaman; it was a gopher (Citellus citellus), they brought him gold balls on a silver platter; he said he was eating only grains; monkeys began to caress him, since then he has an elongated muzzle; the second shaman is a red squirrel; in a trance he said he (wants) to eat, the monkeys beat him, since then his cheeks have been red; the same third black squirrel (flattened his head); the fourth was dormouse; then Alepa jumped up, the animals ran away, gold and silver went to him; then Abepa went to the site himself; he was still the same, but the monkeys immediately threw him at an abyss; there is a tigress with two cubs; Abepa advised him to fatten him first: when a needle grows into his forehead, he is thick; the needle does not grow; Abepa invites the tigress to jump on him, framed him pointed bamboo, she ran into it; Abepa waxed the cubs eyes and led them on a rope; killed animals, put their ears in a bag; told the Chinese that they were two hunting dogs - how many ears, so many animals caught; he changed the cubs for a mule; when he removed the wax from the cubs, they ran away; Abepa improved himself and no longer tyranted his younger brother]: Dessaint, Ngwâma 1994:450-455; Chinese: Fielde 1893 ( Guangdong) [the poor man decided to go to the forest and hang himself; came back; wife: I was hoping you would not come again; he went again, he can't decide, fell asleep under a tree; the monkeys mistook him for their ancestor, they carried them home, began to feed them abundantly; they have many treasures; when the monkeys left, the man took the treasure and came to his wife; the neighbor told her husband to go to the forest too; robbed by the first man The monkeys tore it apart]: 27-28; Riftin 1972 [Wan San plays the flute; Qi Tse, the seventh daughter of a heavenly elder, hears the game, goes down to earth with his deer; goes beyond the Sun; father takes her back; the deer tells the Supreme Court to sow gaoliang, leave the thick stem, climb it into the sky; the elder tells me to 1) open the wall, 2) sew a rope out of bran, 3) get a celestial drum; sisters C. perform two tasks, they send him for the drum to the monkeys; the sun is coated with clay, the monkeys take it for a bodysuit, leave it, the sun carries the drum, the monkeys chase; the Sun throws a hatchet (river), flint (mountain), needle (sharp rocks, monkeys stop chasing); the old man hits the drum, the Sun withstands the thunder, the Sun hits - the elder falls dead; the Sun with his wife, her sisters and deer go down to live on the ground]: 126-134 (=2007:124-131).

The Balkans. Hungarians [the old man's wife died; the fox offers him to marry her; invites other foxes to the wedding feast; they break the hive; the old man pretended to be terminally ill and asks his "wife" to put him an ax under the pillow; believing that the old man is dead, the fox calls more and more guests; they bring a lame rabbit as a priest; he notices that the old man is alive and tries to warn the audience with his song; but foxes don't understand what "priest" means; the old man catches them all, kills them and skins them all]: Kovács 1987, № 65**: 261.

Central Europe. Russians (Teresky Bereg) [the poor peasant made a beautiful trough; the rich asked him to do the same; the poor went to the forest, made a trough and fell asleep under it; the hare came: a good table, and the table is empty, he brought cabbage; the same fox, wolf, bear (duck, ram, honey); the man woke up, jumped up, the animals ran away, the man got everything, he became rich]: Balashov 1970, No. 157:412-413.

Caucasus - Asia Minor. Georgians (Guria) [the peasant caught a pheasant and he asked to let him go; for this, when the peasant dies, he will gather all the birds for the funeral - this will be a motorcade; a peasant and his wife We agreed that he would pretend to be dead, and she would close the doors and windows when the birds gathered; they slaughtered many birds together; the merchant who came in was surprised by the abundance of game; peasant: it is my cat who catches everything you order; the merchant bought a cat; he only steals food from the house; the merchant returned to the peasant; he pretends to wash one grain of millet, then throws it into a pot in which porridge is pre-cooked; the merchant buys a pot; a peasant caught two birds with one stone, tied them with the same ribbon; a merchant found it in the field; a peasant: the cat could not be fed fried meat, and you also did something wrong with the pot; pretends to send a hare to his wife asking him to bring them lunch; the wife is warned, brings lunch and another hare, whom the merchant mistook for the same thing; the merchant bought a hare; the peasant has filled his gut with blood, tied it around his wife's neck; in front of the merchant, he stabbed his wife and revived her with a knife; merchant: I forgive you for such a miracle; the merchant bought a knife and stabbed his wife; unable to revive her, he dragged the peasant into the forest, left him tied to a tree, and went to watch the king's funeral; the shepherd brought the herd to the tree; the peasant shouted that he did not want to be king; the shepherd agreed to change places with the peasant and clothes; the merchant came after dark, dragged the shepherd to the seashore; he shouts that he agrees to be king; the merchant thinks that the peasant is crazy and threw him into the sea; in the morning to meet the merchant a peasant with a herd; a merchant asked him to drown him in order to catch livestock as well; a peasant drowned him]: Wardrop 1894, No. 3:153-159.

Western Siberia. Kety: Nikolaeva 2006 (said Dibikov, village. Paskulikha, Turukhansky District) [Kolsa tells her grandmother that he will pretend to be sick, tells her to close the chum, go to the beavers for the shaman; the beavers came, their shaman shaman, K. jumped up, killed everyone with a hammer, only one ran away ; grandmother made seven beaver coats; going to the wind, K. hung his fur coat on a stump; he moved, K. laughed, the stump disappeared with the fur coat; so all seven fur coats; K. came to the plague, there was a girl giving her fur coats for the promise to marry her; she took the form of a stump; so K. found a wife]: 35-37; Osharov 1936a [Khasynget tells his grandmother that he will pretend to be sick, let her invite beavers, their shaman will treat him; H. jumped up, killed the beavers with a hammer, only one escaped; in a beaver coat, H. went to the wind, took off his fur coat so as not to get it dirty, threw it on the stump, he began to move, H. began to laugh, the stump disappeared with the fur coat; the same with the fur coat the second, with a third fur coat; H. comes to the chum, there is a girl, promises to return the fur coats if he marries her; he took her for a stump; H. brought his wife to his grandmother, they lived well]: 117-119.

Eastern Siberia. Dolgans [the old man pretended to be sick, told his son to bring the hare shaman and all the hares as clerks; during the campaign, the old woman closed the door; the old man began to beat the hares with a cauldron hook; one jumped out the chimney, got hit in the ears, they turned black; the same with arctic foxes (the tip of the tail is black); God turned the old man into a daw in punishment (the origin of jackdaws)]: Popov 1937:38-39 (quail in Efremov 2000, No. 10:199-201, but the translation of the Dolgan bird's name is not "jackdaw", but "jay"); Efremov 2000, No. 5 [Evenki (sic!) they are starving; the old man pretends to be sick, tells them to bring a hare shaman, many hares with him; the old man and the old woman hit the hares, the shaman and his wife jump into the chimney; the old man hit the shaman in the ears (black mark), old woman - on her legs (fused into a separate joint); hares that have bred again do not speak and avoid people]: 185-187; Yakuts: Ergis 1967a, No. 2323 (summary of several texts, including the number of archival ones; at least central) [like the Dolgans]: 165-166; 1967b, No. 369 (summary of the archival text, place of recording is not specified; central?) [the old man brought many hares into the house and beat them, only two escaped; hares with black ear tips came from them; the old man did not let the old woman who had returned from somewhere into the house and ate all the hare himself; the old woman complained to her son-in-law; since then, the old man has rarely seen hares]: 257-258; Western Evenks (Tura): Vasilevich 1936, No. 23 [the old man falls ill, the Hare is shamanite, follows other hares; the old man tells the old woman to close door, give him an iron sword; hits the Hare in the ear, it turns black; the old woman hit {the tooth?} , now the hare teeth are large; since then the Hare has not been able to walk on the cloud, began to live on the ground, began to eat talinka]: 25; Evenks [the man pretended to be dead; hares brought him to the plague; the wife closed holes, began to hit the hares with a hook on which they hang the kettle; hit one in the ear, he jumped out through the smoke hole; since then, the hares have black ears]: Voskoboynikov 1960a, No. 8:51; Baikal Evenki (Severo-Baikal District) [the old man pretends to be sick, tells the old woman to call a hare shaman; puts berries in the old man's nostrils, closes all the cracks in the yurt; the hares came and began to sing; the old man became beat them with a stick, a hare shaman hit the ears, he jumped into the smoke hole]: Vasilevich 1936, No. 24:25-26; Baikal Evenks (Buryatia) [lazy hunter pretended to be dead; Lisa called Zaitsev , ran away by herself; the hares carried him to the shore; the hunter's wife asked her husband to be brought into the house, closed the door; the hunter killed the hares with a stick, one jumped out; when hit with a stick, his ears turned black]: Voskoboynikov 1958: 52-53; Baikal Evenks (north of Transbaikalia) [the old man lay down on a hare path and pretended to be dead; the hare saw and called others: we must transfer the old man to a yurt, or he will freeze; the old woman locked him in a yurt doors and began to beat the bunnies with a hook on which the cauldron was hung; the old man jumped up and also began to beat; he escaped alone, his ears were stained with soot from the hook, the current hares came from him, their ears were black]: Pinegina 2019:24; Evenki [Evenki tales on this story fall into two groups; 1) the old man, pretending to be sick, calls a hare shaman; other hares come with the shaman to sing along during camlania; after luring hares into the house, the old man and his wife kill them; one shaman hare escapes; 2) in the forest, the old man lies down on the ground, putting lingonberries or rose hips in his mouth, ears, eye sockets, nostrils; hares (or hares along with foxes) take him for a dead man and carry him home; then as in (1)]: Lebedeva 1966:192 (Vasilevich 1936:25, 230-231); Tungiro-Olekmin Evenks (Tungirikan) [famine in spring, the old man walks on the hare path, freezes; 30 hares bring it to the old woman, they say that the old man froze on their path; the old woman tied the door with a belt, the old man jumped up, began to beat the hares, one ran away; the old woman ran away hit the hare in the ear with a pen, since then the hare's ear has been black]: Kozlovsky 1936, No. 4:229-230; Evens: Bolshakova, Chaiko 2015 [the old man tells the old woman to call animals to come say goodbye, and he will shamanize; when finished, everyone ran away, only the hare and partridge hid behind the logs that were smoldering in the hearth; the old woman tried to hit them, but the hare hit in the ears and the partridge on the tail, so the tail partridges and hare ears are black]: 19; Novikova 1987 [the fox demands that the cedar throw its eggs, threatens to cut down the tree; the Garandya bird explains that the fox cannot do it; the fox tries to grab Garandya, that takes her to the island; the fox tells the seals that it is going to count who is bigger; let the seals line up first, the fox runs ashore on their backs; invites the old man to herd his deer; eats them, she fills her skins with grass, leaves her standing; the old man sees deception, shouts to the old woman to hold the fox, she explains that the old man tells her to feed her yucola, berries and nuts; yet the old woman grabs the fox by the tail; the fox says that she grabbed the burned place, runs away; the fox says she is a different fox, invites the old man to drag the sledge; says she is tired, sits on a sledge, the old man drags it; the fox eats dried berries, leaves his tooth; says he will go for firewood, throws away an ax; the old man tells his wife to sew hairy pants, call all the animals to the yurt; dances ridiculously, everyone laughs, he sees a toothless fox; way out closed, the old man tells the fox to beat, and the old woman hits everyone; since then, the hare's ears are black, the ermine has a black end of its tail; the fox asks her not to hit - it will come in handy; invites the moose to race, pushes them to the shore, they fall, drown; the old man offers to hunt wolves, the fox tells the wolf that he has caught fish on the tail, the wolf's tails freeze, the old man killed them, ripped off their skins; the fox leads the bear to the old man, who wounds him with an onion; the fox promises to heal, pulls out his liver, the bear dies; the fox offers the old man to tie her, feed it; then ties the old man, leaves; the wolf, the bear refuse untie - the fox did not order; the mouse untied; the fox was caught by the old man's crossbow]: 8-17; Far Eastern Evenks (Uchursky?) [the old hunter fell ill; hares were invited, they invited their shaman; they closed all the cracks in the plague; the hare shaman realizes that they are trapped; the old man killed the hares with a stick, but only touched the shaman the tips of the ears, since then they are black]: Myreeva 2009:168.

Amur-Sakhalin. Negidals: Khasanova, Pevnov 2003b, No. 70 [the old man lies down on the snow in the taiga, lowers his pants, pushes rose hips in his ass; calls for help larch and oaks; hares think he is dies, brings him to his house; the old woman closes the holes, they hit the hares, one hit the ears with a poker; when the old man tries to repeat the trick, this escaped hare warns the others, they they throw the old man], 71 [the poor man lies in the forest on the snow, shoves rosehips into his ears and nose; squirrels and other small animals drag him to his house; he tells his wife to close the windows and doors; old men and their granddaughter hit little animals; Fox, Hare hit in the ears, Ermine, Partridge on the tip of the tail; these marks are preserved; the rich neighbor tries to repeat the trick; when the animals drag him, he hurts, he jumps up; next time the poor man smears the tree with glue, the animals and birds stick; the rich man sticks himself with his wife and granddaughter; they turn into influxes on the tree], 72 [in the taiga, the old man lies down on snow, puts rosehips in his nose and ears; Hares bring him to his house; he tells his wife to close the holes in the house, hits hares; the old woman hit the ears with one poker, he ran away, the tips of his ears turned black; a rich neighbor tries to do the same; the hare grabs his beard, he jumps up, the hares run away]: 138-139, 141-143, 144; Nanais: Aurora 1986, No. 15 (Naikha Nanais) [Crucian with The crow mows the reeds, the Raven offers to compete, whoever collects the sheaf faster, wins, wants to eat the Crucian carp, he hides in the lake; the Bear drinks the lake; the crow does not know which crucian carp is; the other The fox scratches the Bear's ass, the water flows out; the fox at the ice-hole has lowered its tail into the water, says it will recover this way; the Bear's tail froze to the ice, he tore it off; the Fox pretends to smear glue his eyes; Bear forcibly erased the glue; The fox offers to ride down the mountain, puts a spit, the Bear ran into it, died; Hares, Foxes ask the old man for a cauldron, an ax, a knife, forget to leave meat for him, brush their teeth, throw it into the cauldron; the old man is not offended, calls everyone to him, closes all exits, kills hares and foxes with his wife; one fox, one hare ran away through the hearth, their ears turned black], 16 [no episode with a frozen tail; Foxes urinated in cauldron, brought to the old woman; she closed the exits, killed the fox; (hares and the old man do not participate)]: 71-73, 75-77; Medvedev 1992 [the poor old man ate bird cherry, put berries in his ears, eyes, mouth, nose and lay down; hare: if died of thirst and hunger, then berries; from the cold? but there he has an ax, a flint; he called hares, ferrets, squirrels, foxes and other animals; the old man was thrown into the water, but his wife ran and told her to be taken home; the animals came in, the old woman closed all the exits, the old man he jumped up, they began to beat the animals; the hare ran away through the pipe, his ears were stained with soot; the old men took off their skins, hung them on the hang; the wife of the rich old man told her husband, he decided to repeat everything; the animals carried the old man came home; but then a hare came running with dirty ears: people are deceiving us; the old man was thrown into the water; he managed to throw his ax, killed only one hare]: 262; Udege people: Bereznitsky 2005, No. 47 [ the poor brother pretended to be dead, the hares carried him to them, he killed them with a log, ran away alone, the tips of his ears remained soot; the rich brother also lay down on the path; the escaped hare explained to the others, they threw the rich man into the ice-hole]: 476; Lebedev 1998, No. 35 [the old man lies down by the hole with a rosehip berry in his nose; the hare thinks that the old man died from this, tells the old woman; she tells the hares to bring the old man closes the door; they kill hares, leave him alone; the old woman hit him with a cauldron hook, since then the hare has black spots on his ears; the rich old man tried to do the same, the hares threw him at wormwood]: 255-261; Sanghi 1989 [=Medvedev 1992:398-403; poor Jenku-Mafa pretends to be dead, hares tell his wife about it; she tells him to be carried into the house; DM jumps up, kills hares, runs away alone ( the old woman hit him with a poker, missed, his ear turned black); rich Baia Mafa tries to repeat the trick, the escaped hare warns others, they run away; DM smears the tree with resin, to him birds stick; BM sticks by itself, followed by his wife and dog; they turn into tree growths (the origin of the growths)]: 261-284; ulchi [the poor old man told his wife to chew eggs, calls cut fish ice-holes, catches; pretended to be dead, putting rose hips in his nose, ears, eyes; the fox called foxes, hares, sables, squirrels, they brought the imaginary deceased home; the old woman closed all the holes in the house, an old man killed animals; a rich old man told his wife to call fish, killed her in a hurry, did not catch fish]: Sunik 1985, No. 4:129-131; Orochi [poor old man pretends to be dead in the forest; all animals carry him into his house; the old man comes to life, hits animals with his wife; those parts of the body that were beaten or stained with soot have turned black (the origin of animal color); a rich old man does the same; in his the house has many cracks, the animals run away; the rich becomes poor, the poor becomes rich]: Aurora, Lebedeva 1966, No. 10:135-136; Wilta [the fox collected shells from the shore; the heron took it to a distant island; the sea lion asks why she is crying; the fox: I am not crying, but singing; suggests counting who has more friends; while the sea lion was collecting sea lions, the fox ran along the shore, leaving many traces; when the sea lions lined up in a chain, the fox ran ashore along them - supposedly thought; took the shell again; she offered to race: if the fox wins, it can eat it; the shell clung to the fox's tail, the fox believed that he lost; the old man checked the traps, fell asleep; the fox thought he was dead, but from what? If he is hungry, he has a jukola, if it is cold, he has insoles in his shoes; squirrels, foxes, sables, deer and other animals took the old man and brought him into his house; the old woman closed all the holes in the house and they Many animals were killed by an old man]: Ikegami 2007, No. 12:46-50.

Japan. Ainu (Hokkaido): Brauns 1883 [Panambe wants to cross the river; foxes on the other side ask for help; they only laugh at him; then he pretends to be dead; foxes arrive hysterically they cry; he jumps up, kills them with a club, escapes alone with an injured leg; Penambe asks how he managed to get so many foxes; tries to repeat the trick; a fox with an injured leg warns others, foxes run away; Penambe dies in poverty]: 257; Hitchcock 1890 [zap. Chamberlain; Panaumbe comes to the river, calls those behind the rocks on the other side; foxes cram into the boat, sail, cry, ask if Panaumbe is cold to death or starved; he jumps up hits them with a club, one fox runs away with a broken leg; Panaumbe became rich by selling their skins; Penaumbe asks how he managed to get so many foxes; repeats the trick; a fox with a broken leg tells others cry far from Penaumbe; he did not kill a single one, died a miserable death]: 485-486.

SV Asia. Forest Yukaghirs: Jochelson 1926, No. 5 [=Zhukova, Chernetsov 1992:13-15; the old woman sends her husband to get hares; he cuts off willows, hides under branches; hares come; the first jumps off in fear, then everyone gathers, takes the old man to his house; the old man hits a tambourine, asks his wife to close the door, kills hares; the wife asks why he didn't leave her alone; finds one under a pile of brushwood, hits her with a cauldron hook, touches only the tips of the ears; finds a partridge, it only touches the feathers on the tail; these hare and partridge escape, the current ones come from them; hares now have black ears, partridges - tail tip]: 254; Lebedeva 1993 [old man Samteney catches hares and partridges with snare]: 60-65; Zhukova, Prokopyeva 1991, No. 6 (p. The ridiculous Verkhnekolymsky ulus of Yakutia) [the hares had long tails; in winter the old man and the old woman ran out of food; the old man put on clothes made of hare skins, lay down on the hare path; the running hare became his tug, the old man showed no signs of life; the hare ran for help, hares from all over the forest came running; thought that the old man was dying, brought him home; the old man hinted to the old woman to close the windows; wanting cheer up the old man, the hares began to dance; the old man jumped up and began to beat the hares with a stick; only one managed to escape; the old man managed to cut off his tail, and the old woman hit his ears with a head; therefore, hares have short tails and black ear tips]: 147-148; Spiridonov 1996 [the old man put on his Doha from hare skins, walked away from the hut, lay down and groaned; the hares ran and began to cry that they were theirs Grandpa dies; then they picked him up, carried him home; the old lady opened the doors; the hares brought the old man in and went in themselves; "Old woman, lock all the doors! , - the old man wheezes; the hares are happy - the old man is recovering; the old man jumped up, began to beat the hares with a knife, and the old woman with a club; two hares escaped; the old man stabbed one, but only cut off the tail, this hare jumped out the window; the second one jumped out the smoke hole, the old woman hit the tips of his ears, they were stained with soot; these two birds gave birth to the current ones: with short tails and black tips ears]: 46; tundra yukaghirs [(summary); fox deceived the old man and ate his supplies; the old man invited animals to his home for camlania; kills everyone, including the deceiver fox]: Golovlev et al. 1975: 241.

(Wed. The Arctic. The Polar Eskimos [the girl and her grandmother allow the Month to spend the night with her; he pays with foxes; many foxes cram into the house; some grandma and granddaughter kill, eat; the rest are kicked out]: Kroeber 1899, NO. 27:180).