M89. Melted wax.

.11.15.27.40.42.-.44.46.48.50.52.58.61.-.63.66.72.73.

A character is humiliated after an object or creature made of wax, resin, or excrement that he made himself or that he thought was strong melts warmly, the present.

Ila, Lamba, Nsenga, Makonde, Kaguru, Xhosa, Swahili, Sicilians, Ancient Greece, Aleuts (Atka), Haida, Comox, Cowlitz, Kurdalen, Kutene, Menominee, Northern Ojibwa (Sandy Lake), timagami ojibwa, algonquins actually blacklegs, assiniboine, vintu, wappo, hicarilla, navajo, lenka, warrau, uitoto, napo, shuar, aguaruna, munduruku, shipibo, toba, maka, matako, ofaye, guarani.

Bantu-speaking Africa. Ila [only horned animals are allowed to attend the festival; the hare pasted their horns with wax, came with the rhinoceros bird, and rightfully sat by the fire; the wax began to melt; the rhinoceros bird began to scream about it, Hare explained that he wanted the grounds of the beer; but the wax melted, the Hare was shamefully kicked out]: Smith, Dale 1920, No. 5:386-387 (retelling in Werner 1933:291-292); kaguru [The hare invites all horned animals to a feast ; The hyena finds old buffalo horns, glues it with resin, comes; The hare puts her on a chair in the sun, says that all the seats in the shade are occupied; the resin has melted, the horns have fallen, the Hyena has been shamefully expelled]: Beidelman 1975a, No. 13:570-572; the scythe [The lion invited the Jackal to hunt together; the Leo would take the big animals, the Jackal would take the small ones; the lion killed the antelope, told the Jackal to take it to the Lion's house; the Jackal called his children, they dragged the carcass together onto the rock; the lion cannot get there; one day the Jackal went to get water, the Leo saw him, chased him, the Jackal whizzed into the hole; the lion grabbed his tail, the Jackal said that this is the root; let Leo take the stone and hit to see if blood comes out; while Leo was looking for the stone, the Jackal climbed deeper; then ran away; once he met Leo, pointed to him at an antelope supposedly standing nearby, promised to drive her to Leo, ran away again; there was a meeting of animals, only horned ones could come; the Jackal made horns out of wax; fell asleep by the fire, the horns melted; the lion recognized him, chased, the Jackal stood under the rock: it will collapse now, we must hold it; while Leo was chasing the pole, the Jackal ran away; they are hunting together again; the lion tells him to take the bull's chest to his wife, and the bottom of his leg to be a jackal, he did the opposite; the lion went to the rock the Jackal was wearing it; he lowered his rope of mouse skins; The lion climbed, the rope broke, the Leo hurt himself painfully]: McCall Theal 1882:175-179; lamba, nsenga [about like silt]: Werner 1933:291; maconde [The pig wants to fly like a Kite; he waxes its wings, it flies with it; closer to the sun, the wax has melted, the feathers have fallen out, the Pig has hit the ground with its nose, since then its nose has melted piglet; grunts angrily when he sees the Kite in the sky]: Pozdnyakov 1990:112-113; Swahili [only horned animals gather for the festival; Hyena waxed its horns, came in the morning; when the sun was full, the wax melted; the Hyena started screaming that some of them would now lose their horns, but others realized that Hyena was a liar, drove her away]: Velten 1898:2 in Werner 1933:291.

Southern Europe. Sicilians: Kabakova 2006, No. 58 [the pig asked God to make her wings; God agreed and waxed its wings; the pig flew higher to see more, the wax melted in the sun, the pig flew higher fell with her nose, it became a blunt patch], 59 [the pig envied the birds, also wanted to fly; God gave her wings with wax; the wax melted in the sky under the sun, the pig fell, her body acquired the current one form]: 109-110, 110.

The Balkans. Ancient Greece [1) After Master Daedalus helped Ariadne save Theseus from the labyrinth, King Minos of Crete imprisoned him and his son Icarus into the labyrinth. He made wings for his son and himself, gluing his feathers together with wax. Icarus rose too high, the sun melted the wax, and Icarus fell into the sea. The Greeks called this part of the Aegean Sea the Ikarian Sea. 2) On the island of Lefkada near Akarnania, feathers and birds were tied to the criminal's body and thrown off a cliff (Cell: 106; Strabo X, II, 9).

The Arctic. Aleuts (Atka) [the old woman combs her granddaughter; pretends to be dying, asks her to be buried under a boat with all her possessions; pulls her skin, makes a penis out of parsnip stem, clay, moss, resins; makes testicles out of bags; takes her granddaughter as his wife; turns out to be a worthless hunter; when warm, her fake genitals fall off; people beat her to death]: Jochelson 1990, No. 78:543-561.

NW Coast. Hyda (Skidgate) [The raven turns himself into a woman, a long stone into a baby; gets married; steals fish at night, loses a labrette; says she flies into the pantry by herself; women notice the imaginary wife has a crow's tail; she explains that this happens; promises that her relatives will come to visit her husband; makes them out of excrement; when they enter the house, they melt warm; the Raven flies away]: Swanton 1905: 132.

The coast is the Plateau. Comox [mink consistently marries women who warn him that he will not be able to act like them and will get into trouble; he insists fails; 1) Mist; wife and her sisters they dance, he joins them, falls to the ground; 2) Eagle; gets clothes from feathers; warned to dive carefully when fishing for salmon; dives sharply, breaks to the ground; 3) Resin; it melts on the sun, he sticks to the bed, runs to the forest to tear it off, some old man helps him do it; 4) Algae; at high tide he holds on to his wife, seaweed moves with the water, the mink almost drowns; 5) A shell; hits her in the face, but only hurts his hand; 6) a white woman; 7) an otter's wife; 8) a grizzly bear; does not prepare food and is not fed in winter; he says that enemies are coming, we must translate supplies elsewhere; swims away with boxes of salmon and caviar; the wife sees leftovers floating in the water, chases, kills the mink brother; he asks the tree to fall, run over it, but it only scratches his face; so asks for many trees, but each one, when falling, only scratches without killing]: Boas 1895, No. VIII.4:71 (=2002:189-191); upper chehalis [Little Wren kills an elk; his grandmother refuses to carry various pieces of meat, saying that her Raven lover will call her genitals chest, leg, etc.; takes a penis, masturbates with it; one day Wren cries; grandma offers him various food; finally asks if he wants to have sex; Yes; she asks to dig a hole on the floor to comfortably place his hump; they lie covered with their skin, the bird looks into the house; then knocks, Wren opens, asks what news; Wren copulates with his grandmother; he fights with the guest; the grandmother throws a burning bark at the guest, gets into the Wren, he burns; she glues the bones with resin, but it melts in the sun every time; turns into a wren]: Adamson 1934:36-38; colitz [Wren lives with his grandmother, flies into the ass of an elk, kills it from the inside; the grandmother rejects different parts carcasses, wants genitals; Wren explains that meat is for food, not sex; says he is hungry; rejects meat, berries; rejoices when the grandmother offers him her ass; digs a hole, the grandmother goes to bed in it, he makes love to her; hears two talking, one says that someone copulates with Wren's grandmother; Wren fights with the offender (this is a bird), the grandmother accidentally pushes not the offender into the fire, but the Wren; he glues his bones four times with resin, each time he melts in the sun; turns into a wren; the grandmother turns into a blue bird (Bluebird), sings to the rain]: Adamson 1934:185-188; curdalen [Coyote comes to the house where Pheasant's children bake berries; asks their parents' names; the answer is an indecent and threatening play on words (in the sense that the father will frighten him suddenly flying from behind and his mother between his legs); Coyote kills them; Pheasants suddenly take off when the Coyote walks along the cliff, he falls; Pheasants revive their children; Coyote breaks his leg, eats his bone the brain, fills the hollow bone with chewed willow branches; to prevent two children from saying that the Coyote is eating himself, he curves their mouths, they turn into crossbill, Loxia curvirostra; sees a man throwing his eyes up, they go back to his eye sockets; Coyote says his grandfather also took this trick, throws his own, the man grabs them, runs away; the Coyote stumbles upon someone takes his eyes for himself, throws him off a cliff, he turns into Catbird (rock wren?) ; sees a woman sitting, she reacts only when he burns her with nettles, says he will go with him; he sees dancing, puts out the fire, but the fat bubbles turn out to be stone; he lights the fire, there is no one He is surrounded by rocks, he is in a stone bag; birds come to hammer a stone, the Woodpecker pecks a hole to Coyote's eye, flies away; the Coyote sees the Vulture, calls him names; the Vulture pecks out his eye; The Coyote looks at others, the Vulture pecks him out; the woman who went with the Coyote broke the rock with her belt; aims the blind Coyote's arrow at the deer, which hits the target, but the woman lies like an arrow got into a tree; drives the Coyote in circles as if they had gone far; cooks venison; admits that he did kill a deer; after filling his gut with fat, he told me to put it on his eyes; the Coyote begins to see, but then eats fat , goes blind again; makes her eyes out of resin; they are weak, the resin melts every now and then from the heat; the Coyote comes to the blind woman; today she will come to the dancers, where she will insert the eyes of the Coyote; the Coyote kills her puts on her clothes, scratches her eye; explains to her four granddaughters (Nightjar and three other types of birds) that she is hoarse and a sunflower seed has fallen into her eye; granddaughters take turns carrying an imaginary grandmother; she is planted before Coyote's eyes; an imaginary old woman tells her to extinguish the fire, dance in the dark; inserts her eyes in, runs away, leaving the saliva responsible for herself; the audience understands that "the leader took his eyes"]: Reichard 1947, No. 7:89-95; coutenay [Coyote loses his eyes; makes new ones out of resin; on a hot day it melts]: Boas 1918, No. 62:185; cous [Trickster (Coyote?) sleeps in the hollow, the hole overgrows; he pushes the remote parts of his body through the gap; the raven carries his entrails; the Trickster eats strawberries, they fall out; covers the anus with resin; jumps over the fire, the resin melts; takes some baby's insides]: Jacobs 1940, No. 29:192.

The Midwest. Menominee [a bunch of excrement turns into a human being, going to get married]: Skinner, Satterlee 1915, No. II18a [returns because of the rain; next time eaten by dogs], II18b [groom one of the sisters invites her excrement to marry her second sister; in spring, the husband and the baby born melt and turn into excrement]: 382-383; northern Ojibwa (Sandy Lake) [girl replies to the groom, what better way to go beyond a bunch of crap; the groom's father creates a handsome man, sends him to her; she marries him, follows his footsteps, finds his skis, clothes, a big pile of crap; it's the man who melted out of the crap under the sun]: Ray, Stevens 1971:79-80; timagami ojibwa [the rejected groom makes a man out of his excrement; he does not want to sit by the fire; the girl follows him; in April he melts]: Speck 1915d, No. 18:69-70; Algonquins (group not specified) [the arrogant girl rejects and humiliates the Handsome Man; he makes a scarecrow out of rags, animal bones, snow; this is Mauvis, he dresses him up, revives him; the girl goes after M.; follows him, finds skis, then rags and bones; M. melted under the sun]: Spence 1985:159-162.

Plains. Blacklegs [the girl refuses everything; finds a bunch of excrement; then she meets a handsome young man, brings him to her house; he feels bad in the spring; he leaves, melts, turns into excrement again; them son becomes chief]: Wissler, Duvall 1908, No. 7:151-152; assiniboine [girl changes diet, her excrement turns black, she scolds them; angry excrement turns into a man; he comes to marry her; refuses hot soup; starts to melt warm, leaves; the girl follows him, finds scraps of clothes full of excrement; returns home]: Lowie 1909a, No. 13:162-164 .

California. Vintu [The Coyote has been starving for so long that food has stopped being digested; he passes through the Coyote without hesitation; he seals his anus with resin, lies by the fire; the resin melts, the food falls through again]: Dubois, Demetracopoulou 1931, No. 59:384; wappo [in the steam room, the old coyote man shows his penis to two girls; they kick it, the penis breaks off; the Coyote sticks it with resin, comes back; the resin melts from the heat, the penis falls off again; he sticks it again, returns to the girls; they dress him up as a girl; an imaginary girl marries Blue Jay; gets pregnant, dies because she can't to be born; he was cremated; after the steam room, Blue Jay invited everyone to become birds; everyone turned into birds (and animals), the Turtle became a turtle, jumped into the water]: Radin 1924, No. 10:83-85.

The Great Southwest. Jicarilla [like a kutene; Coyote falls in the sun; resin melts, streaks have been visible on the coyote's cheeks ever since]: Goddard 1911, No. 33:229; Navajo: Hill, Hill 1945, No. 7-8 [Thrushes catch an eye tree, they call back, their eyes return to their eye sockets; Coyote imitates them, their eyes get stuck on a branch; he makes new ones from pine resin, since then his eyes are yellow; at home he gives his wife a hoof rattle deer, she ties her to her belt; he sits with his back on the fire, but eventually the tar in his eyes melts; so the coyotes have dark stains under his eyes; the Coyote follows his wife to the sound of a rattle; that throws it off a cliff; Coyote goes to the sound, crashes]: 322-323; Matthews 1994 [two birds juggle their own eyes, Coyote wants to too; birds throw up his eyes; and tie two eyes for the fifth time together, they get stuck in a tree; they make Coyote's eyes out of resin, since then they're yellow; the Coyote sits by the fire, the resin melts; the hawk rattles the girl's rattle; the Coyote goes to the sound, falls into the abyss; comes to life, because his life is in his nose and the tip of his tail]: 89-90.

Mesoamerica Lenka [first humans live in the moonlight; wear wax hats; when the sun comes, it gets hot, the wax melts, people hide in caves, die]: Carias et al. 1988:63-64.

Guiana. Varrau [The turtle takes the Jaguar's necklace; he asks the Hawk or Vulture to help him; the Turtle defeats the bird, pulls out its feathers, attaches it, flies, the feathers fall out, the Turtle falls on an old woman, killing her; cooking her meat; her granddaughters find a brew]: Wilbert 1970, No. 183 [waxes hawk feathers, wax melts under the sun], 184, 208:411, 413-414, 480-481.

Western Amazon. The wax melts under the sun. Napo [The Vulture invites the Battleship to fly; brings him feathers, waxes him; the wax melts under the sun, the Battleship falls, asks Tapir to pull it out of the clay; he offers to hold on to his eggs, pulls them out; Battleship cuts them off with a knife, Tapir dies; Battleship hides in a carcass; vultures flock, he kills them one by one]: Mercier 1979:199-201; shuar: Pelizzaro 1993 [the sun makes the wings of the Possum and Vulture; waxes them, tells them not to fly for a month until the wings grow; the Opossum takes off ahead of time, his fiancée admires him, the wax melts, he falls; so humans have no wings, but vultures do]: 70-71; Rueda 1987, No. 7 [The sun gives Opossum wings, waxes, tells him not to fly in the sun; Opossum hurries to his lover, takes off, the wax melts, it falls; var.: Opossum also wants to play with the month like a ball, burns his hands against it; the Sun curses the Possum, does not give it wings]: 62-63; Aguaruna [Little Battleship wants fly, asks people who make them and wax them; they warn not to fly in the sun; he breaks the ban, the wax melts, it falls; in this place a woman sculpted a clay vessel, put on it on the Battleship; part of the vessel was blinded by the Frog, a bad potter; therefore, some parts of the battleship's shell look different; birds take their wings]: Chumap Lucía, García-Rendueles 1979, NO. 25:253-257.

NW Amazon. Uitoto [an old woman climbs a resin rope for the hero into the sky; the resin melts under the sun, the old woman falls]: Girard 1958:78.

Central Amazon. Munduruku [The fox waxes feathers, takes off after the Vulture; the wax melts in the sun, the Fox falls, breaks]: Farabee 1917:134 in Lévi-Strauss 1966, No. 220:94.

Montagna - Jurua. Shipibo [battleship; turtle; wax melted under the sun]: Roe 1991a: 26-28

Chaco. Matako: Wilbert, Simoneau 1982a, No. 78 [Tokhuah asks Chauna torquata birds to give him feathers, they wax them, he takes off, the wax melts in the sun, T. falls, screams, I mortar, falls with a mortar, becomes human], 112 [(Metraux 1939:31); Taqwah stole fire; Jaguar is left without fire, chasing T. ; birds each give him a pen; he waxes them, flies away; the Jaguar blows, the wax melts, T. falls, hides in a hole; the Jaguar leaves a piece of his skin before entering, leaves; T. starves; finally comes out, runs away]: 165-168, 217; maca [Jaguar asks Vulture to teach him how to fly; he makes his wings out of feathers glued together with wax; the wax melts under the sun, Jaguar falls, Vulture bites his corpse]: Wilbert, Simoneau 1991a, No. 54 [ovenbird revives it from bones], 55:136-138; toba: Wilbert, Simoneau 1982b, No. 111-112 [fox; wax melted under the sun]: 228-229; 1989a, No. 208-209 [as in Wilbert, Simoneau 1982b]: 290-291

Southern Brazil. Ofaye [the anaconda asks the boys to paint it; they climb it, she crawls into the lake with them; the man hears voices, sees the children in the water; they say they are happy with their new life, that fathers, but not mothers can come to the lake; one woman makes her penis out of wax, comes; penis melts in the sun, woman laughs; men turn into vultures, death becomes final]: Ribeiro 1951, No. 3:121-123; Guarani (caaiva) [(zap. Manizer); the man waxed his wings, flew, the wax melted under the sun, he began to fall, turned into a jacaveré bird (Gallinago paraguaensis); it rises high, then falls with folded with wings, lives in a swamp]: Strelnikov 1930:226; Tanasiychuk 2003:219.