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Stith Thompson Motif Index
About this index and how to read it
Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature classifies recurring narrative elements in folktales, myths, legends, ballads and related traditional narratives. Each entry below gives Thompson's motif reference and the description recorded in the index.
The index is large, so this browser displays 250 entries per page. You can search by motif reference or by words in the description, restrict the results to one of Thompson's main letter categories, and click motif references mentioned inside descriptions to follow cross-references. Individual motif pages also show any ATU tale types whose concordance explicitly cites that Thompson reference.
All
A
Mythological Motifs
B
Animal Motifs
C
Motifs of Tabu
D
Magic
E
The Dead
F
Marvels
G
Ogres
H
Tests
J
The Wise and the Foolish
K
Deceptions
L
Reversals of Fortune
M
Ordaining the Future
N
Chance and Fate
P
Society
Q
Rewards and Punishments
R
Captives and Fugitives
S
Unnatural Cruelty
T
Sex
U
The Nature of Life
V
Religion
W
Traits of Character
X
Humor
Z
Miscellaneous Groups of Motifs
| Thompson reference ▲ | Description |
|---|---|
| D621.3 | Ugly by day; fair by night. *Köhler-Bolte II 435ff.; Irish myth: Cross. |
| D621.4 | Size of object transformed at night. |
| D621.4.1 | Magic dog shrinks at night. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D621.5 | Sheep by day; dog by night. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D621.6 | Young man issues from conch-shell every evening. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D622 | Weekly transformation. See all references to C31.1.2. (Mélusine).—Jijena Sanchez 42. |
| D622.1 | Transformation to werwolf every Friday night. S. A. Indian (Brazil): Jijena Sanchez 42. |
| D623 | Transformation every ten days. Icelandic: Volsungasaga 15. |
| D624 | Yearly transformation. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D624.1 | Storks become men in Egypt in the winter. (Cf. D155.1.)—Wesselski Bebel II 138 No. 117. |
| D624.2 | Fairies become birds every other year. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D624.3 | Yearly transformation to person of different sex. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D630 | Transformation and disenchantment at will. See, in general, references throughout D610—D629, D640—D659, D670—D699, nearly all of which motifs involve the idea of voluntary transformation.—*Types 652, 665; Hdwb. d. Märchens s.v. "Baum"; *Bolte Reise der Söhne Giaffers 215; *Chauvin VII 83 No. 373bis n. 1.—German: Grimm Nos. 51, 56, 68, 181; Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 84 n. 2, Grote I 105; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 298f., MacCulloch Eddic 46ff. (Odin), *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Keith 156, 218; Arabian: Burton Nights I 134ff., 220f., III 126f., 236, VII 76, 300, IX 331, X 30, S II 86, 105, S V 88, S VII 239; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 420, II 676; Chinese: Werner 327, Coyajee JPASB XXIV 182, Jameson The Chinese Art of Shifting Shape (JAFL LXIV 275—80), Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 85; Indonesian: De Vries's list No. 152, 153; New Guinea: Dixon 138; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 401ff. note; New Hebrides: Beckwith 131; Easter Island: Métraux Ethnology 363.—S. A. Indian (Argentina): Jijena Sanchez 53; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 271 No. 84.—Africa (Cold Coast): Barker and Sinclair 42 No. 4, (Ekoi): Talbot 247. |
| D630.1 | Power of self-transformation received from wood spirit. *Type 677. |
| D630.1.1 | Power of self-transformation received from demon. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D630.2 | Power of self-transformation received from a god. Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 84 n. 2; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D630.2.1 | Power of self-transformation received from an angel. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D630.3 | Power of self-transformation received from fairy parent. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D630.4 | Deity has power of self-transformation. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 93, 117ff, 172ff., 186, 276—83, 512. |
| D631 | Size changed at will. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D631.1 | Person changes size at will. Irish myth: Cross; Marquesas: Handy 106; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 77, 241, Rink 402, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 84; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 154 (see D55.2.1.). |
| D631.1.1 | Person changes appearance at will. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D631.2 | Animal's size changed at will. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516. |
| D631.2.1 | Dogs large or small at will. N. A. Indian (Micmac): Michelson JAFL XXXVIII 52. |
| D631.3 | Size of object changed at will. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen 235, III 173. |
| D631.3.1 | Compressible canoe. Can be made pocket size. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14c. |
| D631.3.1.1 | Compressible ship. Can be put into vest pocket. (Cf. D1123.)—Fb "skib" III 243a.—Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 109, Boberg. |
| D631.3.2 | Compressible tent. Large or small at will. Chauvin VI 135 No. 286 n. 1. |
| D631.3.3 | Sword large or small at will. (Cf. D1081.) Fb "sværd" III 690b; Irish myth: Cross. |
| D631.3.4 | Compressible load. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D631.3.5 | Compressible hammer. (Cf. D1209.4.)—Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 79, Boberg. |
| D631.3.6 | Cloth large or small at will. Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen II 103. |
| D631.3.7 | Bed large or small at will. Irish myth: Cross (D631.6); India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D631.3.8 | Spear large or small at will. Icelandic: Sturlaugs saga st. 625—26, Boberg. |
| D631.4 | Supernatural creatures change size at will. |
| D631.4.1 | Dwarfs change size at will. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 248. |
| D631.4.2 | Angels change size at will. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D631.4.3 | Demons change size at will. Jewish: Neuman. |
| D631.4.4 | Creature born from egg changes size at will. Marquesas: Handy 124. |
| D632 | Boat transforms self at will of master. Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "bateau". |
| D632.1 | Island canoe. An island that becomes a canoe at will. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 275 n. 14. |
| D640 | Reasons for voluntary transformation. |
| D641 | Transformation to reach difficult place. *Types 329, 665, 434.—Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 261; Finnish: Kalevala rune 43; Greek: Fox 178; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 270, 273, 365, Ferguson 159; Maori: Dixon 79; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 310 n. 117; S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 26. |
| D641.1 | Lover as bird visits mistress. *Type 432; Child V 39ff.—Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Grote I 86; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D641.1.1 | Girl as bird visits lover. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D641.1.2 | Transformation to be able to woo maiden. Greek: Grote I 139; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D641.2 | Transformation to gain access to enemy's camp (fortress). Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D641.2.1 | Transformation to spy out enemy's camp. Korean: Zong in-Sob 64. |
| D641.3 | Transformation in order to enter rival's stomach. (Cf. D651.2.) Tonga: Gifford 76. |
| D641.4 | Transformation to travel to otherworld. S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 24. |
| D642 | Transformation to escape difficult situation. Type 461; Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; India: *Thompson-Balys; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 258 No. 40; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 238 No. 35. |
| D642.1 | Transformation to escape from captivity. Finnish: Kalevala rune 16; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Chinese: Werner 366. |
| D642.2 | Transformation to escape death. *Type 316.—Greek: *Frazer Apollodorus I 49 n. 2, 251 n. 4; Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 146, *Boberg; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 324.—N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 310 nn. 117a, 117b.; S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 120; Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 83; Eskimo (Greenland) Rasmussen II 211; Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 247. |
| D642.3 | Transformation to escape lover. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 22 (Mitis), II 54 n. 1 (Psamathe), 67 n. 6 (Thetis); Chinese: Graham. |
| D642.3.1 | Pursued sweetheart becomes tree. (Cf. D215.)—Greek: Fox 181 (Daphne); India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Crow): Lowie PaAM XXV 45. |
| D642.4 | Transformation to escape ambush. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D642.5 | Transformation to escape notice. Greek: Grote I 43; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D642.5.1 | Transformation to hide from ogress. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D642.6 | Transformation to escape ogress. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D642.7 | Transformation to elude pursuers. (Cf. D671, D672.) Jewish: Neuman. |
| D643 | Transformation so as to rescue. |
| D643.1 | Transformation to falcon in order to rescue condemned man at the gallows. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D643.2 | Man transformed to deer decoy for people at execution of saint's friend. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D644 | Transformation to travel fast. Icelandic: Boberg; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 317, 323, 331; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 516. |
| D645 | Transformation to test heroes. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D646 | Transformation to be picked up (caught). Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 262 No. 39. |
| D646.1 | Transformation to fish to be caught. Chinese: Werner 273, 363. |
| D646.2 | Transformation to child or pet to be adopted. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 281 n. 42 (many of the references). |
| D647 | Transformation to seek lost (or unknown) person. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D647.1 | Faithful brother transforms self to deer to seek sister. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D647.2 | Transformation to eagle so as to scour country for lovely woman as bride for king. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D651 | Transformation to defeat enemies. (Cf. D615.) Irish myth: Cross; Welsh: MacCulloch Celtic 189; Middle English Romance: Wells 103 (Alliterative Alexander Fragment A); Icelandic: *Boberg; Greek: Fox 219 (Dionysus); India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D651.1 | Transformation to kill enemy. India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Aleut): Golder JAFL XVIII 220; S. A. Indian (Yuricare): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 504, (Mundurucú): Horton ibid. (3) 294, (Apapocuvá-Guaraní): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 238; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 278 n. 26, (Plains Ojibwa): Skinner JAFL XXXII 303 No. 7. |
| D651.1.1 | Transformation of magic object to animal which kills enemy. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D651.1.2 | Demons assume human form to revenge brother's death. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D651.1.3 | Queen transforms herself to defeat god of death. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D651.2 | Transformation to frighten enemy. (Cf. D641.3.) Icelandic: Egils saga einhenda XII 9—10; India: Thompson-Balys; Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 359 No. 12. |
| D651.3 | Transformation to destroy enemy's property. Africa (Angola): Chatelain 245 No. 47. |
| D651.4 | Transformation to ant in order to gnaw bow-strings of enemy. *Charpentier Kleine Beiträge 35 n. 3. |
| D651.5 | Transformation to spy enemy's camp. Icelandic: *Boberg; Korean Zong in-Sob. |
| D651.6 | Transformation so as to protect hero from enemy. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D655 | Transformation to receive food. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 300 n. 100, 310 n. 117c.; S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 124f; Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 57 No. 25, (Angola): Chatelain 145 No. 15. |
| D655.1 | Transformation to buffalo so as to eat grass. Cheyenne: Campbell JAFL XXIX 407 No. 1. |
| D655.2 | Witch transforms self to animal (hare, pig) so as to suck cows. Kittredge Witchcraft 166, 484 nn. 21, 22; England, Ireland, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| D657 | Transformation to steal. (Cf. K300.)—Icelandic MacCulloch Eddic 54; Chinese: Werner 360f.; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 306 n. 109x, (Calif.): Gayton and Newman 63; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 220 No. 32. |
| D657.1 | Transformation to be put in food-bag. Cape Verde Islands: *Parsons MAFLS XV (1) 323. |
| D657.2 | Transformation to flying horse so as to abduct king. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D657.3 | Transformation in order to steal fire. S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 7, (Choco): ibid. 112. |
| D658 | Transformation to seduce. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 319 n. 2. 395; India: Thompson-Balys.—N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 305 n. 109v. |
| D658.1 | Transformation to animal to seduce woman. *Krappe études 53ff.—Irish myth: *Cross; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 209 n. 2 (Europa), Fox 24, 33, 60, 166, 223; Hindu: Keith 76 (Prajapati); N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Alexander N. Am. 26; Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 81 No. 11, 91 No. 12; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 211, (Congo): Weeks 219 No. 14, (Fjort): Dennett 71 No. 15. Cf. Chinese: Werner 363. |
| D658.2 | Transformation to husband's (lover's) form to seduce woman. *Penzer III 126f.; *Toldo Zs. f. Vksk. XV 367; *Frazer Apollodorus I 174 n. 1; *Hdwb. d. Märchens s.v. "Betrüger überführt"; Roscher Lexikon s.v. "Alkmene"; Euphorion I 589f.; Zachariae Zs. f. Vksk. XVI 138ff.; Wells 30 (Geoffrey of Monmouth), 32 (Layamon's Brut), 43 (Arthour and Merlin), 103 (Alliterative Alexander, Fragment A).—Irish myth: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 52, 56, 63, 75; Welsh: ibid. 185; German: Boberg; Indonesian: DeVries's list No. 150. |
| D658.3 | Transformation of sex to seduce. Irish myth: *Cross; Danish: Boberg; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 49. |
| D658.3.1 | Transformation to seduce man. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg; Hindu: Keith 151. |
| D658.3.2 | Transformation of animal to woman to seduce man. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D658.3.2.1 | God as mare seduces stallion. Icelandic: De la Saussaye 261 (Loki); India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D658.3.3 | Seven girls in guise of seven parrots come to boy who has spurned them. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D659 | Miscellaneous reasons for voluntary transformation. |
| D659.1 | Transformation to snakes at night in order to sleep. (Cf. D621.1.1.) Done by otherworld people.—New Britain: Dixon 117. |
| D659.2 | Transformation to animals to fight. (Cf. D615)—Icelandic: Boberg; Irish myth: *Cross; Persian: Carnoy 269; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 38. |
| D659.3 | Transformation to show displeasure. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 94 No. 14. |
| D659.4 | Transformation to act as helpful animal. |
| D659.4.1 | Transformation to lion in order to guard palace. (Cf. D112.1, D621.1.)—Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 451. |
| D659.4.2 | Sea dragon in serpent's form to accompany hero. (Cf. D419.1.1, B11.)—Chinese: Werner 311. |
| D659.4.3 | Transformation to eagle to carry hero to safety. Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq II 171ff. |
| D659.4.4 | Transformation to eagle in order to guard princess. Icelandic: Boberg. |
| D659.5 | Transformation to obtain blessing. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D659.6 | Transformation to friar to instruct mankind. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| D659.7 | Transformation: wife to mistress. Transformed wife substitutes for husband's mistress.—Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| D659.8 | Transformation to test fidelity. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D659.9 | Transformation to another form to persuade man to go to battle. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D659.10 | Transformation to lure hunters to certain place. Usually fairyland. Irish myth: *Cross; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D659.11 | Transformation to recover stolen goods. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule. |
| D659.12 | Transformation to tramp to escape recognition. French Canadian: Sister Marie Ursule. (Cf. D23.1.) |
| D659.13 | Transformation in order to drive buffaloes to milking. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D659.14 | Transformation: woman to fly so as to help hero pick out weapons from among many. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D660 | Motive for transformation of others. |
| D661 | Transformation as punishment. *Dh II 99ff., 123ff., III 284ff., 404ff., 426ff., IV 262; *Type 751A, 368*, 402*; *Fb "fisk" I 296b, "sten" III 553b, 554a; *BP III 168, 462; Köhler-Bolte I 154; Bolte Zs. f. Vksk. XXIX 69; Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 413.—Icelandic: *Boberg; Finnish: Kalevala rune 33; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 97 No. 836A*; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "amoureux"; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 313 No. 82; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 343 (Niobe), Fox 29 (Io); Jewish: Neuman; Tahiti: Dixon 65; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 89 No. 22, 105 No. 29. |
| D661.1 | Transformation as revenge for repulsing amorous advances. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D661.2 | Transformation as punishment for denouncing saint. Der Heiligen Leben und Leiden 100ff. (Santa Barbara). |
| D661.3 | Transformation for violation of vow. Greek: Grote I 162. |
| D662 | Transformation to cure inconstant husband. He falls in love with another woman: his wife changes him to negro. He then falls in love with negress: wife changes him to ass. He then falls in love with she-ass. Finally restored to his original form.—*Chauvin II 183 No. 23. |
| D663 | Transformation as reward. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| D664 | Transformation of woman by goddess to preserve chastity. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D665 | Transformation of enemy to be rid of him. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D665.1 | Transformation of rival in love (marriage) to be rid of him. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D665.2 | Transformation of stepchild to be rid of him. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D665.3 | Jealous co-wife transforms the other. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D666 | Transformation to save a person. Icelandic: Hjálmtèrs saga ok ölvers 472, Boberg; Jewish: Neuman. |
| D666.1 | King of birds transforms his quails into sticks and pebbles so king and his hunters and hawks cannot kill them. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D670 | Magic flight. Irish myth: Cross; *Krappe The Legend of Walther and Hildegund (Journal of English and Germanic Philology XXII [1923] 75—88). |
| D671 | Transformation flight. Fugitives transforms themselves in order to escape detection by the pursuer.—*Types 313, 325, 327; **Aarne Die magische Flucht (FFC XCII); *Fb "and" IV 12b, "rose" III 80a.—Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child V 499 s.v. "transformations"; Greek: Grote I 182; Jewish: Neuman; Arabian: Burton Nights V 353; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 75, 17 n. 1; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 327, 367, III 124, Rink 195, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 182; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 334 n. 205b; S. A. Indian (Sharanti, Comacan, Mashacalí): Horton BBAE CXLIII 3 294, (Mundurucu): Horton ibid. 3 281; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86.—Africa (Kaffir): Theal 98, (Zulu): Callaway 21, (Basuto): Jacottet 206 No. 30, Casalis Les Bassoutos (Paris 1859) 349. |
| D671.0.1 | Fugitive transforms self to stone. Thrown to safety by pursuer. Africa (Zulu): Held 144ff., (Bechuana): Brown, J. T. Among the Bantu Nomads (London, 1926) 181ff., (Northern Rhodesia): Worthington The Little Wise One (London, 1930) 135ff. No. 19, (Gan): Westermann Die Sprache der Guang (Berlin, 1922) 86f. |
| D671.0.2 | Fugitive transformed by helper to escape detection. Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Grote I 238. |
| D671.1 | Reversed transformation flight. Transformed pursuer. Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 363. |
| D672 | Obstacle flight. Fugitives throw objects behind them which magically become obstacles in pursuer's path.—*Types 313, 314, 325, 327, 502; **Aarne Die Magische Flucht (FFC XCII); **BP II 140; Fb "hеr" I 771b, "flaske" I 309a, "hvidtorn" I 703a; *Wesselski Theorie 31; *Hdwb. d. Märch. I 151a; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 1655; Cosquin études 166, 193ff.—England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "objets"; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 304 No. 30; Icelandic: Boberg; Hungarian: Solymossy Hongaarsche Sagen (Zutphen, 1929) 403; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 11; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer II 21, III 227 n. 1, 236ff., IX 151; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 234f.; Korean: Zong in-Sob 173f.; Japanese: Ikeda: Indonesian: Dixon 236 nn. 48, 49, DeVries Volksverhalen Nos. 16, 17, 63, 116; Philippine (Tinguian): *Cole 75, 17 n. 1; Marquesas: Handy 117; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 333 n. 205, (Yuchi): Speck UPa I 141 n. 5, Hatt Asiatic Influences 92ff.; S. A. Indian (Mundurucú, Carajá): Lowie BBAE CXLIII (3) 55, (Amuesha): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 149; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 79, (Greenland): Rasmussen I 106; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 274 No. 86; Africa (Duala): Lederbogen Märchen 145, (Basuto): Jacottet 4 No. 1, 220 No. 32, (Mpongwe): Nassau 74 No. 15, (Kaffir): Theal 87; Frobenius Atlantis IV 220, V 308. Cf. Ceiuci: Alexander Lat. Am. 304. |
| D672.1 | Magic objects as decoy for pursuer. Date palms are dropped which are transformed into animals which the pursuer stops to pick up. S. A. Indian (Ceiuci): Alexander Lat. Am. 304. |
| D673 | Reversed obstacle flight. Magic obstacles raised in front of fugitive.—Type 450; BP III 205.—Arabic: A. Jahn Die Mehri-Sprache in Südarabien (Wien, 1902) 124 No. 28, D. H. Müller Mehri und Hadrami-Texte (Wien, 1909) 99 No. 39, ibid. Mehri und Soquotri Sprache (Wien, 1905) II 99 No. 20. |
| D674 | Magic flight with the help of a he-goat. Speaking he-goat saves the girl promised to the devil. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *314B. |
| D675 | Sea turns to ice to permit flight. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 328, 367, III 124, 260, Rink 195, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 182. |
| D680 | Miscellaneous circumstances of transformation. |
| D681 | Gradual transformation. (Cf. D701.)—Köhler-Bolte I 573.—Greek: Hahn Gr. and alb. Märchen No. 29; Russian: v. Löwis of Menar Russische Märchen No. 29: Norwegian: Aasen Norske Minnestykke No. 62; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 170 No. 32, (White Mountain Apache): Goddard PaAM XXIV 128, (Joshua): Farrand-Frachtenberg JAFL XXVIII 241 No. 20;—Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 85. |
| D682 | Partial transformation. Tobler 54, 59ff., 80; Jewish: Neuman. |
| D682.1 | Partial transformation: person with animal head. Hartland Science 198; India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen I 150, (Central Eskimo): Boas BAM XV 182, 253, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 49. |
| D682.2 | Partial transformation: person with animal hair. Irish: MacCulloch Celtic 168. |
| D682.3 | Partial transformation: animal with human mind. Irish myth: *Cross; Penzer VI 5 n. 1. |
| D682.3.1 | Animals in human form retain animal food and habits. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 456, Rasmussen III 73, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 173, (Central Eskimo): Boas BAM XV 217. |
| D682.3.2 | Animal with human eyes. Icelandic: *Boberg. |
| D682.4 | Partial transformation—color changed. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D682.4.1 | Magic mantle changes color hourly. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D682.4.2 | "Spirit of poetry" as hideous youth becomes beautiful. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D683 | Transformation by magician. Kittredge Witchcraft 184 n. 97; Irish myth: *Cross; See also all notes to D615.1. |
| D683.1 | Transformers. Demigods who transform things at will so that they assume present form. See all references for motifs A900—A999 for work of transformers. (Cf. D272.)—Marshall Islands: Davenport JAFL LXVI 222. |
| D683.2 | Transformation by witch (sorceress). *Types 403, 405, 410, 450, 451; *Kittredge Witchcraft 183f. nn. 91—96; *Fb "grime" I 484.—Irish myth: *Cross; Italian Novella: Rotunda; Greek: Fox 137 (Circe); Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC No. 449; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D683.3 | Transformation by troll. Fb "trold" III 852b. |
| D683.4 | Transformation by saint. *Toldo Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. V 343; Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman. |
| D683.5 | Transformation by god (goddess). Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| D683.6 | Transformation by evil spirits. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D683.7 | Transformation by fairy. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D683.7.1 | Transformation by offspring of fairy and mortal. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D683.8 | Transformation by angel (God). Irish myth: *Cross; Jewish: Neuman. |
| D683.9 | Transformation by druid. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D684 | Transformation by helpful animals. *Type 329. |
| D684.0.1 | Transformation by magic animal. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D686 | Transformed animal refuses to touch meat of that animal. Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 102 No. 84. |
| D686.1 | Person transformed to animal refuses human food. Will eat only food suitable for his enchanted form. Scottish: Campbell-McKay No. 1 and note. |
| D688 | Transformed mother suckles child. *Types 403, 450; BP I 79ff., 99ff.—India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman; Japanese: Ikeda.—Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 87, (Kaffir): Theal 61. |
| D688.1 | Transformed cow advises daughter. Chinese: Graham. |
| D691 | Daily beating of men transformed to dogs. Necessary unless hero himself is to be transformed.—Chauvin V 3 No. 2, *5 No. 443. |
| D692 | City's inhabitants transformed to fish. Different classes to different colored fish.—Chauvin VI 57 No. 222 n. 3. |
| D693 | Man transformed to ass plays the lyre. *Type 430; *BP III 166. |
| D694 | Food left for transformed person. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D695 | Man transformed to woman has children. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D696 | Transformation during sleep. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D697 | Magic object can transform self. |
| D697.1 | Magic loin cloth can transform itself into anything. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D698 | Gods have power to transform themselves. Greek myth: passim; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 2, and chapt. 1 passim. |
| D699 | Additional transformation motifs. |
| D699.1 | Eyes of hero's buffalo friend turn into two powerful dogs that protect his wife. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D700 | Person disenchanted. Types 314, 402, 434*, 442, 502; *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 925 s.v. "Erlösung".—Irish myth: Cross; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "métamorphose"; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Werner 285, 356, 364. |
| D701 | Gradual disenchantment. (Cf. D617.)—*Type 307; Wimberly 381; Moe Samlede Skrifter I 52; German: Grimm Nos. 108, 121, 137; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D702 | Partial disenchantment. |
| D702.1 | Disenchantment with missing member. While in transformation a person loses a bodily member. When disenchanted, he still lacks the member.—Many of the references to E33 may refer to this motif. |
| D702.1.1 | Cat's paw cut off: woman's hand missing. A man spends a night in a haunted mill, where he cuts off a cat's paw. In the morning the miller's wife has lost her hand. (Cf. D142, D621.1.1.)—*Taylor MPh XVII 59 n. 8; Tobler 43; Eng., Ire., U.S.: *Baughman; India: Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda. |
| D702.1.2 | Hog's forefoot cut off: woman's hand missing. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| D702.2 | Person restored to human form retains certain animal features. German: Grimm No. 49. |
| D705 | Place disenchanted. |
| D705.1 | Castle disenchanted. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D710 | Disenchantment by rough treatment. Types 507A, 507C; India: Thompson-Balys; Irish myth: Cross. |
| D711 | Disenchantment by decapitation. *Types 314, 402, 425, 440, 441, 471, 506, 507, 531, 545A, 545B, 550, 708; *Fb "hoved" I 655a, "løse" II 517a; **Kittredge JAFL XVIII 1; BP I 9, III 60; Hartland Science 241.—Irish myth: *Cross; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; French: Sébillot France III 52, 140; India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Fjort): Dennett 39 No. 5. |
| D711.1 | Disenchantment by decapitation and replacement of head. Type 531; Fb "hund" I 678a. |
| D711.1.1 | Head transferred from one man to another; second man's head in first man's hand. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D711.2 | Disenchantment by cutting person in two. Type 506, 507, BP III 537; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D711.3 | Disenchantment from bird by cutting off bill. Fb "næb". |
| D711.4 | Disenchantment from flower by breaking stalk. Type 407.—Lithuanian: Balys Index Nos. *368, 407; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D711.4.1 | Disenchantment from flower by plucking it. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D711.5 | Disenchantment from leaf by breaking it from tree. Africa (Fjort): Dennett 42 No. 6. |
| D711.6 | Disenchantment from fruit by plucking it from tree. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D712 | Disenchantment by violence. |
| D712.1 | Disenchantment by cutting off and reversing bodily members. (Cf. D711.1.)—Kittredge JAFL XVIII 13; Fb "flе"; Irish myth: Cross. |
| D712.1.1 | Disenchantment by cutting off animal's limb. German: Grimm No. 57. |
| D712.1.2 | Disenchantment by cutting in two. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D712.2 | Disenchantment by slinging against something. Type 440; Hartland Science 242.—Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 510; Chile: Pino Saavedra 402. |
| D712.2.1 | Disenchantment by throwing into fire. (Cf. E15.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D712.3 | Disenchantment by striking. Wimberly 343.—Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 57 No. 412; Missouri-French: Carrière; Chinese: Werner 309; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D712.3.1 | Disenchantment by striking with a missile. Irish myth: *Cross. |
| D712.3.2 | Disenchantment by throwing a stone. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D712.3.3 | Disenchantment by throwing a flower. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D712.4 | Disenchantment by drawing blood. *Fb "blod" IV 48a; Child I 178, 337 n.; Wimberly 342; *Jijena Sanchez 19f., 36. |
| D712.4.1 | Disenchantment by drinking blood. Child I 178, 337 n.; Wimberly 341. |
| D712.5 | Disenchantment by beating. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 348 n. 249a; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 187, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 265, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 630, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 158, (Greenland): Rink 93, Rasmussen II 38, III 104. |
| D712.6 | Disenchantment by wounding. Kittredge JAFL XVIII 11; *Jijena Sanchez 35, 49; Chinese: Graham. |
| D712.7 | Disenchantment by shooting. Kittredge JAFL XVIII 11; Fb "and" IV 12b.—Africa (Mpongwe): Nassau 76 No. 15. |
| D712.8 | Disenchantment by ripping armor. Penzer Sigfrid 113. |
| D712.9 | Disenchantment by killing. Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III |
| D712.9.1 | Lizard in human form killed; corpse is lizard. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D712.10 | Disenchantment by driving stake through body. Irish myth: Cross. |
| D712.11 | Disenchantment by throwing objects at transformed person. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D714 | Disenchantment by rubbing. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL |
| D716 | Disenchantment by overcoming enchanted person in fight (contest). Type 406*; Hartland Science 243. |
| D717 | Disenchantment by assembling bones. |
| D717.1 | Disenchantment by laying collected bones in a seven-fold cloth and spreading another above it. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D718 | Disenchantment by shaving. Fb "løse" II 517a. |
| D719 | Disenchantment by rough treatment—miscellaneous. |
| D719.1 | Disenchantment by burying victim and sowing grain over him. Fb "levende" II 404ab. |
| D719.1.1 | Disenchantment through burial and revival. Chinese: Graham. |
| D719.2 | Girl destroys crab shape of husband and disenchants him permanently. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D720 | Disenchantment by removing (destroying) covering of enchanted person. |
| D721 | Disenchantment by removing skin (or covering). See all references to D361.1, Swan Maiden.—Irish myth: *Cross: India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XX 299, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 51; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 131, 156, 335; Africa (Pangwe): Tessman 368f. |
| D721.1 | Disenchantment by flaying. Fb "flе"; Kittredge JAFL XVIII 12. |
| D721.2 | Disenchantment by hiding skin (covering). When the enchanted person has temporarily removed the covering, it is stolen and the victim remains disenchanted until it is found. *Type 400; *Fb "sælhund".—Scandinavian: Krappe Scandinavian Studies XVIII (1944) 156—162; Slavic: Máchal 258; India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Surinam: Alexander Lat. Am. 274; Indonesian: DeVries's list No. 151; Africa (Basuto): Jacottet 146 No. 30, (Kaffir): Theal 38. |
| D721.3 | Disenchantment by destroying skin (covering). *Type 425, 430, 440, 441; Köhler-Bolte I *319, 511; *Chauvin VII 37 No. 212B.—Icelandic: *Boberg; Turkish: Giese Türkische Märchen (Jena 1925) 120; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham; Korean: Zong in-Sob 177.—Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 89, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 55, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 224; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 347 n. 249; S. A. Indian: Jijena Sanchez 23; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis IV 69, 287. |
| D721.4 | Disenchantment by holding temporarily disenchanted person. India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D721.5 | Disenchantment from fruit (flower) by opening it. Type 408; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D722 | Disenchantment by taking off bridle. Man transformed to horse (ass) thus released.—See references in D535.—*Type 325; *BP II 67; Chauvin V 150 No. 73.—French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; Missouri French: Carrière; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D723 | Disenchantment by putting on (removing) chain from neck. |
| D723.1 | Disenchantment by putting chain around neck. See all references to D536.1. |
| D723.2 | Disenchantment by removing chain from neck. French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17; India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| D723.2.1 | Disenchantment by removing string from neck. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D730 | Disenchantment by submission. The helper must submit to the will of the enchanted person. Icelandic: Hjálmthèrs saga ok ölvis 510, 515; French Canadian: Barbeau JAFL XXIX 17. |
| D731 | Disenchantment by obedience and kindness. *Type 431. |
| D732 | Loathly Lady. Man disenchants loathsome woman by embracing her.—Maynadier The Wife of Bath's Tale; Taylor Washington Univ. Studies IV (2) (1917) 177 n. 9; Vogt MLN XXXVII 339; Coomaraswamy On the Loathly Bride (Speculum 1945, 391ff.); Krappe Philological Quarterly XXVI 352ff.—Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: *Boberg.—Ila (Rhodesia): Smith and Dale II 404 No. 1; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| D732.1 | Disenchantment of girl by carrying her on back. Hartland Science 237, 243. |
| D733 | Loathly bridegroom. Woman disenchants loathsome man by embracing him.—India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Kodiak): Golder JAFL XVI 16; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 329 n. 188; S. A. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 44, 87. |
| D733.1 | Hairy anchorite. Beast-like man seduced by beautiful woman becomes human and handsome.—*C. A. Williams Oriental Affinities of the Legend of the Hairy Anchorite (U. of Illinois, 1925) 15; Gaster Oldest Stories 43. |
| D733.2 | Swine bridegroom. Bride disenchants him by her love. He returns to original form. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| D733.3 | Loathly husband a god in disguise. Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 648. |
| D734 | Disenchantment of animal by admission to woman's bed. *BP I 9; Type 440; Fb "løse" II 517a.—English: Child I 298, II 502b, IV 454a, V 213a, 215b; Indonesian: Dixon 210; Africa (Zulu): Callaway 63, 321, 327. |
| D735 | Disenchantment by kiss. *Type 410; BP I 9, II 236 n., 271, 561; Wimberly 335ff.; Hartland Science 238 f., 241; Taylor Washington Univ. Studies IV (2) (1917) 177 n. 9; Klapper 112.—Irish myth: *Cross; English: Child I 306ff., Icelandic: Sveinsson FFC LXXXIII xxxv, *Boberg; France: Sébillot France I 244, III 291; India: *Thompson-Balys; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 247 No. 29; Africa: Frobenius Atlantis I 108. |
| D735.1 | Beauty and the beast. Disenchantment of animal by being kissed by woman (man).—*Type 402, 425, 433A, 440; Fb "kys"; Dickson 55 nn. 70, 72; Tobler 53; Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 245; Studien zur vgl. Littgsch. II 360, 472 n. 4.—English: Child V 486 s.v. "kiss"; Chile: Pino Saavedra 404f.; India: Cowell Jataka V 141; Philippine: Fansler MAFLS XII 303; Africa (Kaffir): Theal 38. |
| D735.2 | Three redeeming kisses. (Die weisse Frau.) A woman can be disenchanted from animal form if man will kiss her three times, each time when she is in the form of a different terrifying animal.—Tobler 69; **M. Waehler Die weisse Frau (Erfurt 1931); *Hdwb. d. Abergl. II 928.—Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 298 No. 3, 307 No. 24, 314 No. 103, 322 No. 93, 325 No. 3, 329 No. 32; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3592. |
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