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Stith Thompson Motif Index
About this index and how to read it
Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature classifies recurring narrative elements in folktales, myths, legends, ballads and related traditional narratives. Each entry below gives Thompson's motif reference and the description recorded in the index.
The index is large, so this browser displays 250 entries per page. You can search by motif reference or by words in the description, restrict the results to one of Thompson's main letter categories, and click motif references mentioned inside descriptions to follow cross-references. Individual motif pages also show any ATU tale types whose concordance explicitly cites that Thompson reference.
All
A
Mythological Motifs
B
Animal Motifs
C
Motifs of Tabu
D
Magic
E
The Dead
F
Marvels
G
Ogres
H
Tests
J
The Wise and the Foolish
K
Deceptions
L
Reversals of Fortune
M
Ordaining the Future
N
Chance and Fate
P
Society
Q
Rewards and Punishments
R
Captives and Fugitives
S
Unnatural Cruelty
T
Sex
U
The Nature of Life
V
Religion
W
Traits of Character
X
Humor
Z
Miscellaneous Groups of Motifs
| Thompson reference ▲ | Description |
|---|---|
| E211 | Dead sweetheart haunts faithless lover. English: Child I 426; U.S.: Baughman, (North Carolina): Brown Collection I 676, (New York): Jones JAFL LVII 245; Corsican: Ortoli Contes Pop. de la Corse (Paris, 1883) 322, 330. |
| E211.1 | Dead sweetheart in the form of a white rabbit follows seducer. England: *Baughman. |
| E211.2 | Dead sweetheart appears to seducer every evening, even after he has married another woman. England: Baughman. |
| E212 | Dead lover sets tasks. If girl does not perform them (or answer his questions) he will carry her off. Child IV 439ff. |
| E214 | Dead lover haunts faithless sweetheart. |
| E214.1 | Dead lover returns to dance with fickle sweetheart at her wedding. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E215 | The Dead Rider (Lenore). Dead lover returns and takes sweetheart with him on horseback. She is sometimes saved at the grave by the crowing of the cock, though the experience is usually fatal. *Type 365; *Fb "død" I 228a, "ride" III 53a, "spøgelse" III 520ab; Krumbacher Zs. f. vgl. Litt. N. F. I (1887) 214—220; Wlislocki ibid. N.F. XI (1897) 467; Borker Germania XXXI 117; Dieterich Zs. f. Vksk. XII 147;—England: Child V 60ff., 303; England, U.S.: *Baughman; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 No. 28. |
| E217 | Fatal kiss from dead. English: Child I 439, II 229ff., 236f., III 512f., IV 474f. |
| E218 | Spells to recall dead lover. Boiling dead man's head, bones, or carcass in a pot, or burning a piece of lover's clothing or cat in a hot oven. English: Child V 61. |
| E220 | Dead relative's malevolent return. *Fb "spøgelse" III 520b; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3531; West Indies: Flowers 428. |
| E221 | Dead spouse's malevolent return. Usually to protest with survivor because of evil ways. English: Child II 281 No. 86; Danish: Grundtvig Danmarks Gamle Folkeviser No. 89b; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3526; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 114 No. 6; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 6 No. 47; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245; West Indies: Flowers 428. |
| E221.1 | Dead wife haunts husband on second marriage. *Pauli (ed. Bolte) No. 146; Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 185; England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E221.2 | Dead wife returns to reprove husband's second wife. Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories 129. |
| E221.2.1 | Dead wife returns to reprove husband's second wife for abusing her step-children. N. A. Indian (Fox): Jones PAES I 153. |
| E221.3 | Dead husband returns to reprove wife's second husband (lover). Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts. |
| E221.4 | Dead husband returns to protest wife's spending his money. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E221.5 | Dead wife torments husband who has let her die of neglect. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E222 | Dead mother's malevolent return. Irish: O'Suilleabhain 94, 104, Beal XXI 330, 333. |
| E222.0.1 | Mother haunts daughter. England: Baughman. |
| E222.1 | Mother's ghost tries to tear daughter to pieces. English: Child V 303b. |
| E222.2 | Dead mother haunts daughter who marries against mother's will. England: Baughman. |
| E222.3 | Dead mother returns to invoke curse on murderer-son. Greek: Aeschylus Eumenides line 115. |
| E225 | Ghost of murdered child. English: *Child I 218 No. 20; Tobler 30; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 114 No. 9; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 9; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 3; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 241, 244; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 392, 410, (Smith Sound): Kroeber JAFL XII 181. |
| E225.1 | Ghost of abortion. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 274, 392, 410, 439, Holm 88, Rasmussen III 181f. |
| E226 | Dead brother's return. |
| E226.1 | Dead brother reproves sister's pride. English: Child I 428ff. |
| E228 | The dead daughter reproaches her mother for putting her dowery into coffin. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts. |
| E229 | Dead relative's malevolent return—miscellaneous. |
| E229.1 | "If I were not your next of kin." Ghost tells man that otherwise he would tear him into pieces. Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 29. |
| E230 | Return from dead to inflict punishment. |
| E231 | Return from dead to reveal murder. Fb "gjenganger" I 443b, "lig" II 411b; Wimberly 261; England, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 677; West Indies: Flowers 429; Jewish: bin Gorion V 213, 306, *Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Japanese: Ikeda.—N. A. Indian (Fox): Jones PAES I 93ff., (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 173 No. 33, 670 No. 129; Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 39, Rasmussen III 145, Kroeber JAFL XII 181, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 236; Africa (Fang): Tessman 118. |
| E231.1 | Ghost tells name of murderer. Wales: Baughman. |
| E231.2 | Ghost skeleton points lance at murderer. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E231.3 | Ghost light hovers over hiding place of body of murdered person. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E231.4 | Noise of chains leads to buried ghost. (Cf. E402.1.4.) England: Baughman. |
| E231.5 | Ghost returns to murderer, causes him to confess. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E232 | Return from the dead to slay wicked person. Alphabet No. 772; Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 111. |
| E232.1 | Return from dead to slay own murderer. U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E232.2 | Ghost returns to slay man who has injured it while living. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E232.3 | Ghost kills man who interferes with ghostly activity. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E232.4 | Ghost returns to slay enemies. U.S.: Baughman; S. A. Indian (Guaporé River): Lévi-Strauss BBAE CXLIII (3) 378. |
| E234 | Ghost punishes injury received in life. |
| E234.0.1 | Ghost returns to demand vengeance. (Cf. E232.2.) U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E234.1 | Ghost slaps face of son who cheated him out of property. A cancer grows on son's face. Canada: Baughman. |
| E234.2 | Ghost stampedes stolen cattle being driven past his ranch. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E234.3 | Return from dead to avenge death (murder). Irish myth: Cross; England, U.S.: *Baughman (E233). |
| E234.4 | Ghost an unjustly executed man. Real murderer found. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 194. |
| E235 | Return from dead to punish indignities to corpse, or ghost. Ireland: Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3532; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E235.1 | Ghost punishes person who mocks him. Fb "sjæl" III 214b, "gjenganger" I 443b; Spanish Exempla: Keller; U.S.: Baughman. |
| E235.2 | Ghost returns to demand proper burial. Fb "lig" II 411b; Irish: *Cross, Baughman; Jewish: Neuman; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 199. |
| E235.2.1 | Dead man speaks demanding proper funeral rites. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E235.2.2 | Ghost returns because corpse was not properly burned. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E235.3 | Return from dead as punishment for trying to raise ghost. (Cf. E384ff., F491.7.) Ghost accuses man of stealing a trifle and thus has revenge. Fb "stjæle" III 575b; England: *Baughman. |
| E235.4 | Return from dead to punish theft of part of corpse. (Cf. E419.7.) Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 6 No. 49. |
| E235.4.1 | Return from dead to punish theft of golden arm from grave. *Type 366; Köhler-Bolte I 47, 133.—Gascon: Bladé II 324 No. 4; English: Baughman. |
| E235.4.2 | Return from dead to punish theft of leg from grave. *Type 366; BP III 480; Köhler-Bolte I 133; Fb "rædehistorie".—English: Baughman; French: Cosquin Lorraine II 76 No. 41; Gascon Bladé II 328 No. 5. |
| E235.4.3 | Return from dead to punish theft of bone from grave. *Type 366; Fb "menneskeben" II 579a; Köhler-Bolte I 133; England, U.S.: Baughman; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "os". |
| E235.4.4 | Return from dead to punish theft of liver from man on gallows. *Type 366; *BP III 478; Fb "lever" II 404b. |
| E235.4.5 | Return from dead to punish theft of skull. England, Wales, U.S.: *Baughman; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 115 Nos. 14, 15; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 328 No. 29. |
| E235.4.6 | Return from dead to punish theft of teeth. U.S. (S. Carolina): Baughman. |
| E235.5 | Return from dead to punish kicking of skull. (Cf. C13.) N. A. Indian (Tlingit): Swanton BBAE XXXIX 247 No. 86. |
| E235.6 | Return from dead to punish disturber of grave. England, U.S.: Baughman; Jewish: bin Gorion II 160, 348, 360, Neuman. |
| E235.7 | Return from the dead to capture thief. Spanish Exempla: Keller. |
| E235.8 | Corpse of saint sits up and looks at people who open grave and come to claim his body. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E236 | Return from dead to demand stolen property. *Fb "spøgelse" III 520a; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3565; N. Carolina: Brown Collection I 676. |
| E236.1 | Return from dead to demand clothing stolen from grave. Type 366; Fb "død" I 228, "ligskjorte" II 425; *BP III 482 n. 1; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 116 No. 16; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3534. |
| E236.1.1 | Return from dead to demand ring stolen from corpse. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3533, Balys Ghosts; England, U.S.: Baughman; U.S. (N. Carolina): Brown Collection I 676. |
| E236.2 | Return from dead to demand stolen children. Tobler 84. |
| E236.3 | Return from the dead to warn thief that he will be punished. Italian Novella: Rotunda. |
| E236.4 | Return from the dead because last will was not fulfilled. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts. |
| E236.4.1 | Ghost appears at time of death, foils lawyer who is counterfeiting a will for the newly-deceased. England, Holland: *Baughman. |
| E236.4.2 | Ghost appears to remind his brother of the terms of his will. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E236.5 | Return from dead to demand money stolen from corpse. Am. Negro (Georgia): Harris Nights 161 No. 29. |
| E236.6 | Ghost drives away his relatives who are trying to get estate from his wife. England, U.S.: Baughman. |
| E236.7 | Ghostly noises disturb village until stolen church plate is returned. (Cf. E402.) England: Baughman. |
| E236.8 | Ghost seeks repayment of stolen money. England, Wales: *Baughman. |
| E238 | Dinner with the dead. Dead man is invited to dinner. Takes his host to other world. *Type 470; **MacKay; Hartland Science 192f.; U.S.: Baughman; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "repas"; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 470A*; Estonian: Aarne in FFC XX No. 472*; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC No. 835*. Cf. Eskimo (Greenland): Holm 79. |
| E238.1 | Dance with the dead. Girl invites dead to come from grave and dance with her. Difficult escape. Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 365B*; Balys Ghosts (E225.8); Prussian: Plenzat 20. |
| E241 | Ghosts punish intruders into ghost town. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 238, 240. |
| E242 | Ghosts punish intruders into mass (procession) of ghosts. Köhler-Bolte I 133; Gascon: Bladé II 266 No. 3; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 112f. Nos. 1, 2; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3558; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 1; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 39 No. 1; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 48 Nos 64, 65. |
| E243 | Ghosts attack bishop who has suspended priest for singing for all Christian souls. Alphabet No. 686; Spanish Exempla: Keller. |
| E245 | Ghosts punish failure to provide for their wants. Haunt man because he does not leave food and drink for them. Corsican: Ortoli Contes de la Corse (Paris, 1883) 337; Africa (Kweli): Sieber 90. |
| E246 | Ghosts punish failure to sacrifice to them. Greek: Grote I 278; S. A. Indian (Brazil): Oberg 109; Africa: Werner African 198. |
| E247 | Ghost kills man who had had ghost exorcised for too short a time. England: Baughman. |
| E250 | Bloodthirsty revenants. |
| E251 | Vampire. Corpse which comes from grave at night and sucks blood. (Cf. B16.7.1, E268.) *Types 307, 363; *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 322 (327 bibliography of literary treatments); *v. Negelein ibid. XIV 19; *Jaworskij ibid. VIII 331; *Hock Die Vampyrsagen und ihre Verwertung in der deutschen Literatur (Berlin, 1900); *Penzer VI 136, X 346 s.v. "vampires", 350 s.v. "Vetala"; *Fb "blod" IV 47a, "vampyr" IV 361b; *Kittredge Witchcraft 43, 397 n. 160; *Havecost Die Vampirsage in England (1914); Stetson The Animistic Vampire in New England (AA o.s. IX [1896] 1ff.); *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. "Vampire"; Summers **The Vampire in Europe (London, 1929), **The Vampire, its Kith and Kin (London, 1928); *Feilberg Am Urquell III 331ff., VI 84; Wehrhan Die Sage 62; *E. Jobbé-Duval Les morts malfaisants (Paris, 1924)—England: Tupper and Ogle, Map 125f.; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "vampirisme"; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3543; Greek: Fox 278 (Stringes); Slavic: Máchal 231f.; Assyrian: Spence 265; India: *Thompson-Balys; Indonesian: Dixon 231f.; Kai (German New Guinea): ibid. 143; West Indies: Flowers 429; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 357 n. 287e; S. A. Indian (Araucanian): Alexander Lat. Am. 329. |
| E251.1 | Vampire's power overcome. Penzer VI 138. |
| E251.1.1 | Vampire's power overcome by endurance and prayer. Hero continues to pray without looking or speaking while vampire punishes him. *Type 307; Japanese: Ikeda. |
| E251.1.2 | Hand of vampire severed by cutting off hand of drawn figure. Penzer IX 27 n. 1. |
| E251.2 | Vampire brought to life. |
| E251.2.1 | Vampire brought to life through endurance of punishment by her victim. *Type 307. |
| E251.2.2 | Prince plucks from grave of vampire a flower which later becomes a girl. *BP II 126f. |
| E251.2.3 | Vampire brought to life by being fed human food and drink. Africa (Ronga): Junod Les Chants et les Contes des Ba-Ronga de la baie de Delagoa (Lausanne, 1897) 317ff. No. 30. |
| E251.3 | Deeds of vampires. |
| E251.3.1 | Vampires eat corpses. *Type 363.—Cf. Fb "hud" I 661; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E251.3.1.1 | Ghosts roast girl daily in oven and devour her flesh. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E251.3.2 | Vampire milks cows dry. *Kittredge Witchcraft 166, 485 n. 27. |
| E251.3.3 | Vampire sucks blood. U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E251.3.4 | Ghost sucks people's breath. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 173. |
| E251.4 | Form of Vampire. |
| E251.4.1 | Vampire with elephant face. Penzer VII 163. |
| E251.4.2 | Vampire with ass's ears. Penzer VII 163. |
| E251.4.3 | Vampire with eyes of owls. Penzer VII 163. |
| E251.4.4 | God with form and characteristics of vampire. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E251.5 | Vampire plant. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E253 | Ghost tries to kill person for food. Africa (Nyang): Ittman 58. |
| E255 | Ghosts flay corpse. Fb "hud" I 661. |
| E256 | Ghosts eat corpse. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 238. |
| E257 | Ghosts seek firewood to roast man. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 99. |
| E259 | Bloodthirsty revenants—miscellaneous. |
| E259.1 | Corpse bites off woman's nose. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E259.2 | Ghosts may eat only female animals. Africa (Bulu): Krug 108f. |
| E260 | Other malevolent revenants. |
| E261 | Wandering ghost makes attack. Unprovoked and usually unmotivated. Irish: Jacobs Celtic 200, Kennedy 180, O'Suilleabhain 30, 99, Beal XXI 309, 331; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 246; Icelandic: *Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3542, Legends No. 712; Russian: Ralston 271, 274, 313; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 27 Nos. 229—240; cf. 2 Nos. 15—17; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 11; N. A. Indian (Kathlamet): Boas BBAE XXVI 182, 184 (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 225. |
| E261.1 | Wandering skull pursues man. *Brown The Wandering Skull (Am. Journ. Philology XI 423ff.); Indonesian: DeVries Volksverhalen I 299; N. A. Indian (Zuсi): Benedict 342. |
| E261.1.1 | Ghost's flying head attacks slayer. Japanese: Anesaki 307. |
| E261.1.2 | Speaking skull tells about previous life, reveals future events, etc. Krappe Moyen Age XXVII (1926); India: *Thompson-Balys. |
| E261.1.3 | Hero attacked by revenant with half a head, carrying man with half a body. (Cf. E461, E422.1.1, F511.0.5.) Irish myth: Cross. |
| E261.2 | Dead arises when shroud bursts and pursues attendant. Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 113 No. 3; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. *369; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 39 No. 3; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 4. |
| E261.2.1 | Coffin bursts; dead arises and pursues attendant. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts. |
| E261.3 | Man attacked on Christmas night by dancing ghosts. Finnish: Swedish Wessman 6 No. 46. |
| E261.4 | Ghost pursues man. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 677, 681; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 409, 463, Rasmussen III 182, (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 62. |
| E261.4.1 | Ghost of witch in her coffin chases man. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E261.5 | Ghost beats living man with whip. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E262 | Ghost rides on man's back. *Fb "ryg" III 103a, "spøgelse" III 520a; E. H. Meyer Germanische 76; Schönbach Sitzungsberichte d. Phil. Hist. Classe der Kaiserl. Akad. d. Wiss. zu. Wien CXXXIX (1890) 135; Icelandic: Boberg; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3511. |
| E263 | Adulteress returns from dead as devastating dragon. *Herbert III 18, 279. |
| E264 | Ghost drives priest into oven. Fb "ovn" II 774a. |
| E265 | Meeting ghost causes misfortune. Fb "spøgelse" III 519b. |
| E265.1 | Meeting ghost causes sickness. (Cf. D2064.) |
| E265.1.1 | Blow received from a spirit at night; that side paralyzed. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts; England: *Baughman. |
| E265.1.2 | Ghost of father slaps son's face; a cancer grows there. Canada: Baughman. |
| E265.1.3 | Ghost strikes man in face, making his mouth crooked. Ireland: Baughman. |
| E265.2 | Meeting ghost causes person to go mad. (Cf. D2065.) Ireland, U.S.: Baughman. |
| E265.3 | Meeting ghost causes death. (Cf. E574.) England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E266 | Dead carry off living. Wimberly 257; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 468; Africa (Bulu): Krug 109. |
| E266.1 | Ghost of suicide drags people into stream. England: *Baughman. |
| E266.1.1 | Ghost claims a life every seven years by drowning person in river. England: *Baughman. |
| E266.2 | Ghost leads people to commit suicide. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E267 | Dead tears living to pieces. Wimberly 264. |
| E268 | Ghost (revenant) kills by spewing water from his mouth on Hallowe'en. (Cf. F211.1.1.1.) Irish myth: *Cross. |
| E271 | Sea-ghosts. Ghosts which haunt the sea. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40ff. Nos. 6, 17—22. |
| E271.1 | Ghost brings disaster on sailors. U.S., England: *Baughman. |
| E271.2 | Sea-ghost predicting death. Norwegian: Solheim Register 17. |
| E272 | Road-ghosts. (Cf. E332ff., E582.) Ghosts which haunt roads. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 10; England, U.S.: *Baughman; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 248; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 674. |
| E272.1 | Ghost rides in cart. Horse can scarcely pull cart, later dies or goes mad. (Cf. D1654.9, E332, E411.0.3.) Ireland, England: Baughman. |
| E272.2 | Ghost rides behind rider on horse. (Cf. E215.) England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E272.3 | Ghost frightens people off bridge into stream. England, Wales: *Baughman. |
| E272.4 | Ghost chases pedestrian on road. England: Baughman. |
| E272.5 | Ghost misleads traveler on road. See similar actions of fairies, witches, Will-o-the-wisp. (Cf. F402.1.1.) Wales: Baughman. |
| E273 | Churchyard ghosts. Fb "spøgelse" III 519b; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 8; North Carolina: Brown Collection I 675. |
| E273.1 | Ghosts prevent burial of corpse. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 6 No. 44. |
| E274 | Gallows ghost. Ghost haunts gallows. Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 9; U.S.: Baughman. |
| E275 | Ghost haunts place of great accident or misfortune. Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 25 No. 225. |
| E275.1 | Ghost haunts mine after tragedy. (Cf. E336.) England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E276 | Ghosts haunt tree. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 679. |
| E278 | Ghosts haunt spring. North Carolina: Brown Collection I 678. |
| E279 | Malevolent revenants—miscellaneous. |
| E279.1 | The ghost haunts outside at night in human shape. Lithuanian: Balys Ghosts. |
| E279.2 | Ghost disturbs sleeping person. (Cf. E281.2.) England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E279.3 | Ghost pulls bedclothing from sleeper. England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E279.4 | Ghost haunts park, terrifies watchers. England: Baughman. |
| E279.5 | Ghost violently brands drunkard with "D". U.S.: Baughman. |
| E279.6 | Ghost punishes person who molests him. England, Ireland, Wales: *Baughman. |
| E279.7 | Ghosts blow smithy into air. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E280 | Ghosts haunt buildings. (Cf. H1411.) |
| E281 | Ghosts haunt house. (It is sometimes hard to tell whether haunters are supposed to be ghosts or familiar spirits of some kind.) *Type 326; BP I 22ff.; Scotch: Campbell Tales II 290, 299; Irish: O'Suilleabhain 33, Beal XXI 310; England, Scotland, U.S.: Baughman (F470); North Carolina: Brown Collection I 669, 671; New York: Jones JAFL LVII 248; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 311 No. 46, 323 No. 101; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3505; Finnish-Swedish Wessman 25 Nos. 220—222. |
| E281.0.1 | Ghost kills man who stays in haunted house. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E281.1 | Hungry ghosts haunt house seeking food. Africa (Ekoi): Talbot 241. |
| E281.2 | Ghostly horse enters house and puts hoofs on breast of sleeper. Tobler 50. |
| E281.3 | Ghost haunts particular room in house. England, Scotland, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E282 | Ghosts haunt castle. (Cf. F771.4.5.) Type 1160.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "château". |
| E283 | Ghosts haunt church. *Type 326.—Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "église", "chapelle"; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 40 No. 7. |
| E284 | Ghost haunts cloister. Herbert III 83 (étienne de Bourbon). |
| E285 | Ghost haunts well, prevents drawing water after dark. England: Baughman. |
| E290 | Malevolent return from the dead—miscellaneous. |
| E291 | Ghosts protect hidden treasure. |
| E291.1 | Person burying treasure kills person to supply guardian ghost. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E291.2 | Form of treasure-guarding ghost. |
| E291.2.1 | Ghost in human form guards treasure. Canada, England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E291.2.2 | Ghost animal guards treasure. U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E292 | Ghost causes storms. England: *Baughman. |
| E293 | Ghosts frighten people (deliberately). England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E293.1 | Ghost scares thief, prevents theft. England: *Baughman. |
| E293.2 | Ghost scares card players. U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E299 | Miscellaneous acts of malevolent ghosts. |
| E299.1 | Ghost causes machinery to run unattended. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E299.2 | Ghost prevents removal of box from abbey. The box takes on miraculous weight. England: Baughman. |
| E299.3 | Ghost upsets farmers' wagons. England: Baughman. |
| E299.4 | Ghost breaks windows. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E299.5 | Ghost unties boats, setting them adrift. Canada: Baughman. |
| E300 | Friendly return from the dead. Irish: *Cross, Beal XXI 331; Jewish: Neuman. |
| E310 | Dead lover's friendly return. (Cf. E210.) Irish myth: *Cross; Icelandic: Boberg; German: Erk-Böhme Deutscher Liederhort No. 201a; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories (New York, 1889) 191, Dorsey CI LIX 126 No. 34, (Sioux): Dorsey RBAE XI 490, (Zuсi): Cushing 19. |
| E311 | Return from dead to return and ask back love tokens. English: Child II 228. |
| E320 | Dead relative's friendly return. |
| E321 | Dead husband's friendly return. |
| E321.1 | Dead husband sends his ring to his wife. Fb "ring". |
| E321.2 | Dead husband returns and lives with his wife. He is invisible to others. (Cf. F378.) N. A. Indian (Teton): Dorsey AA o.s. II (1889) 148. |
| E321.2.1 | Dead husband returns, helps wife knit socks, piece quilts. She shows his work as proof. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E321.2.2 | Dead man visits his wife every night. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E321.3 | Dead husband returns, asks wife to make him coffee. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E321.4 | Ghost often visits his widow and her new husband. England: Baughman. |
| E321.5 | Ghost appears often to wife and daughter. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E322 | Dead wife's friendly return. (Cf. E221.2.) Irish: O'Suilleabhain 104, Beal XXI 333; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Iroquois): Smith RBAE II 103, (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories (New York, 1889) 129, (Osage): Dorsey FM VII 43 No. 36. |
| E322.1 | Dead wife returns and bears children for husband. *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323. |
| E322.2 | Dead wife returns to wake husband. *Types 403, 450.—New York: Jones JAFL LVII 245. |
| E322.2.1 | Dead wife returns and asks husband to go with her to spirit world. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E322.3 | Wife in heaven by day, with husband by night. Hindu: Tawney II 577. |
| E322.4 | Dead wife returns in form of bird. Scotch: Macdougall and Calder 183; India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E322.5 | Man carries his dead wife with him. *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323f. |
| E322.6 | Dead wife returns to live with her husband until his death. U.S.: *Baughman; S. A. Indian (Cashinawa): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 685. |
| E322.7 | Dead wife returns to another person to have him write a letter to her husband. England: Baughman. |
| E322.8 | Return from dead and remarriage to husband. Chinese: Graham. |
| E322.9 | Man talks to dead wife in grave. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 453. |
| E323 | Dead mother's friendly return. *Jellinek Zs f. Vksk. XIV 323f.; *Fb "moder" II 600b, "spøgelse" III 520a; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. "mère"; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3527; Jewish: *Neuman. |
| E323.1 | Dead mother returns to see baby. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E323.1.1 | Dead mother returns to suckle child. *Types 403, 450; *BP I 96; *Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 323; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 4 No. 27; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 260; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 350 n. 263, (Luiseсo): DuBois UCal VIII 153; Africa (Kweli): Sieber 89; Jamaica: Beckwith MAFLS XVII 266 No. 74, 275 No. 88. |
| E323.1.2 | Dead mother returns to care for neglected baby. Tobler 92f.; India: Thompson-Balys; Papua: Ker 131; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 67. |
| E323.2 | Dead mother returns to aid persecuted children. *Types 510A, 511, 923; Cox 475 n. 4; *BP I 165ff.; *MacCulloch Childhood 108; *Cosquin Contes indiens 504ff.; Italian: Basile Pentamerone I No. 6; Jewish: Neuman; Oceanic (Hawaii, Indonesia, Micronesia, Melanesia): Dixon 89 nn. 97—100; West Indies: Flowers 429; Africa (Cameroons): Mansfield 228. |
| E323.2.1 | Dead mother (in animal form) returns to aid persecuted children. Chinese: Graham. |
| E323.3 | Dead mother called up from grave to give her son charms. Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 124. |
| E323.4 | Advice from dead mother. India: Thompson-Balys; Africa (Hausa): Equilbecq III 291ff. |
| E323.5 | Mother returns to search for dead child. England, Ireland: *Baughman. |
| E323.6 | Mother returns to encourage daughter in great difficulties. England: Baughman. |
| E323.7 | Dead mother makes son strong. Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 158. |
| E324 | Dead child's friendly return to parents. Frequently to stop weeping. (Cf. P230.) *BP II 485; *Fb "hеnd" I 765a; Dieterich Zs. f. Vksk. XII 147; Irish: O'Suilleabhain 41, Beal XXI 315; English: Child II 238f., III 244f., 247, V 241, Baughman; U.S.: Baughman; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3525; Spanish Exempla: Keller; Chinese: Werner 314; N. A. Indian (Pawnee): Grinnell Pawnee Hero Stories (New York, 1889) 145; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 161. |
| E324.1 | Voice of son answers his mother from the grave only when called by his pet name. India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E324.2 | Ghost family visits grave of father. England: Baughman. |
| E325 | Dead sister's friendly return. Irish: O'Suilleabhain 98; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 178. |
| E326 | Dead brother's friendly return. Dieterich Zs. f. Vksk. XII 147; Irish: O'Suilleabhain 102, Beal XXI 332; Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 446. |
| E327 | Dead father's friendly return. Cheremis: Sebeok-Nyerges; U.S.: Baughman; Greek: Aeschylus Prometheus Bound 195; Latin: Virgil Aeneid V 724; Chinese: Graham. |
| E327.1 | Dead father returns to daughter to stop her weeping. (Cf. E324.) Scotland: Baughman. |
| E327.2 | Dead father returns to encourage daughter in childbirth. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E327.3 | Dead father returns to clear son's name of crime. England: *Baughman. |
| E327.4 | Ghost of father returns to rebuke child. U.S.: Baughman. |
| E327.5 | Dead father returns in form of bird. (Cf. E322.4.) India: Thompson-Balys. |
| E330 | Locations haunted by non-malevolent dead. (Cf. E270—E284 for locations haunted by malevolent ghosts.). |
| E332 | Non-malevolent road ghosts. (Cf. E272, E581, E582.) |
| E332.1 | Ghost appears at road and stream. England, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
| E332.2 | Person meets ghost on road. Canada, England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E332.3 | Ghost on road asks traveler for ride. (Cf. E581, E582.) |
| E332.3.1 | Ghost rides on horseback with rider. (Cf. E215.) U.S.: Baughman. |
| E332.3.2 | Ghost rides in carriage, disappears suddenly at certain spot. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E332.3.3 | Ghost asks for ride in automobile. |
| E332.3.3.1 | The Vanishing Hitchhiker. Ghost of young woman asks for ride in automobile, disappears from closed car without the driver's knowledge, after giving him address to which she wishes to be taken. Driver asks person at address about the rider, finds she has been dead for some time. (Often driver finds that ghost has made similar attempts to return, usually on anniversary of death in automobile accident. Often ghost leaves some item such as a scarf or a traveling bag in car.) **Beardsley and Hankey California Folklore Quarterly I 303ff.; Hawaii, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E332.3.3.2 | Deity as ghostly rider. Hawaii: *Baughman. |
| E333 | Non-malevolent churchyard ghost. (Cf. E273.) England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E334 | Non-malevolent ghost haunts scene of former misfortune, crime, or tragedy. (See E336, E337, E338, E339.) England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E334.1 | Ghost haunts scene of former crime or sin. England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E334.2 | Ghost haunts burial spot. (Cf. E411.1.) England, U.S.: *Baughman. |
| E334.2.1 | Ghost of murdered person haunts burial spot. (Cf. E413.) Canada, England, Ireland, Scotland, U.S., Wales: *Baughman. |
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